El amor brujo

El amor brujo (Love, the Magician, rarely translated as Wedded by Witchcraft) is a piece of music originally composed by Manuel de Falla for a chamber group, then re-scored as a symphonic suite, and eventually as a ballet. The texts were by Gregorio Martínez Sierra.

The work is distinctively Andalusian in character with the songs in the Andalusian Spanish dialect of the Gypsies. The music contains moments of remarkable beauty and originality; it includes the celebrated Ritual Fire Dance, Cancion del Fuego Fatuo (Will-o'-the-Wisp) and the Dance of Terror.

Versions and performance history

El amor brujo was initially commissioned in 1914-15 as a gitanería (gypsy piece) by Pastora Imperio, a renowned flamenco gypsy dancer. It was scored for cantaora voice, actors, and chamber orchestra. It was performed at the Teatro Lara, Madrid on 15 April 1915 but was not successful.

The following year, Falla revised the work for symphonic orchestra, with three short songs for mezzo-soprano. This version was performed on 28 March 1916 with the Madrid Symphony Orchestra under Enrique Fernández Arbós.

In 1925, de Falla transformed it into a one-act 'ballet pantomímico'. The work's United States premiere was presented by the Philadelphia Civic Opera Company at Philadelphia's Metropolitan Opera House on March 17, 1927 with mezzo-soprano Kathryn Noll and conductor Alexander Smallens.

Synopsis

El amor brujo is the story of a young Andalusian gypsy girl called Candela. Candela falls in love with a man called Carmelo, after her unfaithful husband, whom she had been forced to marry, had died. The dead husband's ghost returns to haunt Candela and Carmelo. To rid them of the ghost, all the gypsies make a large circle around their campfire at midnight. In this circle Candela performs the Ritual Fire Dance. This causes the ghost to appear, with whom she dances. As they whirl around faster and faster, the magic of the fire dance causes the ghost to be drawn into the fire, making it vanish forever.

Movements

1. Introducción y escena ('Introduction and scene')
2. En la cueva ('In the cave')
3. Canción del amor dolido ('Song of suffering love')
4. El aparecido (El espectro) ('The apparition')
5. Danza del terror ('Dance of terror')
6. El círculo mágico (Romance del pescador) ('The magic circle')
7. A media noche: los sortilegios
8. Danza ritual del fuego ('Ritual fire dance')
9. Escena ('Scene')
10. Canción del fuego fatuo ('Song of the will-o'-the-wisp')
11. Pantomima ('Pantomime)
12. Danza del juego de amor ('Dance of the game of love')
13. Final - las campanas del amanecer ('Finale – the bells of sunrise')

Recordings

Chamber music version (1915)

• 1991: Josep Pons with the orchestra of the Teatre Lliure, 'cantaora' Ginesa Ortega. Harmonia Mundi HMC905213

Symphonic version

• 1946 (February 5): Fritz Reiner with the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra, Contralto Carol Brice. Columbia Masterworks MM-633 (3 12" 78 RPM discs); Also Columbia LP ML-2006.
• 1953: Ataúlfo Argenta with the Orchestre de la Société des Concerts du Conservatoire, mezzo-soprano Ana-Maria Iriarte. EMI 7243 5 69235 2 2
• 1955: Ernest Ansermet with the Orchestre de la Suisse Romande, mezzo-soprano Marina de Gabarain, Decca 417 691-2
• 1960: Leopold Stokowski with the Philadelphia Orchestra, mezzo-soprano Shirley Verrett-Carter, Columbia MS 6147
• 1966: Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos with the New Philharmonia Orchestra, mezzo-soprano Nati Mistral, Decca 417 786-2
• ? Carlo Maria Giulini with the Philharmonia Orchestra, soprano Victoria de los Ángeles EMI 7 69 037 2
• 1978 Luis Antonio Garcia Navarro with the London Symphony Orchestra, mezzo-soprano Teresa Berganza, Deutsche Grammophon 429181-2
• 1996 Edmon Colomer with the Orquestra Simfònica de Barcelona, 'cantaora' Esperanza Fernandez. Valois Auvidis V 4768.

Films

In 1967 Francisco Rovira Beleta directed a film version. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, but lost to Jiří Menzel's Closely Observed Trains. However it won the "National Syndicate of Spectacle, Spain" award.

In 1986, Spanish director Carlos Saura directed El amor brujo based on the ballet, starring, and choreographed by, Antonio Gades. It was the third in his trilogy of dance films, following Bodas de sangre (Blood Wedding) and Carmen. The film filled out the story with spoken dialogue, but nevertheless used the entire score of the ballet, along with additional songs and dances performed by characters in the film. The Orquesta Nacional de España was conducted by Jesús López-Cobos, and the cante jondo singer heard on the soundtrack was the late Rocío Jurado. A soundtrack album, now out of print, was issued by EMI.

Music

The section "Cancion del Fuego Fatuo" was covered by jazz musician Miles Davis on his album Sketches of Spain (1959) as "Will O' the Wisp".

References

• Kennedy, Michael (2006), The Oxford Dictionary of Music, 985 pages, ISBN 0-19-861459-4

External links

• An essay on El amor brujo by Peter Gutmann, accessed 25 December 2009
• El amor brujo from the Martha Argerich Project
• YouTube: Ritual Fire Dance from El amor brujo, accessed 25 December 2009
• Libretto on Spanish Wikisource, accessed 25 December 2009