Eleanor Holmes Norton

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Eleanor Holmes Norton
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from District of Columbia's At-large district
Incumbent
Assumed office  January 3, 1991
Preceded by	Walter E. Fauntroy
Born	June 13, 1937 (1937-06-13) (age 72) Washington, D.C.
Political party	Democratic
Spouse	Edward Norton (m. 1965, div. 1993)
Residence	Washington, D.C.
Alma mater	Antioch College Yale University Yale Law School
Occupation	Attorney
Religion	Episcopalian

Eleanor Holmes Norton (born June 13, 1937) is a Delegate to Congress representing the District of Columbia. In her position she is able to serve on and vote with committees, as well as speak from the House floor. However, she is not permitted to vote on final passage of any legislation because she is not a full member of Congress.

[edit] Early life

Eleanor Holmes was born in Washington, D.C. to Coleman Holmes, a civil servant, and Vela Holmes née Lynch, a schoolteacher. She attended Antioch College (B.A. 1960), Yale University (M.A. 1963) and Yale Law School (L.L.B 1964).^[1]

While in college and graduate school, Norton was active in the civil rights movement and an organizer for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. By the time Norton graduated from Antioch, she had already been arrested for organizing and participating in sit-ins in Washington, D.C., Maryland, and Ohio. While in law school, she traveled to Mississippi for the Mississippi Freedom Summer and worked with civil rights stalwarts like Medgar Evers. Norton's first encounter with a recently released, but physically beaten Fannie Lou Hamer forced Norton to bear witness to the intensity of violence and Jim Crow repression in the South. ^[2] Her time with SNCC inspired her lifelong commitment to social activism and her budding sense of feminism. In the early 1970s, Eleanor Holmes Norton was a signer of the Black Woman’s Manifesto, a classic document of the Black feminist movement.

Upon graduation from law school, she became a law clerk to Federal District Court Judge A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr. At the end of her clerkship, she later served as an assistant legal director of the American Civil Liberties Union, adjunct assistant professor at New York University Law School, and executive assistant to the Mayor of New York. In the early 1970s, Mayor John Lindsay appointed her as the head of the New York City Human Rights Commission and she held the first hearings in the country on discrimination against women. Prominent feminists from throughout the country came to New York City to testify, while Norton used the platform as a means of raising public awareness about the application of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to women and sex discrimination. ^[2]

Appointed by President Jimmy Carter as the first female Chair of the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Norton released the EEOC's first set of regulations outlining what constituted sexual harassment and declaring that sexual harassment was indeed a form of sexual discrimination that violated federal civil rights laws.^[3]

She has also served as a senior fellow of the Urban Institute and a professor at Georgetown University Law Center.

Norton was one of the founders of the Women's Rights Law Reporter, the first legal periodical to focus exclusively on women's rights.

[edit] Delegate to Congress

Jack Kemp, Adrian Fenty, and Norton at DC Vote rally on Capitol Hill

Norton was elected in 1990 as a Democratic delegate to the House of Representatives, defeating city council member Betty Ann Kane in the primary despite the last-minute revelation that Norton had failed to file D.C. income tax returns for several years and owed thousands of dollars.^[4][5] Her campaign manager was Donna Brazile.^[5] The delegate position was open because Del. Walter Fauntroy was running for mayor rather than seeking reelection.^[6] Norton took office on January 3, 1991, and has been reelected every two years since.^[6] Norton is up for reelection in November 2010.

Delegates to Congress are entitled to sit in the House of Representatives and vote in committee (including the Committee of the Whole), but are not allowed to take part in legislative floor votes.^[7] The District shares this limited form of congressional representation with Puerto Rico and four other U.S. territories: Guam, American Samoa, Northern Mariana Islands and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

Legislation strongly supported by Norton that would grant the District of Columbia a voting representative in the House, the District of Columbia House Voting Rights Act of 2009, was passed by the United States Senate on February 26, 2009. If the House, in which she has sponsored the bill, passes it as well and President Barack Obama signs it, the elected representative from the District would be entitled to full voting rights in the 112th Congress. However, the act would not grant Norton the right to vote in the 111th and current Congress, as she would remain in her elected office of delegate for the duration of her two-year term.^[8] However, Norton could run for election to the office of representative in 2010, and if she were elected and took office as a member of the 112th Congress, she would be entitled to full voting rights in the House of Representatives thereafter.

[edit] Committee assignments

• Committee on Homeland Security
  • Subcommittee on Transportation Security and Infrastructure Protection
  • Subcommittee on Emergency Communications, Preparedness, and Response
• Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
  • Subcommittee on Federal Workforce, Post Office, and the District of Columbia
  • Subcommittee on Information Policy, Census, and National Archives
• Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure
  • Subcommittee on Aviation
  • Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings and Emergency Management (Chairwoman)
  • Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment

[edit] Appearances

On July 27, 2006, Norton appeared on the "Better Know a District" segment of Comedy Central's The Colbert Report, in which she spiritedly defended the District of Columbia's claim to being a part of the United States.^[9] Norton also appeared on the joint Colbert Report/Daily Show "Midterm Midtacular" special on November 7, 2006.^[10] A further interview with Stephen Colbert was conducted on March 22, 2007,^[11] and April 24, 2007 on the subject of representation in the District of Columbia.^[12] On February 12, 2008, Colbert and Norton discussed her status as a superdelegate as well as her support of Barack Obama for President.^[13] She appeared once again on February 11, 2009 to discuss D.C. representation and promised Colbert that she would make him an honorary citizen of Washington, D.C., and give him a key to the city, if D.C. citizens were given representation. Colbert in turn gave Norton a "TV promise" that he would be there should that happen.^[14]

Colbert and Norton maintain a satirical rivalry, with their interviews usually involving Colbert belittling Norton's fight for fair representation of D.C. and, in retaliation, Norton famously questioning Colbert's nationality due to the pronunciation of his surname. Once, Colbert said he thought Norton was undressing him with her eyes.

Norton is a regular panelist on the PBS women's news program To the Contrary.

On June 27, 2008, Norton appeared on Democracy Now! to discuss the Supreme Court's ruling in District of Columbia v. Heller.^[15]

Mrs. Holmes Norton proudly maintains an anti-gun stance in defiance of Heller [1].

[edit] References

[edit] External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Eleanor Holmes Norton

• U.S. Congresswoman Eleanor Holmes Norton official government website

• Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Voting record maintained by The Washington Post
• Campaign finance reports and data at the Federal Election Commission
• Campaign contributions at OpenSecrets.org
• Biography, voting record, and interest group ratings at Project Vote Smart
• Issue positions and quotes at On The Issues
• History and powers of DC's Delegate to Congress
• The Colbert Report: Better Know a District – District of Columbia – Eleanor Holmes Norton Pt. 1

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