Electricity pricing

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Electricity pricing (sometimes referred to as electricity tariff or the price of electricity) varies widely from country to country, and may vary signicantly from locality to locality within a particular country. There are many reasons that account for these differences in price. The price of power generation depends largely on the type and market price of the fuel used, government subsidies, government and industry regulation, and even local weather patterns.

Contents

[edit] Basis of electricity rates

Electricity prices vary all over the world, even within a single region or power-district of a single country. In standard regulated monopoly markets, they typically vary for residential, business, and industrial customers, and for any single customer class, might vary by time-of-day or by the capacity or nature of the supply circuit (e.g., 5 kW, 12 kW, 18 kW, 24 kW are typical in some of the large developed countries); for industrial customers, single-phase vs. 3-phase, etc. If a specific market allows real-time dynamic pricing, a more recent option in only a few markets to date, prices can vary by a factor of ten or so between times of low and high system-wide demand.

The actual electricity rate (unit cost per unit electricity) that a customer pays can often be distorted by the effect of customer charges, particularly for small consumers (e.g. residential).[1]

[edit] Price comparison

As of June 2009, Denmark has the most expensive electricity tariff in Europe with tax included, followed by Italy. Ireland has the highest pre-tax tariff. France has the lowest pre-tax price for electricity in Europe, at 4.75 Eurocents/kWh, and second-lowest price with tax of European countries. A comparative list of June 2009 prices for Europe may be found in the European Household Electricity Price Index.[2]

The following is a rough comparison of electricity tariffs of industrialised countries and territories around the world.[3]

Finland, Sweden and Norway are claimed to have common electricity market. In October 2011 (week 40) the price of electricity was in Finland 33.6 €/MWh, Sweden 12.8 €/MWh, and Norway 3.4-12.8 €/MWh.[4]

[edit] Global electricity price comparison

Country/Territory US cents/1kWh As of Sources
Argentina 05.74 2006 [5]<[3]
Australia 19.67 first 1755kWh/qtr, then 28.88 2011 Switchwise
Belgium 29.06 20111101November 1, 2011 EEP[5]
Brazil 34.18 20110101January 1, 2011 ANEEL
Canada 10.78 20110101January 1, 2011 PEI
China 16.0 (tariff for renewables - not true grid price) 20110101January 1, 2011 [6]
Chile 23.11 20110101January 1, 2011 Chilectra[7]
Croatia 17.55 20080701July 1, 2008 HEP
Denmark 40.38 20111101November 1, 2011 EEP[5]
Dubai 07.62 2011 DEWA[8]
Finland 20.65 20111101November 1, 2011 EEP[5]
France 19.39 20111101November 1, 2011 EEP[5]
Germany 36.48 20111101November 1, 2011 EEP
Hungary 23.44 20111101November 1, 2011 EEP[5]
Hong Kong
(HK Is.)		 12.04 20120101January 1, 2012 HEC[9]
Iceland 03.93 20120101January 1, 2012 OR[10]
Ireland 28.36 20111101November 1, 2011 EEP[5]
Italy 28.39 20111101November 1, 2011 EEP[5]
Israel 12.34 20120101January 1, 2012 IEC[11]
Jamaica 07.35 up to 100 kWh, 16.80 beyond 20110601June 1, 2011 JPSCo[12]
Latvia 15.40 20111101November 1, 2011 EEP[5]
Malaysia 07.42 20071201December 1, 2007 ST[13]
Moldova 11.11 20110401April 1, 2011 RUF[citation needed]
Netherlands 28.89 20111101November 1, 2011 EEP[5]
Pakistan 02.06 up to 50 kWh, for a maximum of 14.62 beyond 700 kWh 20110506May 6, 2011 LESCOFESCO
Perú 10.44 2007 PTL[14]
Philippines 30.46 20100301March 1, 2010 [6]
Portugal 25.25 20111101November 1, 2011 EEP[5]
Russia 09.58 20120101January 1, 2012 Mosenergosbyt
Singapore 22.11 20120101January 1, 2012 [15]
Spain 27.06 20120101January 1, 2012 Iberdrola
South Africa 05.37 20080701July 1, 2008 Eskom
Sweden 27.10 20111101November 1, 2011 EEP
Taiwan 07 up to 17 20081001October 1, 2008 [7]
Thailand 04.46 up to 09.79 20110305March 5, 2011 BOI
Tonga 57.95 20110601June 1, 2011 [8]
Turkey 13.1 20110701July 1, 2011 TEDAS
Iran 02.00 to 19.00 20110701July 1, 2011
UK 21.99 20111101November 1, 2011 EEP[5]
Ukraine 03.05 (first 150kWh), 03.95 2011 [9][16]
Uruguay 14.47 to 22.89 20110218February 18, 2011 UTE
USA 11.20 2011 EIA[17]
Uzbekistan 04.95 2011 Stroyka.uz[16]

The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) also publishes an incomplete list of international energy prices, while the International Energy Agency (IEA) provides a thorough, quarterly review for purchase.

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ J. M. Pearce and Paul J. Harris, "Reducing greenhouse gas emissions by inducing energy conservation and distributed generation from elimination of electric utility customer charges", Energy Policy, 35, pp. 6514-6525, 2007. Open access available
  2. ^ European Household Electricity Price Index for Europe (HEPI), Who is paying the most, who is paying the least and where are prices heading in Europe?, June 2009
  3. ^ a b [http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=860462:Los precios de la energía, desiguales en el país y lejos de los valores regionales / Los precios de la energía, desiguales en el país y lejos de los valores regionales ] – La nacion
  4. ^ Halpa sähkö ei siirry Suomeen, Helsingin Sanomat 15.10.2011 B8
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Domestic EU Electricity Prices
  6. ^ http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100318040451AA1gJJJ
  7. ^ "Energy Supply Pricing for Clients Subject to Price Regulation". Chilectra. Jan 01, 2011. http://206.49.219.54/medios/ggcc/animacion_principal/Tarifas_Suministro_ClientesRegulados_2011_01_01.pdf. Retrieved Feb 10, 2011. 
  8. ^ [1]
  9. ^ Tariff table – Hong Kong Electric, retrieved on February 6, 2012
  10. ^ Prices and Rates – Orkuveita Reykjavíkur, retrieved on August 15, 2010 (in Icelandic)
  11. ^ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named IEC; see Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text
  12. ^ [2]
  13. ^ "Electric Supply Industry in Malaysia Performance And Statistical Information 2007". Suruhanjaya Tenaga. http://www.st.gov.my/images/stories/upload/st/st_files/public/Report_Performance.pdf. Retrieved May 25, 2009. 
  14. ^ Pliegos tarifarios de Lima-OSINERGMIN/GART
  15. ^ [3]
  16. ^ a b See list in bottom right.
  17. ^ [4] Electric Power Monthly: Average Retail Price of Electricity
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