Emilio Fernández
| Emilio Fernández | |
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| Born | Emilio Fernández Romo March 26, 1904 Hondo, Coahuila, Mexico |
| Died | August 6, 1986 (aged 82) Mexico City, Mexico |
| Years active | 1928–1986 |
| Spouse | Columba Domínguez |
Emilio "El Indio" Fernández (born Emilio Fernández Romo, Spanish pronunciation: [eˈmiljo feɾˈnandeð ˈromo]; March 26, 1904 – August 6, 1986) was an actor, screenwriter and director of the cinema of Mexico. He is best known for his work as director of the film Maria Candelaria which won the Grand Prix at the 1946 Cannes Film Festival.[1] A very close friend of Dolores del Río, who was married to Cedric Gibbons, designer of the original Academy Award, Emilio was the model who posed for the naked knight holding a sword now known worldwide as "Oscar".
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[edit] Biography
[edit] Early life
Fernández was born in Mineral del Hondo, Coahuila. His father, Fernando Garza, was a military man, and after 1910, a revolutionary while his mother was a Kickapoo Indian, a tribe that inhabited the region of Sabinas, hence the "Indio" nickname. El "Indio" dropped out of school to serve in the revolutionary uprising led by Adolfo de la Huerta.
President of Mexico Álvaro Obregón sent Huerta into exile (in Los Angeles, California) and Fernández received a 20-year prison sentence but escaped prison using dynamite and followed Huerta to the United States. Huerta worked as a music teacher and Fernández as an extra in Hollywood in the 1920s and 1930s.
[edit] Model for the Oscar statuette
In 1928, MGM's art director Cedric Gibbons, one of the original Academy Award members, supervised the design of the award trophy by printing the design on a scroll. In need of a model for his statuette Gibbons was introduced by his future wife Dolores del Río to Mexican film director Emilio "El Indio" Fernández. Reluctant at first, Fernández was finally convinced to pose nude to create what today is known as the "Oscar".[2]
[edit] Career
With his experience in Hollywood he joined the Mexican movie industry as a screenwriter and actor. "El Indio" obtained his first acting role in Corazón bandolero (1934) of Raphael J. Sevilla. His looks also landed him a starring role playing a native in Janitzio of Carlos Navarro.
He also wrote the script for La isla de la Pasión ( a.k.a Clipperton, 1941), a film he would also direct. His next two films as a director were successful not only in Mexico but the rest of Latin America, Flor silvestre (1943) and María Candelaria for which he was awarded the Palm d'Ore at Cannes[1] along with Gabriel Figueroa(1943). Both filmed with photographer Gabriel Figueroa. He developed his own style which had such an effect in the industry that his portrayal of rural Mexico became a standard for the film industry and also became the image of Mexico in the world.
Other sucess films directed by Fernández including Las Abandonadas, Bugambilia (1944, with Dolores del Río and Pedro Armendariz, principal Fernández's actors in México); La Perla (1946), Enamorada (1946), Rio Escondido (1947) and Maclovia (1948) (with María Félix, with a great sucess in Europe; Pueblerina (1949) (with another Fernández muse: his wife Columba Domínguez) and The Torch (filmed in the United States, with Paulette Goddard)
In 1947 Fernández directed some scenes of the film The Fugitive, directed by John Ford.
In the middle of the 1950's, the films of Fernández fall in decadence and he is relegated by other notable Mexican film directors like Luis Buñuel. Fernández returned to his role as actor. In México participates in films like The Soldiers of Pancho Villa (1959) with María Félix and Dolores del Río and El Crepúsculo de un Dios (1968, directed by himself). In Hollywood participates in films like The Night of the Iguana (1964, directed by John Huston, with Richard Burton and Ava Gardner), Return of the Seven (1966, with Yul Brynner), Bring Me the Head of Alfredo Garcia (1972, directed by Sam Peckinpah) and Under the Volcano (1984). His last film as actor was Los Amantes del Señor de la Noche in 1986.
[edit] Notable film collaborations
Considered the premier Cinematographer of Mexico's Época de oro, between 1930–1960, Figueroa was nominated for several awards, including the Oscar in 1964. Worked as DP on twenty-five projects with Fernandez including the Palme d'Or winning María Candelaria, Flor Silvestre and the multi-Ariel winning Enamorada. Together they glorified "Mexico's landscapes, dramatic, cloud-laced skies, and more importantly, its stoic Indian faces."[3]
Very much El Indio's Alter-ego on the screen, the charismatic Armendáriz dominated and defined Mexican cinema in the 1940s, often as a foil and lover to Fernandez's muse Dolores del Río. Starred in the first film that Fernandez directed (1941's Isla de la pasión) and many of his most iconic most notably as the cursed pearl fisherman in the 1947 adaptation of La Perla.
A massive silent star in the Hollywood of the 1920s, her career faded during the sound era and despite her appearance (in a rather natty leopardskin leotard) in Orson Welles' 1943 film Journey into Fear it seemed like her best years were behind her. That was until Fernandez offered her the lead role the following year in Flor Silvestre. This was a triumph and saw her relaunched in her home country – and incidentally in her first Spanish language role – as a major icon. Six further collaborations followed including the film that defined Mexico's Golden Age – Maria Candelaria.
Directed by Fernandez in Enamorada (1946), Río Escondido (1947), Maclovia (1948), Reportaje and El Rapto (1953)
His wife and mother of his daughter, Jacaranda. She was directed by Fernández in the classic Pueblerina (1949) and other movies like La Malquerida (1949), Cuando levanta la niebla (1951) and Pueblito (1961) among others
A notable performance in the movie Bring Me the Head of Alfredo Garcia and as one of the main antagonists in The Wild Bunch.
Played an inmate along with the iconic action star in the movie Breakout.
Small part in the movie The War Wagon
Played the Villain in Return of the Seven.
[edit] Personal Life
Fernandez lived from 1949 until his death with the Mexican actress Columba Dominguez, who had a daughter named Jacaranda. Fernandez also had another adopted daughter named Adela.
Fernández was in love with his muse, Dolores del Rio, but she never corresponded his love. In 1945, he was related with the American actress Olivia de Havilland.
[edit] Filmography
As Director
- 1941 – La Isla de la pasión
- 1942 – Soy puro mexicano
- 1942 – Flor Silvestre
- 1944 – Maria Candelaria
- 1945 – Las Abandonadas
- 1945 – Bugambilia (1945 Film)
- 1946 – Pepita Jiménez
- 1946 – Enamorada
- 1947 – La Perla
- 1947 – The Fugitive (uncredited as co-director w/ John Ford)
- 1948 – Río Escondido
- 1948 – Maclovia
- 1949 – Salón México
- 1949 – Pueblerina
- 1949 – La Malquerida
- 1950 – Duelo en las montañas
- 1950 – The Torch
- 1950 – Un Día de vida
- 1951 – Vìctimas del Pecado
- 1951 – Islas Marías
- 1951 – La Bienamada
- 1952 – Siempre tuya
- 1952 – Acapulco
- 1952 – El Mar y tú
- 1952 – Cuando levanta la niebla
- 1953 – La Red
- 1953 – Reportaje
- 1953 – El Rapto
- 1954 – La Rebelión de los colgados
- 1955 – La Rosa blanca
- 1955 – Nosotros dos
- 1955 – La Tierra del fuego se apaga
- 1958 – Una cita de amor
- 1960 – El Impostor
- 1962 – Pueblito
- 1963 – Paloma herida
- 1967 – Un Dorado de Pancho Villa
- 1969 – Un Crepúsculo de un dios
- 1974 – La Choca
- 1976 – Zona Roja
- 1979 – México Norte (remake of his own Pueblerina)
- 1979 – Erótica
As Actor
- 1934 - Janitzio
- 1939 - Los de Abajo
- 1943 - Flor Silvestre
- 1959 - The Soldiers of Pancho Villa
- 1964 - The Night of the Iguana
- 1966 - The Return of the Seven
- 1972 - Bring Me the Head of Alfredo Garcia
- 1984 - Under the Volcano
- 1986 - Los Amantes del Señor de la Noche
[edit] References
- ^ a b "Festival de Cannes: Maria Candelaria". festival-cannes.com. http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/4325/year/1946.html. Retrieved 2009-01-03.
- ^ "6 things you may not know about Oscar statuettes". forevergeek.com. http://www.forevergeek.com/2010/03/6_things_you_may_not_know_about_oscar_statuettes/. Retrieved 2011-06-15.
- ^ Mora, Carl J. Mexican Cinema: Reflections of Society 1896–1988. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989, 58.
[edit] External links
- (es) Biography at the Cinema of Mexico site of the ITESM.
- Biopic at IMDB http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1805216/combined
- Mexican Film Biography with Pictures [1]
- Facebook page with information, image grabs and articles [2]
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