Endemic birds of Hawaii

This article is one of a series providing information about endemism among birds in the World's various zoogeographic zones. For an overview of this subject see Endemism in birds.

There are 71 known taxa of endemic Hawaiian birds, of which 23 are extinct and 30 of the remaining 48 species and subspecies are listed as endangered or threatened by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Habitat loss and avian disease are thought to have had the greatest effect on endemic bird species in Hawaii.

List of species

The following is a list of bird species endemic to the Hawaiian Islands:

Procellariidae

• Hawaiian Petrel ʻUaʻu, Pterodroma sandwichensis (VU)
• Newell's Shearwater or ʻAʻo, Puffinus newelli (EN)

Anatidae

• Hawaiian Goose or Nēnē, Branta sandvicensis (VU)
• Hawaiian Duck or Koloa maoli, Anas wyvilliana (EN)
• Laysan Duck, Anas laysanensis (CR)

Accipitridae

• Hawaiian Hawk or ʻIo, Buteo solitarius (NT)

Rallidae

• Laysan Rail, Porzana palmeri †
• Hawaiian Rail, Porzana sandwichensis †
• Hawaiian Moorhen or ʻAlae ʻula, Gallinula chloropus sandwichensis
• Hawaiian Coot ʻAlae keʻokeʻo, Fulica alai (VU)

Recurvirostridae

• Hawaiian Stilt or Aeʻo, Himantopus mexicanus knudseni

Laridae

• Hawaiian (Black) Noddy or Noio, Anous minutus melanogenys

Strigidae

• Pueo, Asio flammeus sandwichensis

Meliphagidae

• Kauaʻi ʻŌʻō, Moho braccatus †
• Oʻahu ʻŌʻō, Moho apicalis †
• Molokaʻi ʻŌʻō, Moho bishopi †
• Hawaiʻi ʻŌʻō, Moho nobilis †
• Kioea, Chaetoptila angustipluma †

Corvidae

• Hawaiian Crow or ʻAlala, Corvus hawaiiensis (EW)

Monarchidae

• Kauaʻi ʻElepaio, Chasiempis sandwichensis sclateri
• Oʻahu ʻElepaio, Chasiempis sandwichensis ibidis
• Hawaiʻi ʻElepaio, Chasiempis sandwichensis sandwichensis

Sylviidae

• Laysan Millerbird, Acrocephalus familaris familaris †
• Nihoa Millerbird, Acrocephalus familaris kingi

Turdidae

• Kamaʻo, Myadestes myadestinus †
• ʻĀmaui, Myadestes oahensis †
• Olomaʻo, Myadestes lanaiensis lanaiensis
• ʻOmaʻo, Myadestes obscurus (VU)
• Puaiohi, Myadestes palmeri (CR)

Drepanididae

• Laysan Finch, Telespiza cantans (VU)
• Nihoa Finch, Telespiza ultima (CR)
• ʻŌʻū, Psittirostra psittacea (CR)
• Lanaʻi Hookbill, Dysmorodrepanis munroi †
• Palila, Loxioides bailleui (EN)
• Lesser Koa-finch, Rhodacanthis flaviceps †
• Greater Koa-finch, Rhodacanthis palmeri †
• Kona Grosbeak, Chloridops kona †
• Maui Parrotbill, Pseudonestor xanthophrys (CR)
• Kauaʻi ʻAkialoa, Akialoa stejnegeri or Hemignathus ellisianus procerus
• Oʻahu ʻAkialoa, Akialoa ellisiana or Hemignathus ellisianus ellisianus
• Maui Nui ʻAkialoa, Akialoa lanaiensis or Hemignathus ellisianus lanaiensis
• Lesser ʻAkialoa, Akialoa obscura or Hemignathus obscurus †
• Common ʻAmakihi, Hemignathus virens (LC)
• Oʻahu ʻAmakihi, Hemignathus flavus (VU)
• Kauʻi ʻAmakihi, Hemignathus kauaiensis (VU)
• Greater ʻAmakihi, Hemignathus sagittirostris †
• Nukupuʻu, Hemignathus lucidus (CR)
• ʻAkiapolaʻau, Hemignathus munroi (EN)
• ʻAnianiau, Magumma parva (VU)
• ʻAkikiki, Oreomystis bairdi (CR)
• Hawaiʻi Creeper, Oreomystis mana (EN)
• Oʻahu ʻAlauahio, Paroreomyza maculata (CR)
• Maui ʻAlauahio, Paroreomyza montana (EN)
• Kakawahie, Paroreomyza flammea †
• ʻAkekeʻe, Loxops caeruleirostris (CR)
• ʻAkepa, Loxops coccineus (EN)
• ʻUla-ʻai-Hawane, Ciridops anna †
• ʻIʻiwi, Vestiaria coccinea (VU)
• Hawaiʻi Mamo, Drepanis pacifica †
• Black Mamo, Drepanis funerea †
• ʻAkohekohe, Palmeria dolei (CR)
• ʻApapane, Himatione sanguinea (LC)
• Poʻouli, Melamprosops phaeosoma (CR)

See also

• List of birds of Hawaii
• List of bird species introduced to the Hawaiian Islands
• Endemism in the Hawaiian Islands
• List of extinct animals of the Hawaiian Islands

References

• (2005). Hawaii's Birds. Hawaii Audubon Society. Sixth ed.

External links

• USGS Biology Programs, Informative site but species classification is out of date
• IUCN Redlist of Threatened Species
• Hawai'i's Endemic Forest Birds - Distribution, Status and Population Updates 2002
• Hawaii's Species of Greatest Conservation Need: Process and SGCN Fact Sheets