Entropion
| Entropion | |
|---|---|
| Classification and external resources | |
 Entropion and trichiasis secondary to trachoma |
|
| ICD-10 | H02.0, Q10.2 |
| ICD-9 | 374.0 |
| DiseasesDB | 29643 |
| MedlinePlus | 001008 |
| eMedicine | oph/212 |
| MeSH | D004774 |
Entropion is a medical condition in which the eyelid (usually the lower lid) folds inward. It is very uncomfortable, as the eyelashes constantly rub against the cornea. Entropion is usually caused by genetic factors and may be congenital.[citation needed] Entropion can also occur secondary to pain of the eye (leading to self trauma, scarring of the eyelid, or nerve damage.) The upper or lower eyelid can be involved, and one or both eyes may be affected. When entropion occurs in both eyes, this is known as "bilateral entropion." Trachoma infection may cause scarring of the inner eyelid, which may cause entropion. In human cases, this condition is most common to people over 60 years of age.[1]
Contents |
[edit] Symptoms
Symptoms of entropion include:
- Redness and pain around the eye
- Sensitivity to light and wind
- Sagging skin around the eye
- Epiphora
- Decreased vision, especially if the cornea is damaged
[edit] Treatment
Treatment is a simple surgery in which excess skin of the outer lids is removed. Prognosis is excellent if surgery is performed before the cornea is damaged.
[edit] Causes
- Congenital
- Aging
- Scarring
- Spasm
[edit] Entropion in other species
Entropion has been documented in most dog breeds, although there are some breeds (particularly purebreds) that are more commonly affected than others. These include the Akita, Pug, Chow Chow, Shar Pei, St. Bernard, Cocker Spaniel, Boxer, Springer Spaniel, Labrador Retriever, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Neapolitan Mastiff, Bull Mastiff, Great Dane, Irish Setter, Shiba Inu, Rottweiler, Poodle[2] and particularly Bloodhound.[3] The condition is usually present by six months of age. If left untreated, the condition can cause such trauma to the eye that it will require removal. [4]
Entropion has also been seen in cat breeds. Typically it is secondary to trauma, or infection leading to chronic eye lid changes. It is also seen secondary to enophthalmos. Congenital cases are also seen with the brachicephalic breeds being over represented. [5]
Upper lid entropion involves the eyelashes rubbing on the eye, but the lower lid usually has no eyelashes, so little or no hair rubs on the eye. Surgical correction is used in more severe cases. A number of techniques for surgical correction exist. The Hotz-Celsus technique involves the removal of strip of skin and orbicularis oculi muscle parallel to the affected portion of the lid and then the skin is sutured.
Alternative techniques such as the Wyman technigue focus on tightening the lower eyelid, this technique is not as effective in cases of enophthalmos.[6]
Shar Peis, who often are affected as young as two or three weeks old, respond well to temporary eyelid tacking. The entropion is often corrected after three to four weeks, and the sutures are removed.[2]
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Chart 80: "Painful or irritated eye" ISBN 0-86318-864-8 page 184
- ^ a b Gelatt, Kirk N. (ed.) (1999). Veterinary Ophthalmology (3rd ed. ed.). Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-683-30076-8.
- ^ Bloodhound Health Concerns
- ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-shropshire-15409182
- ^ Williams, DL; Kim (Jul-Aug 2009). "Feline entropion: a case series of 50 affected animals (2003-2008)". Veterinary Opthalmology. 4 12: 221–226. PMID 17204122. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17204122. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
- ^ Bojrab, M Joseph (1998). Current techniques in small animal surgery. Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0683008900.
[edit] External links
- Humans
- http://www.kellogg.umich.edu/patientcare/conditions/entropion.html
- http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001008.htm
- http://www.upei.ca/~cidd/Diseases/ocular%20disorders/entropion.htm
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