Epiphany (web browser)

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Epiphany
Epiphany-web-browser.png
Epiphany3.0.png
Epiphany 3.0.0
Original author(s) Marco Pesenti Gritti
Developer(s) The GNOME Web Browser Developers
Initial release September 11, 2003 (2003-09-11)
Stable release 3.2.2  (16 November 2011; 3 months ago (2011-11-16))[1] [+/−]
Preview release 3.3.90  (24 February 2012; 15 days ago (2012-02-24))[2] [+/−]
Written in C (GTK+)
Operating system Linux, BSD, Mac OS X
Engine WebKit (previously Gecko)
Platform GNOME
Available in More than 60 languages
Type Web browser
License GPL v2+
Website projects.gnome.org/epiphany/

Epiphany is a free web browser for the GNOME desktop environment. The browser is a descendant of Galeon and was created after developer disagreements about Galeon's growing complexity.[3] Since then Epiphany has been developed as part of the GNOME project and uses most of GNOME's technology and settings when applicable. As required by the GNOME Human Interface Guidelines (HIG), Epiphany maintains the clean and simple graphical user interface with only a required minimum number of features exposed to users by default; however, the browser's functionality and configurability can be extended with official and third-party extensions.[4]

Instead of developing a custom web browser engine Epiphany originally used the Gecko layout engine until version 2.28 and WebKit starting with version 2.20. This approach allows the relatively small developer community to maintain a sufficient level of modern web standards support.[5] The features of Epiphany include reuse of GNOME configuration settings, smart bookmarks and web application integration into user desktop. Epiphany extensions add support for ad filtering, Greasemonkey user scripts support and other smaller, yet useful, options.

Epiphany's source code is available under the GNU General Public License from the GNOME project. The binary builds of the browser are available in the package repositories of most Linux distributions and BSD releases.[6]

Contents

[edit] Development

[edit] Galeon fork

Epiphany was originally developed as a fork of Galeon by Marco Pesenti Gritti, who was also the initiator of Galeon. The fork occurred because of the divergent aims of Gritti and the rest of Galeon development team about new features. While Gritti regarded Galeon's monolithic design and the number of user-configurable features as factors limiting Galeon's maintainability and user base expansion, the rest of the Galeon developers believed that more features should be added. At the same time the GNOME project created the GNOME human interface guidelines, which promoted simplification of user interfaces. As Galeon was considered a power user-oriented browser, the implementation of those guidelines was believed to be unacceptable by most developers. As a result, Gritti created a new browser based on Galeon's codebase, with most of the non-mission-critical features removed. Epiphany was intended to be fully compliant with the GNOME human interface guidelines, with a very simple user interface. As such Epiphany does not have its own theme settings and uses GNOME’s settings, which are specified in the GNOME Control Center.[4][3]

Gritti explained his motivations:

While Mozilla has an excellent rendering engine, its default XUL-based interface is considered to be overcrowded and bloated. Furthermore, on slower processors even trivial tasks such as pulling down a menu is less than responsive.

Epiphany aims to utilize the simplest interface possible for a browser. Keep in mind that simple does not necessarily mean less powerful. We believe the commonly used browsers of today are too big, buggy, and bloated. Epiphany addresses simplicity with a small browser designed for the web—not mail, newsgroups, file management, instant messaging or coffee making. The UNIX philosophy is to design small tools that do one thing, and do it well.

— Marco Pesenti Gritti[7]

Galeon continued after the fork, but lost its momentum due to the remaining developers' failure to keep up with the new features and changes Mozilla introduced. Galeon development finally stalled and the developers decided to work on a set of extensions to bring Galeon's advanced features to Epiphany instead.[4]

Epiphany's early philosophy included a commitment to creating a web browser specifically for GNOME:

Epiphany's main goal is to be integrated with the gnome desktop. We don't aim to make Epiphany usable outside Gnome. If someone will like to use it anyway, it's just a plus. For example: Making people happy that don't have control center installed is not a good reason to have mime configuration in Epiphany itself.

— Marco Pesenti Gritti[7]

Gritti is no longer involved with the Epiphany project and a GNOME team lead by Xan Lopez, Christian Persch and Jean-François Rameau now direct the project.[4]

While some believe that Epiphany should be the default web browser in Linux distributions with GNOME as the default desktop environment, the common practice is to distribute Firefox instead.[6] In most minimalist distributions, Epiphany is installed with the GNOME meta-package or packages group.[8][9]

[edit] Gecko-based

The first version of Epiphany was released on 24 December 2002.[10]

Epiphany initially used the Gecko layout engine from the Mozilla project to display web pages. It provided a GNOME integrated front-end to Gecko, instead of the Mozilla XUL interface.[11]

The development process of Epiphany was mainly focused on numerous small usability improvements. The most notable of them was the new text entry widget, which first appeared in 1.8 stable version series. The new widget supported icons inside the text area, reducing amount of chrome needed to represent the information, and thus conformed to the GNOME HIG.[12]

The second major milestone (after version 1.0) in Epiphany development was the 2.14 release. This was the first Epiphany release which followed GNOME's version numbering. It also featured network awareness using NetworkManager, smart bookmarks-related improvements and the possibility of being compiled against XULRunner. The latter was critical, as previously Epiphany could only use Firefox or Mozilla/SeaMonkey as a layout engine provider, so it could only be installed alongside one of those browsers. The XULRunner support made it possible to install Epiphany as the sole web browser on the system.[13][14]

[edit] WebKit-based

Epiphany 2.26.1 (left) showing its larger user interface chrome area than in 3.2.0 (right)

The development process heavily suffered from multiple problems, related to the Gecko backend.[5] To address these issues in July 2007 the Epiphany team added support for WebKit as an alternative rendering engine for Epiphany.[15] As the backend development advanced, on 02008-04-01 April 1, 2008 the Epiphany team announced that it would stop using the Gecko rendering engine and proceed using just WebKit.[5]

The size of the development team and the complexity of porting the whole browser to a new backend caused Epiphany to re-release version 2.22 with bugfixes instead of the actual development code,[16] so browser development remained stagnant until 02009-07-01 July 1, 2009, when the project team announced that Epiphany 2.26 would be the final Gecko-based version.[17] Eventually, in September 2009 the Webkit-powered Epiphany 2.28 was released, as part of GNOME 2.28.[18]

[edit] Release history

Version Date Changes[19][20]
0.4 02002-12-25 December 25, 2002[21] Initial release
0.5 02003-04-13 April 13, 2003[22] Ability to drag bookmarks, smart bookmarks and topics to the toolbar, optional Go button for URL bar, "Help" support.
0.6 02003-05-04 May 4, 2003[23] Drag and drop of links to tab bar, security preferences, user primary language automatic detection, new history dialog, default bookmarks toolbar.
0.7 02003-06-07 June 7, 2003[24] Zoom control for the toolbar, ability to reload page bypassing cache, traditional bookmarks menu, Exit fullscreen button.
0.8 02003-07-13 July 13, 2003[25] Tooltips, improved GNOME integration, fast search for bookmarks and history, drag and drop of URLs in the bookmarks toolbar.
0.9 02003-08-22 August 22, 2003[26] Bugfixes only.
1.0 02003-09-08 September 8, 2003[27]
GNOME 2.04		 Support for Mozilla 1.6.
1.2 02004-03-15 March 15, 2004[28]
GNOME 2.06		 Support for Mozilla 1.7 and 1.8, Lockdown mode, caret navigation.
1.4 02004-09-13 September 13, 2004[29]
GNOME 2.08		 Offline mode, per site pop-up blocking.
1.6 02005-03-09 March 9, 2005[30]
GNOME 2.10		 Extensions manager.
1.8 02005-09-05 September 5, 2005[31]
GNOME 2.12		 Python bindings, Find toolbar, Favicon and SSL icons displayed in location bar,[12] Gecko 1.8 support, error messages display in content area, use of the standard GNOME printing system.
2.14 02006-03-12 March 12, 2006[32] XULRunner backend supported, topic suggestions in bookmarks manager,[33] version numbering synced to GNOME,[13] NetworkManager DBUS interface support.
2.16 02006-09-06 September 6, 2006[34] History preserved for links, opened in new tabs,[35] spell checking support, page security info dialogue from Certificates extension, new GTK+ Printing dialogs, stability improvements.[36]
2.18 02007-03-14 March 14, 2007[37] Bookmarks online storage,[38] UI for Ad Blocker.
2.20 02007-09-19 September 19, 2007[39] Migration from Gecko to WebKit,[16] PDF printing, migration from gnome-vfs to GIO.
2.22 02008-03-12 March 12, 2008[40]
2.24 02008-09-24 September 24, 2008[41]
2.26 02009-03-31 March 31, 2009[42]
2.28 02009-09-24 September 24, 2009[43] Gecko backends removed, Python support for extensions dropped, support for the WebInspector.[44]
2.30 02010-03-31 March 31, 2010[45] Broken SSL certificate warning, custom page menus support.
2.32 02010-09-29 September 29, 2010[46] Bugfixes only.
3.0 02011-04-06 April 6, 2011[47] Reduced the amount of user interface chrome, geolocation support, switched from text zooming to full content zooming, new download manager, migration to GTK+ 3 and GNOME 3 technologies.
3.2 02011-09-28 September 28, 2011[48] Separate font settings, WebKit's internal page source viewer made default, Web Applications mode introduced.

[edit] Features

Epiphany is based on the WebKit web browser engine, which provides support for HTML 4 and XHTML, CSS 1 and 2, substantial degree of implementation of HTML5 and CSS 3 features,[49] Web Inspector (HTML and JavaScript debugging tool)[44] and NSAPI, including Adobe Flash and IcedTea plug-ins support.[4]

[edit] GNOME integration

Epiphany reuses GNOME frameworks and settings.[50][51] Therefore its user interface theme is the GNOME default theme, the network settings with GNOME NetworkManager configuration, printing with the GNOME printing system, settings with GSettings and GNOME default applications settings are used for internet media types handling.

The built-in preference manager for Epiphany is designed to present user only basic browser-specific settings. All the advanced configuration is done with the stand-alone GSettings configurator tools such as GNOME's default dconf (command line) and dconf-editor (graphical).[52]

Epiphany follows the GNOME Human Interface Guidelines.[53]

[edit] Bookmarks

Bookmarks management and categorisation

While most browsers feature a hierarchical folder-based bookmark system, Epiphany uses categorized bookmarks, where a single bookmark (such as "Epiphany") can exist in multiple categories (such as "Web Browsers", "GNOME", and "Computer Software").[54] Special category includes bookmarks have not yet been categorized. Another innovative concept supported by Epiphany (though originally from Galeon)[3] is “smart bookmarks”. These take a single argument specified from the address bar or from a textbox in a toolbar.[4] Bookmarks along with browsing history are accessed from the address bar in find-as-you-type manner.[55]

[edit] Web Applications mode

Web application launcher
Wikipedia as desktop application

Since GNOME 3.2[56] Epiphany allows creating application launchers for web applications. The subsequent invocation of a launcher brings up an individual chromeless instance of Epiphany limited to that single domain, with the off-site links opening in a normal browser.[57] The launcher created this way is accessible from the desktop and is not limited to GNOME Shell. For instance it may be used with Unity, used on Ubuntu.[58] This feature facilitates the integration of the desktop and the Web, which is a goal of the Epiphany developers.[59] Similar features can be found in the Windows version of Google Chrome. For the same purpose Mozilla Foundation previously developed a standalone application Mozilla Prism, which was superseded by the project Chromeless.[60]

Currently the web applications are managed within Epiphany's main instance. The applications can be deleted from the page, accessible with a special URI about:applications. This approach is supposed to be a temporary solution until common GNOME-wide application management is implemented in GNOME 3.4.[20]

[edit] Modularity

Epiphany is extensible with a plugin system called Epiphany extensions. This package is distributed by the developers of Epiphany, containing official extensions. Though it adds some useful features (see the table below), it is often criticized for being too limited, specifically compared to Firefox extensions.[61]

Previously extensions could be written in either C or Python, but the Python support was dropped with WebKit adoption.[62]

Current list of Epiphany extensions include:[63][64]

Official Epiphany extensions
Actions Execute arbitrary commands from context menu
Ad Blocker Ad filtering[dated info]
Auto Reload Tab Reload a tab periodically
Certificates View the page certificate and manage the certificates
Gestures Perform actions with mouse gestures
Greasemonkey run user scripts to modify web pages' behavior
HTML5Tube View Youtube videos using WebKit's HTML5 media player
News Feed Subscription Subscribe to a news feed offered by the webpage in your favorite news reader
Push Scroll Drag the page on middle mouse click
Soup Fly A tool to debug the SoupSession WebKit uses
Tab Key Tab Navigate Use the Tab key to navigate between tabs
Tab States Indicates new content in background tabs

Several unofficial extensions exist, though most of them are not currently supported.[62][65]

[edit] System requirements

Being a component of GNOME desktop environment, Epiphany has neither software, nor hardware dependencies beyond the GNOME platform. Though the GNOME Project does not list the minimum system requirements, it states that GNOME 3 should run on any modern computer.[66]

Epiphany is only released as source code or with Linux distributions and BSDs making binary packages. Thus the availability of Epiphany depends on the distributor.[67] Epiphany can be run on many hardware platforms, including i386, amd64 and several other processor architectures.[8]

[edit] Reception

In reviewing the Webkit-powered Epiphany 2.28 in September 2009, Ryan Paul of Ars Technica said "Epiphany is quite snappy in GNOME 2.28 and scores 100/100 on the Acid3 test. Using WebKit will help differentiate Epiphany from Firefox, which is shipped as the default browser by most of the major Linux distributors."[18]

In reviewing Epiphany in July 2010 Jack Wallen described it as "efficient, but different" and noted its problem with crashes. "When I first started working with Epiphany it crashed on most sites I visited. After doing a little research (and then a little debugging) I realized the issue was with javascript. Epiphany (in its current release), for some strange reason, doesn’t like javascript. The only way around this was to disable javascript. Yes this means a lot of features won’t work on a lot of sites – but this also means those same sites will load faster and won’t be so prone to having issues (like crashing my browser)."[54] Wallen concluded positively about the browser, "Although Epiphany hasn’t fully replaced Chrome and Firefox as my one-stop-shop browser, I now use it much more than I would have previously.[54] [It has a] small footprint, fast startup, and clean interface."[54]

In March 2011 Veronica Henry reviewed Epiphany, saying "To be fair, this would be a hard sell as a primary desktop browser for most users. In fact, there isn’t even a setting to let you designate it as your default browser. But for those instance where you need to fire up a lighting-fast browser for quick surfing, Epiphany will do the trick."[61] She further noted, "Though I still use Firefox as my primary browser, lately it seems to run at a snail’s pace. So, one of the first things I noticed about Epiphany is how quickly it launches. And subsequent page loads on my system are equally as fast."[61] Henry criticized Epiphany for its short list of extensions, singling out the lack of Firebug as a deficiency.[61] Epiphany does, however, support the Web Inspector offered by the Webkit engine, which has similar functionality.[44]

[edit] See also

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[edit] References

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