Epworth sleepiness scale
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The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) is a scale intended to measure daytime sleepiness that is measured by use of a very short questionnaire. This can be helpful in diagnosing sleep disorders. It was introduced in 1991 by Dr Murray Johns of Epworth Hospital in Melbourne, Australia.[1]
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[edit] The questionnaire
The questionnaire asks the subject to rate his or her probability of falling asleep on a scale of increasing probability from 0 to 3 in eight different situations.[1] The scores for the eight questions are added to obtain a single number. A number in the range 0–9 is considered to be normal while a number in the range 10–24 is considered to indicate that specialist medical advice should be recommended.[1]
[edit] Calibration
The Epworth sleepiness scale has been validated primarily in obstructive sleep apnea. It is used to measure excessive daytime sleepiness and is repeated after the administration of treatment (e.g., CPAP) to document improvement of symptoms.[2] In narcolepsy, the Epworth sleepiness scale has both a high specificity (100%) and sensitivity (93.5%).[3]
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index is a related scoring tool of sleep quality. Both scores are internally highly reproducible.[4]
[edit] References
- ^ a b c Johns MW (1991). "A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale". Sleep 14 (6): 540–5. PMID 1798888.
- ^ Hardinge FM, Pitson DJ, Stradling JR (1995). "Use of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale to demonstrate response to treatment with nasal continuous positive airways pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea". Respir Med 89 (9): 617–20. doi:. PMID 7494915.
- ^ Johns, MW (March 2000). "Sensitivity and specificity of the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), the maintenance of wakefulness test and the epworth sleepiness scale: failure of the MSLT as a gold standard". Journal of Sleep Research 9 (1): 5–11. doi:. PMID 10733683. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/119047612/HTMLSTART. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
- ^ Knutson KL, Rathouz PJ, Yan LL, Liu K, Lauderdale DS (2006). "Stability of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Epworth Sleepiness Questionnaires over 1 year in early middle-aged adults: the CARDIA study". Sleep 29 (11): 1503–6. PMID 17162998.
