Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke
| Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke | |
|---|---|
 Ernst von Brücke. |
|
| Born | 6 July 1819 Berlin |
| Died | January 7, 1892 Vienna |
| Nationality | Germany |
| Fields | physiology |
| Known for | psychodynamics |
| Influenced | Sigmund Freud |
Ernst Wilhelm Ritter von Brücke (6 July 1819 - January 7 1892) was a German physician and physiologist. He is credited with contributions made in many facets of physiology.
He was born Ernst Wilhelm Brücke in Berlin. He graduated in medicine at University of Berlin in 1842, the following year he became esearch assistant to Johannes Peter Müller. In 1845 he founded the Physikalische Gesellschaft (Physical Society) in Berlin, together with Emil Du Bois-Reymond, Hermann von Helmholtz and others, in the house of physicist Heinrich Gustav Magnus. Later, this became the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft (German Society of Physics). In 1848 he was appointed as professor of physiology at the University of Königsberg, replacing Karl Friedrich Burdach (1776-1847). In 1849 he acquired similar duties at the University of Vienna.
He is noted for his influence on Sigmund Freud, one of his medical students, an influence that led to the development of the science of psychodynamics. Ernst Fleischl von Marxow (1846-1891), and Joseph Paneth (1857-1890), two colleagues of Freud, were also assistants to Brücke in Vienna.
Brücke is remembered for his research on the nature of cells, his work dealing with the physiology of language, his investigations on the effect of electricity on muscles and his studies of albumin, to name a few. His work in the science of optics was instrumental to Helmholtz's invention of the ophthalmoscope. He also made contributions in the fields of physics, plant physiology, microscopic anatomy and experimental physiology.
[edit] Notes
Regarding personal names: Ritter is a title, translated approximately as Knight, not a first or middle name. There is no equivalent female form.
[edit] Selected works
- Ueber die Bewegungen der Mimosa pudica. Archiv für Anatomie, Physiologie und wissenschaftliche Medicin: 434-455 (1848)
- Beiträge zur vergleichenden Anatomie und Physiologie des Gefässsystems. Denkschriften: Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 3: 335-367 (1852)
- Grundzüge der Physiologie und Systematik der Sprachlaute für Linguisten und Taubstummenlehrer. Wien: C. Gerold & Sohn (1856)
- Die Elementarorganismen. Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften 44: 381-406 (1861)
- Die Physiologie der Farben für die Zwecke der Kunstgewerbe. Leipzig: S. Hirzel (1866)
- Die physiologischen Grundlagen der neuhochdeutschen Verskunst. Wien: C. Gerold & Sohn (1871(
