Esophagitis
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| Esophagitis | |
|---|---|
| Classification and external resources | |
 Micrograph of herpes esophagitis. H&E stain. |
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| ICD-10 | K20 |
| ICD-9 | 530.10 |
| MedlinePlus | 001153 |
| MeSH | D004941 |
Esophagitis (or oesophagitis) is inflammation of the esophagus. It may be acute or chronic. Acute esophagitis can be catarrhal or phlegmonous, whereas chronic esophagitis may be hypertrophic or atrophic.
Contents |
Symptoms [edit]
- Heartburn (pain in chest/abdomen and may radiate to neck/jaw)
- Nausea
- Postprandial worsening of symptoms
Symptoms may be relieved by antacids
Causes [edit]
Infectious [edit]
Forms of infectious esophagitis are typically seen in immunocompromised people. Types include:
- Fungal
- Viral
Endoscopy can be used to distinguish among these conditions.[1]
Other [edit]
- The most common cause is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD, or GORD in British English). If caused by GERD, the disease is also called reflux esophagitis.
- Chemical injury by alkaline or acid solutions may also cause esophagitis, and is usually seen in children, as well as in adults who attempt suicide by ingestion of caustic substances[2]
- Physical injury resulting from radiation therapy or by nasogastric tubes may also be responsible.
- Hyperacidity.
- Alcohol abuse.
- Eosinophilic esophagitis is a little understood form of esophagitis, which is thought to be related to food allergies.
Grading of severity [edit]
The severity of esophagitis is commonly classified into four grades according to the Los Angeles Classification:[3][4]
| Grade A | One or more mucosal breaks < 5 mm in maximal length |
| Grade B | One or more mucosal breaks > 5mm, but without continuity across mucosal folds |
| Grade C | Mucosal breaks continuous between > 2 mucosal folds, but involving less than 75% of the esophageal circumference |
| Grade D | Mucosal breaks involving more than 75% of esophageal circumference |
References [edit]
- ^ Classen, Meinhard; Tytgat, Guido N. J.; Lightdale, Charles J. (2010). Gastroenterological Endoscopy. Thieme. p. 490. ISBN 978-3-13-125852-6.
- ^ Tierney, Lawrence M., Jr; McPhee, Stephen J.; Papadakis, Maxine A. (2007). Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2007 (46 ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-147247-9.
- ^ Farivar M. "Los Angeles Classification of Esophagitis". webgerd.com. In turn citing: Lundell LR, Dent J, Bennett JR, et al. (August 1999). "Endoscopic assessment of oesophagitis: clinical and functional correlates and further validation of the Los Angeles classification". Gut 45 (2): 172–80. PMC 1727604. PMID 10403727.
- ^ Laparoscopic bariatric surgery , Volyme 1. William B. Inabnet, Eric J. DeMaria, Sayeed Ikramuddin. ISBN 0-7817-4874-7.
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