Estoril
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- For the Estoril Circuit used by MotoGP and previously by F1, see Autódromo do Estoril
| Estoril | ||
| Civil Parish (Freguesia) | ||
 The beach of Tamariz, in the central coastal area of Estoril
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| Official name: Freguesia de Estoril | ||
| Country |  Portugal |
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| Region | Lisbon | |
| Subregion | Greater Lisbon | |
| District | Lisbon | |
| Municipality | Cascais | |
| Localities | Alapraia, Alto dos Gaios, Areias, Atibá, Galiza, Bairro da Martinha, Bairro Sto António, Bairro Fausto Figueiredo, Estoril, Livramento, Monte Estoril, Monte Leite, São João do Estoril, São Pedro do Estoril | |
| Center | Estoril | |
| Lowest point | Sea level | |
| - location | Atlantic Ocean | |
| - elevation | 0 m (0 ft) | |
| Length | 4.96 km (3 mi), Northwest-Southeast | |
| Width | 4.02 km (2 mi), Southwest-Northeast | |
| Population | 23,768 (2001) | |
| LAU | Freguesia/Junta Freguesia | |
| - location | Rua de Santa Rita, Estoril, Cascais | |
| - elevation | 24 m (79 ft) | |
| - coordinates | 38°42′13.06″N 9°23′29.01″W / 38.7036278°N 9.3913917°W | |
| President Junta | Luciano Gonçalves Mourão (PPD-PSD) | |
| President Assembleia | Manuel Basílio de Castro (PPD-PSD) | |
| Timezone | WET (UTC0) | |
| - summer (DST) | WEST (UTC+1) | |
| ISO 3166-2 code | PT- | |
| Postal Zone | 2765-281 Estoril | |
| Area Code & Prefix | (+351) 214 XX XX XX | |
| Demonym | Santo António | |
| Parish Address | Rua de Santa Rita, 45 2765-281 Estoril |
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| Wikimedia Commons: Estoril | ||
| Statistics: Instituto Nacional de Estatística[1] | ||
| Website: http://www.jf-estoril.pt/ | ||
| Geographic detail from CAOP (2010)[2] produced by Instituto Geográfico Português (IGP) | ||
Estoril (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɨʃtuˈɾiɫ]) is a civil parish of the Portuguese municipality of Cascais, in the central Lisbon. In 2001, the population of Estoril included 23,769 inhabitants, occupying an area of approximately 8.79 km².
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[edit] History
The territory of Estorial has been occupied for thousands of centuries, owing to its climatic conditions and favourable environment.[3] Throughout the civil parish there are scattered remains of these early communities; the Phonecians, Romans and Arabs selected this area for its strategic place in Western Europe.[3] There are remains of Roman villas in the parish, that extend the history of the region to the first millenium, when the settlements of the coast were dependent on the fishing ports. With these occupations, Estorial inherited a rich cultural patrimony, architecture, toponymy, habits and customs.[3]
In 1147, during the Reconquista, the region was finally brought under Christian control.[3]
Owing to its strategic place, the region was intimately linked to the Portuguese Age of Discovery, and all the dynamic social and cultural upheavals that it originated.[3]
Its solid fortifications are a testament to the innumerable attacks by Spanish, French and English pirates and privateers; the many forts that dot the barrier between land and sea are symbols the resistance and battles that secured Portuguese independence and national interests.[3]
At the end of the monarchy, it was in the waters of Estoril that many saught refuge and escape; aristocrats, nobles and other exiles escaped through the ports along the Estoril coast to escape the Republican forces.[3]
In the hilltop enclave of Monte Estoril (situated between Estoril and Cascais), is the Verdades-Faria Museum, built in 1917 by Jorge O'Neil.[3] In 1942, the building was bought by Mantero Belard and dedicated to the support of the arts and artists. Following his death, the building was donated to Cascais Council under the name of Verdades Faria and eventually housed the Regional Portuguese Music Museum.
During the Second World War the region was the centre of spies and diplomatic secracy, situations that provided the region with a cosmopolitan atmosphere and sophistication.[3] Due to the vision of Fausto Cardoso de Figueiredo and his business partner Augusto Carreira de Sousa, it became an international tourist destination both during and after the Second World War.[3] During this time several dignitaries and exiles came to Estoril: Miklós Horthy, the regent ofHungary (lived and died in exile after the Second World War); the Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona (father of Juan Carlos I of Spain) and the King resided in the territory, as did Umberto II of Italy and Carol II of Romania.[3] It was also in this location that former Portuguese dictator António de Oliveira Salazar had a summer house. It was Salazar who ordered the construction of the E.N.6 motorway, more commonly referred to as the Avenida Marginal, in order for him to quickly travel by car between Cascais and Lisbon (until then the accessway was nothing more then a dirt road, where traffic could only circulate at low velocities and making frequent stops).[3] The roadway permitted the dictator travel rapidly, and with less stops, it wasn't possible for him to be recognized easily in transit.[3]
[edit] Geography
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The Estoril coast is relatively close to Lisbon, the Portuguese capital; it extends from Carcavelos, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the capital, and stretches as far as the beach of Guincho (sometimes referred colloquially as the Costa de Estoril-Sintra or Costa de Lisboa. Estoril includes several smaller boroughs/localities along the coastline, namely (from east to west): São Pedro do Estoril, São João do Estoril, Santo António do Estoril (or simply Estoril) and Monte Estoril, as well as other to the interior.
Estoril is popularly recognized for the Casino Estoril.[3]
The area Cascais-Estoril is nowadays ranked as one of the most expensive places to live in Portugal.
[edit] Culture
The Verdades-Faria Museum hosts an important collection of musical instruments related to popular music, assembled by Michael Giacometti.
[edit] Sport
The major local sports club is the Grupo Desportivo Estoril-Praia.
Motorsport events are frequent at the Estoril Circuit, although Formula One is no longer on the circuit's calendar. This was due to the circuit not coming up to FIA safety standards, leading to the 1997 event being cancelled. Following a review on safety, Estoril was reshaped in 1999, the first two corners being affected the most. Today's circuit, is 4.183 km (2.599 mi) in length and is run in a clockwise fashion. The circuit currently hosts international motorcycling events (MotoGP), among other lower formula events.
[edit] References
- Notes
- ^ INE, ed. (2010) (in Portuguese), Censos 2011 - Resultadas Preliminares [2011 Census - Preliminary Results], Lisbon, Portugal: Instituto Nacional de Estatística, http://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_publicacoes&PUBLICACOESpub_boui=122114780&PUBLICACOESmodo=2, retrieved 1 July 2011
- ^ IGP, ed. (2010) (in Portuguese), Carta Administrativa Oficial de Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal: Instituto Geográfico Português, http://www.igeo.pt/produtos/cadastro/caop/download/Areas_Freg_Mun_Dist_CAOP2010.zip, retrieved 1 July 2011
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Junta Freguesia, ed. (2011). "História" (in Portuguese). Estoril (Cascais), Portugal: Junta Freguesia de Estoril. http://www.jf-estoril.pt/docs/Conteudos.asp?idConteudo=61&Lingua=Por. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
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