The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the 1686 treaty
The Eternal Peace Treaty of 1686 (Polish: Pokój wieczysty or Pokój Grzymułtowskiego, Russian: Вечный мир, Lithuanian: Amžinoji taika) was a treaty between Tsardom of Russia and Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, signed by Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth envoys: voivod of Poznań Krzysztof Grzymułtowski and chancellor (kanclerz) of Lithuania Marcjan Ogiński and Russian knyaz Vasily Vasilyevich Galitzine on May 6, 1686 in Moscow. These parties were moved to cooperate after a major geopolitical intervention in Ukraine on the part of the Ottoman Empire.[1]
The treaty confirmed the earlier Treaty of Andrusovo of 1667.[1] It consisted of a preamble and 33 articles. The treaty secured Russia's possession of Left-bank Ukraine plus the right-bank city of Kiev.[2] 146,000 rubles were to be paid to Poland as compensation for the loss of the Left Bank.[2] The region of Zaporizhian Sich, Siverian lands, cities of Chernihiv, Starodub, Smolensk and its outskirts were also ceded to Russia, while Poland retained Right-bank Ukraine. Both parties agreed not to sign a separate treaty with the Ottoman Empire.[2] By signing this treaty, Russia became a member of the anti-Turkish coalition, which comprised Poland, the Holy Roman Empire and Venice. Russia pledged to organize a military campaign against the Crimean Khanate, which led to the Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700).
The treaty was a major success for Russian diplomacy. Strongly opposed in Poland, it was not ratified until 1710.[2] In fact treaty has been never legally ratified.[3]According to Polish law treaty has not been confirmed by resolution of the Sejm until the time of the Convocation Sejm (1764).[4] It marked a turning point in Russo-Polish relations and played a big part in the struggle of Eastern European peoples against the Turkish-Tatar aggression.[citation needed] Subsequently, it facilitated Russia's struggle with Sweden for access to the Baltic Sea.[citation needed]
The borders between Russia and the Commonwealth established by the treaty remained in effect until the late 18th century Partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.[1]
[edit] References
- ^ a b c Ariel Cohen (1998). Russian Imperialism: Development and Crisis. Greenwood Publishing. p. 43. ISBN 9780275964818. http://books.google.com/books?id=Ey63iJcVvbMC&pg=PA43&dq=Eternal+Peace+Treaty+1686+partitions&cd=3#v=onepage&q=&f=false.
- ^ a b c d Jerzy Jan Lerski, Piotr Wróbel, Richard J. Kozicki (1996). Historical dictionary of Poland, 966-1945. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 183. ISBN 9780313260070. http://books.google.com/books?id=S6aUBuWPqywC&pg=PA183&dq=Eternal+Peace+Treaty+1686&cd=7#v=onepage&q=Eternal%20Peace%20Treaty%201686&f=false.
- ^ Eugeniusz Romer, O wschodniej granicy Polski z przed 1772 r., w: Księga Pamiątkowa ku czci Oswalda Balzera, t. II, Lwów 1925, s. [355].
- ^ Jacek Staszewski, August II Mocny, Wrocław 1998, p. 100.
[edit] See also
