Ethnic flag

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An ethnic flag is a flag that symbolizes a certain ethnic group. Ethnic flags are often introduced to the ethnic community through the respective cultural or political ethnic movements. In many cases, they have ancient origins, or, at least, they are inspired by symbols rooted in historical and cultural tradition of a people.

They are popular among ethnic minorities and some ethnic majorities, especially in multiethnic countries.

An ethnic flag can be either recognized or not by the central government. Some ethnic flags are banned by the central governments of sovereign states because they also serve as the flags of separatist groups, or groups perceived as such by the prevailing authorities.

Contents

[edit] Northern Africa, Arabian Peninsula and Fertile Crescent

Berbers or Imazighen[1] (North Africa)
Berbers or Imazighen[1] (North Africa)
Copts (Egypt) "The Coptic flag, created in 2005, is not officially recognised by the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, but it is commonly accepted by Coptic community as a representative symbol of its identity".
Copts (Egypt)
"The Coptic flag, created in 2005, is not officially recognised by the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, but it is commonly accepted by Coptic community as a representative symbol of its identity".
Fur (Darfur)
Fur (Darfur)
Dinka or Jieng (Southern Sudan)
Dinka or Jieng (Southern Sudan)
Arabs (Arab World)[note 1]
Arabs (Arab World)[note 1]
Palestinians (Palestine)
Palestinians (Palestine)
Druze[note 2] (Syria, Lebanon, Israel and Jordan)
Druze[note 2] (Syria, Lebanon, Israel and Jordan)
Jews (Israel and countries of the diaspora)
Jews (Israel and countries of the diaspora)
Assyrians (Assyria) "The Assyrian flag was designed by George Atanos in 1968. The flag has a white background with a golden circle at the center (which represents the sun), surrounded by a four-pointed blue star (which symbolizes the land). Four triple wavy stripes start from the center and represent the three major rivers of the Assyrian territory: the Tigris, the Euphrates and the Great Zab".
Assyrians (Assyria)
"The Assyrian flag was designed by George Atanos in 1968. The flag has a white background with a golden circle at the center (which represents the sun), surrounded by a four-pointed blue star (which symbolizes the land). Four triple wavy stripes start from the center and represent the three major rivers of the Assyrian territory: the Tigris, the Euphrates and the Great Zab".
Aramaic-Syriacs (Middle East) "The flag chosen by the Aramaeanist faction to represent the Syriac nation is based upon a relief retrieved in Tell Halaf representing a winged sun disk. In the flag, the sun was replaced by a flame symbolizing the Holy Spirit".
Aramaic-Syriacs (Middle East)
"The flag chosen by the Aramaeanist faction to represent the Syriac nation is based upon a relief retrieved in Tell Halaf representing a winged sun disk. In the flag, the sun was replaced by a flame symbolizing the Holy Spirit".
Chaldeans (Middle East)
Chaldeans (Middle East)

[edit] Horn of Africa

Somalis[2] (Somalia, Ogaden, Northern Frontier District and Djibouti)
Somalis[2] (Somalia, Ogaden, Northern Frontier District and Djibouti)
Amhara[3] (Amhara Region)
Amhara[3] (Amhara Region)
Afar[4] (Afar Region)
Afar[4] (Afar Region)
Harari[5] (Harari Region)
Harari[5] (Harari Region)
Oromo[6] (Oromia Region, Northern Frontier District and Somalia)
Oromo[6] (Oromia Region, Northern Frontier District and Somalia)
Tigray[7] (Tigray Region)
Tigray[7] (Tigray Region)

[edit] Eastern, Central and Western Africa

BaKonjo and BaAmba[8] (Rwenzururu)
BaKonjo and BaAmba[8] (Rwenzururu)
Maasai (Kenya and Tanzania)
Maasai (Kenya and Tanzania)
Bamileke (Cameroon)
Bamileke (Cameroon)
Bubis (Otcho or Bioko Island)
Bubis (Otcho or Bioko Island)
Ashanti[9] (Ashanti Region)
Ashanti[9] (Ashanti Region)
Ewe (Ghana, Togo and Benin)
Ewe (Ghana, Togo and Benin)
Ogoni (Rivers State)
Ogoni (Rivers State)
Igbo people[10] (Igboland)
Igbo people[10] (Igboland)

[edit] Southern Africa

Swazi (Swaziland, South Africa, and Mozambique)
Swazi (Swaziland, South Africa, and Mozambique)
Basotho (Lesotho and South Africa)
Basotho (Lesotho and South Africa)
Afrikaners/Boers[11] (South Africa)
Afrikaners/Boers[11] (South Africa)

[edit] North America

Anishinaabe people (Canada and United States).
Anishinaabe people (Canada and United States).
Danes of Greenland[citation needed]
Danes of Greenland[citation needed]
Inuit people of Nunavut (Nunavut, Canada)
Inuit people of Nunavut (Nunavut, Canada)
Inuit people of Greenland (Greenland)
Inuit people of Greenland (Greenland)
Haida (British Columbia, Canada)
Haida (British Columbia, Canada)
Mi'kmaq (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Labrador, and Quebec, Canada and Maine, United States)
Mi'kmaq (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Labrador, and Quebec, Canada and Maine, United States)
Natuaqanek (Eel Ground) First Nation of the Mi'kmaq (New Brunswick, Canada)
Natuaqanek (Eel Ground) First Nation of the Mi'kmaq (New Brunswick, Canada)
Quebecois, Canada
Quebecois, Canada
Iroquois (New York, United States)
Iroquois (New York, United States)
Crow Tribe (Montana, United States)
Crow Tribe (Montana, United States)
Northern Cheyenne Tribe of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation (Montana, United States)
Northern Cheyenne Tribe of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation (Montana, United States)
Blackfeet Tribe of the Blackfeet Indian Reservation (Montana, United States)
Blackfeet Tribe of the Blackfeet Indian Reservation (Montana, United States)
Arapaho Tribe of the Wind River Reservation (Wyoming, United States)
Arapaho Tribe of the Wind River Reservation (Wyoming, United States)
Oglala Sioux Tribe of the Pine Ridge Reservation (South Dakota, United States)
Oglala Sioux Tribe of the Pine Ridge Reservation (South Dakota, United States)
Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa (Iowa, United States)
Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa (Iowa, United States)
Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma (Oklahoma, United States)
Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma (Oklahoma, United States)
Cherokees (Oklahoma, United States)
Cherokees (Oklahoma, United States)
Navajo (Arizona, New Mexico & Utah, United States)
Navajo (Arizona, New Mexico & Utah, United States)
Cajun flag[12] (United States)
Cajun flag[12] (United States)
Vietnamese Americans (United States)
Vietnamese Americans (United States)
Mulattos[13] (United States, Hispanic America and Brazil)
Mulattos[13] (United States, Hispanic America and Brazil)
Flag of Hispanic America including also North American Hispanic Americans (Hispanic America and United States)
Flag of Hispanic America including also North American Hispanic Americans (Hispanic America and United States)
Cross of Burgundy flag used by Criollos (Euro-Hispanic Americans (including White Hispanic and Latino Americans of the United States)) (Majority in Argentina, Uruguay, and Costa Rica and significant minority in Chile, Bolivia and other Hispanic nations) (Hispanic America and United States)[citation needed]
Cross of Burgundy flag used by Criollos (Euro-Hispanic Americans (including White Hispanic and Latino Americans of the United States)) (Majority in Argentina, Uruguay, and Costa Rica and significant minority in Chile, Bolivia and other Hispanic nations) (Hispanic America and United States)[citation needed]
Flag of African-Americans[12] (United States)
Flag of African-Americans[12]
(United States)

[edit] Central America and Caribbean

Flag of Maya (Mexico, Guatemala)
Flag of Maya (Mexico, Guatemala)
Flag of the Jatibonicu Taíno Tribal Nation of Borikén (Puerto Rico)
Flag of the Jatibonicu Taíno Tribal Nation of Borikén (Puerto Rico)
Garifuna (Honduras, Belize, Guatemala)
Garifuna (Honduras, Belize, Guatemala)
Kuna (Panama, Colombia)
Kuna (Panama, Colombia)

[edit] South America

Indigenous peoples in Colombia[14]
Indigenous peoples in Colombia[14]
Quechua[15] (Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador)
Quechua[15] (Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador)
Aymara (Bolivia, Peru, Chile and Argentina)
Aymara (Bolivia, Peru, Chile and Argentina)
Mapuche[16] (Chile and Argentina)
Mapuche[16] (Chile and Argentina)

[edit] Northern, Central and Eastern Asia

Tuvans[17] (Tuva)
Tuvans[17] (Tuva)
Buryats (Buryatia, Russia)
Buryats (Buryatia, Russia)
Yakuts or Sakha (Sakha Republic)[citation needed]
Yakuts or Sakha (Sakha Republic)[citation needed]
Li and Miao[18] (Hainan)
Li and Miao[18] (Hainan)
Ainu people[19] (Hokkaidō, Kuril Islands and Sakhalin)
Ainu people[19] (Hokkaidō, Kuril Islands and Sakhalin)
Salars (Xunhua Salar Autonomous County, Qinghai, China)
Salars (Xunhua Salar Autonomous County, Qinghai, China)

[edit] Southern Asia

Iraqi Turkmens[20] (Turkmeneli)
Iraqi Turkmens[20] (Turkmeneli)
Zazas[21] (Turkey)
Zazas[21] (Turkey)
Kurds (Kurdistan)
Kurds (Kurdistan)
Azerbaijanis of Southern Azarbaijan[22]
Azerbaijanis of Southern Azarbaijan[22]
Khuzestani Arabs[23] (Khuzestan)
Khuzestani Arabs[23] (Khuzestan)
Pashtuns (Pashtunistan)[citation needed]
Pashtuns (Pashtunistan)[citation needed]
Balochis[24] (Balochistan)
Balochis[24] (Balochistan)
Sindhis[note 3] (Sindh and West India)[citation needed]
Sindhis[note 3] (Sindh and West India)[citation needed]
Hindu Sindhis[25] (Sindh and West India)
Hindu Sindhis[25] (Sindh and West India)
Burusho-Hunzakuts[26] (Hunza)
Burusho-Hunzakuts[26] (Hunza)
Kashmiris (Kashmir and Jammu) "This is the flag of Jammu and Kashmir and the ethnic flag of the Kashmiris[citation needed]. The flag depicts a swan in the Garden of Shalimar. The three vertical bars represent the three major religions of Kashmir (Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism)[citation needed] and signify peace and equality between them".
Kashmiris (Kashmir and Jammu)
"This is the flag of Jammu and Kashmir and the ethnic flag of the Kashmiris[citation needed]. The flag depicts a swan in the Garden of Shalimar. The three vertical bars represent the three major religions of Kashmir (Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism)[citation needed] and signify peace and equality between them".
Ladakhis[27] (Ladakh)
Ladakhis[27] (Ladakh)
Muhajir people (Pakistan)
Muhajir people (Pakistan)
Chagossians or Îlois[28] (Chagos Islands and Mauritius)
Chagossians or Îlois[28] (Chagos Islands and Mauritius)
Tamils of Tamil Nadu and Tamils of Eelam[note 4]
Tamils of Tamil Nadu and Tamils of Eelam[note 4]
Bodos (Bodoland)
Bodos (Bodoland)
Bnei Menashe (Manipur, Mizoram, Chin State, Southern Sagaing Division and Chittagong Division)[note 5]
Bnei Menashe (Manipur, Mizoram, Chin State, Southern Sagaing Division and Chittagong Division)[note 5]

[edit] Southeastern Asia

Akha[29] (China,[note 6] Burma, Laos and Northern Thailand)
Akha[29] (China,[note 6] Burma, Laos and Northern Thailand)
Khmer Krom[30] (Mekong Delta)
Khmer Krom[30] (Mekong Delta)
Acehnese people[31] (Aceh)
Acehnese people[31] (Aceh)

[edit] Melanesia

Kanak[32] (Kanaky)
Kanak[32] (Kanaky)

[edit] Australasia and Polynesia

Australian Aborigines (Australia) "The Australian Aboriginal flag, created by Harold Thomas in 1971, was first flown as a symbol of protest, becoming then the emblem of the Indigenous peoples of Australia. In 1995 (and then in 2008), this flag was officially recognized and proclaimed as one of the national flags of Australia under the Flags Act 1953.[33] Each color has a peculiar symbolism: black represents the people, red represents the land and the yellow disc represents the Sun[34]".
Australian Aborigines (Australia)
"The Australian Aboriginal flag, created by Harold Thomas in 1971, was first flown as a symbol of protest, becoming then the emblem of the Indigenous peoples of Australia. In 1995 (and then in 2008), this flag was officially recognized and proclaimed as one of the national flags of Australia under the Flags Act 1953.[33] Each color has a peculiar symbolism: black represents the people, red represents the land and the yellow disc represents the Sun[34]".
Maori (New Zealand)
Maori (New Zealand)
Moriori of Chatham Islands[35]".
Moriori of Chatham Islands[35]".
Native Hawaiians or Kanaka Maoli[36] (Hawaii)
Native Hawaiians or Kanaka Maoli[36] (Hawaii)
Tahitians and some other Indigenous Peoples of French Polynesia
Tahitians and some other Indigenous Peoples of French Polynesia
Indigenous Peoples of Austral Islands
Indigenous Peoples of Austral Islands
Indigenous Peoples of Marquesas Islands
Indigenous Peoples of Marquesas Islands
Rapanui (Easter Island)
Rapanui (Easter Island)

[edit] Northern Europe

Faroese (Faroe Islands)
Faroese (Faroe Islands)
Orcadians (Orkney Islands)
Orcadians (Orkney Islands)
Shetlanders (Shetland)
Shetlanders (Shetland)
Scots (Scotland)
Scots (Scotland)
Irish (Island of Ireland)
Irish (Island of Ireland)
Welsh or Cymry (Wales or Cymru)
Welsh or Cymry (Wales or Cymru)
Cornish [37] (Cornwall)
Cornish [37] (Cornwall)
Manx (Isle of Man)
Manx (Isle of Man)
Bretons [37] (Brittany)
Bretons [37] (Brittany)
Normans[38] (Normandy)
Normans[38] (Normandy)
Walloons (Wallonia)
Walloons (Wallonia)
Flemish (Flanders)
Flemish (Flanders)
West Frisians (Friesland and Province of Groningen)
West Frisians (Friesland and Province of Groningen)
East Frisians (East Frisia)
East Frisians (East Frisia)
North Frisians (North Frisia)
North Frisians (North Frisia)
"The Inter-Frisian Flag (Ynterfryske Flagge), not accepted by the Inter-Frisian Council, was launched by the Groep fan Auwerk to represent the four regions make up Frisia: Friesland and the Province of Groningen in the Netherlands and East Frisia and North Frisia in Germany".
"The Inter-Frisian Flag (Ynterfryske Flagge), not accepted by the Inter-Frisian Council, was launched by the Groep fan Auwerk to represent the four regions make up Frisia: Friesland and the Province of Groningen in the Netherlands and East Frisia and North Frisia in Germany".
English (England)
English (England)
Germans of Northern Schleswig[citation needed]
Germans of Northern Schleswig[citation needed]
Danes of Southern Schleswig[citation needed]
Danes of Southern Schleswig[citation needed]
Finland-Swedes[39] (Åland Islands, Ostrobothnia, Uusimaa and Eastern Uusimaa)
Finland-Swedes[39] (Åland Islands, Ostrobothnia, Uusimaa and Eastern Uusimaa)
Sweden-Finns (Eastern Svealand)
Sweden-Finns (Eastern Svealand)
Sami people[37] (Sápmi) "The Sami flag, inaugurated during the 13th Nordic Sami Conference in Åre, Sweden, on 15 August 1986, was created by Astrid Båhl. It is based upon a previous project by Synnøve Persenthe and upon the poem "Paiven parneh" ("Sons of the Sun"), written by Anders Fjellner, describing the Sami as sons and daughters of the sun".
Sami people[37] (Sápmi)
"The Sami flag, inaugurated during the 13th Nordic Sami Conference in Åre, Sweden, on 15 August 1986, was created by Astrid Båhl. It is based upon a previous project by Synnøve Persenthe and upon the poem "Paiven parneh" ("Sons of the Sun"), written by Anders Fjellner, describing the Sami as sons and daughters of the sun".
Tornedalians[40] (Meänmaa)
Tornedalians[40] (Meänmaa)
Karelians[41][42] (Karelia, Tver Oblast and Novgorod Oblast)
Karelians[41][42] (Karelia, Tver Oblast and Novgorod Oblast)
Veps[43] (Karelia, Ingria and Vologda Oblast)
Veps[43] (Karelia, Ingria and Vologda Oblast)
Ingrian Finns[44][45] and Izhorians[citation needed] (Ingria)
Ingrian Finns[44][45] and Izhorians[citation needed] (Ingria)
Votes[46] (Ingria and Estonia)
Votes[46] (Ingria and Estonia)
Setos[47] (Setomaa)
Setos[47] (Setomaa)
Võros (Võrumaa)
Võros (Võrumaa)
Livonians[48] (Livonia and Curlandia)
Livonians[48] (Livonia and Curlandia)

[edit] Central Europe

Germans of Belgium[49] (Eastern part of the province of Liège)
Germans of Belgium[49] (Eastern part of the province of Liège)
Luxembourgers (Luxembourg, Belgium, France and Germany) "The Red Lion is the Civil Ensign of the Gran Duchy of Luxemburg. In 2006, the banner was proposed as the new national flag.[50] On 6 July 2007, the Government of Luxembourg refused the proposal, but, at the same time, established the equal status of this flag and the Official Tricolor. Instead, in the Belgian province of Luxemburg, the Red Lion has not an official status, but it (with a different shade of blue) is of common use: it is used even by the Provincial Council[51] on public buildings or in official occurrences".
Luxembourgers (Luxembourg, Belgium, France and Germany)
"The Red Lion is the Civil Ensign of the Gran Duchy of Luxemburg. In 2006, the banner was proposed as the new national flag.[50] On 6 July 2007, the Government of Luxembourg refused the proposal, but, at the same time, established the equal status of this flag and the Official Tricolor. Instead, in the Belgian province of Luxemburg, the Red Lion has not an official status, but it (with a different shade of blue) is of common use: it is used even by the Provincial Council[51] on public buildings or in official occurrences".
Alsatians (Alsace)[citation needed]
Alsatians (Alsace)[citation needed]
Tyroleans of South Tyrol
Tyroleans of South Tyrol
Kashubians[37] (Pomerelia)
Kashubians[37] (Pomerelia)
Sorbs[32] (Lusatia)
Sorbs[32] (Lusatia)
Silesians (Silesia)[citation needed]
Silesians (Silesia)[citation needed]
Moravians (Moravia)[citation needed]
Moravians (Moravia)[citation needed]

[edit] Southwestern Europe

Canarians[52] (Canary Islands)
Canarians[52] (Canary Islands)
Galicians (Galicia)
Galicians (Galicia)
Asturians (Asturias)
Asturians (Asturias)
Basques (Basque Country, Navarre and Iparralde)
Basques (Basque Country, Navarre and Iparralde)
Castilians (Castile, La Mancha and La Rioja)[citation needed]
Castilians (Castile, La Mancha and La Rioja)[citation needed]
Aragonese[53] (Aragon)
Aragonese[53] (Aragon)
Valencians (Valencian Community and El Carche)
Valencians (Valencian Community and El Carche)
Balearics (Balearic Islands)
Balearics (Balearic Islands)
Catalans (Catalonia, La Franja and Northern Catalonia)
Catalans (Catalonia, La Franja and Northern Catalonia)
Occitans[54] (Occitania)
Occitans[54] (Occitania)
Sardinians[55] (Sardinia)
Sardinians[55] (Sardinia)
Corsicans (Corsica)
Corsicans (Corsica)
Arpitans[55] (Arpitania)
Arpitans[55] (Arpitania)
Savoyards (Savoy)
Savoyards (Savoy)
Ladins[55] (Some valleys in Northeastern Italy)
Ladins[55] (Some valleys in Northeastern Italy)
Friulians [55] (Friuli)
Friulians [55] (Friuli)
Venetians (Veneto)
Venetians (Veneto)
Sicilians[56][57] (Sicily)
Sicilians[56][57] (Sicily)
Maltese (Malta)
Maltese (Malta)

[edit] Southeastern Europe

[58]

Serbs of Croatia
Serbs of Croatia
Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosniaks of Bosnia and Herzegovina “Crescent and Fleur-de-lis are considered symbols of Bosniak People.[59] The use of the Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992-1998) as Bosniak ethnic flag[60] is not exclusive: in fact, there are at least other two banners (1, 2) which are reported (improperly, in the second case) as Bosniak ethnic flags.[61]”
Bosniaks of Bosnia and Herzegovina
“Crescent and Fleur-de-lis are considered symbols of Bosniak People.[59] The use of the Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992-1998) as Bosniak ethnic flag[60] is not exclusive: in fact, there are at least other two banners (1, 2) which are reported (improperly, in the second case) as Bosniak ethnic flags.[61]”
Bosniaks of Sandžak[62]
Bosniaks of Sandžak[62]
Albanians (Albania, Kosovo, Western part of the Republic of Macedonia, Epirus[63] and Arbëria)
Albanians (Albania, Kosovo, Western part of the Republic of Macedonia, Epirus[63] and Arbëria)
Greeks (Greece)
Greeks (Greece)
Greeks of Northern Epirus[citation needed]
Greeks of Northern Epirus[citation needed]
Greek-Cypriots (Cyprus)
Greek-Cypriots (Cyprus)
Slavomacedonians (Republic of Macedonia)
Slavomacedonians (Republic of Macedonia)

[edit] Eastern Europe, Caucasia and Anatolia

Rusyns[64] (Carpathian Ruthenia)
Rusyns[64] (Carpathian Ruthenia)
Gagauzes (Gagauzia)[citation needed]
Gagauzes (Gagauzia)[citation needed]
Crimean Tatars[65] (Crimea, Turkey, Uzbekistan and Dobruja)
Crimean Tatars[65] (Crimea, Turkey, Uzbekistan and Dobruja)
Lipka Tatars (Belarus, Lithuania and Poland)[citation needed]
Lipka Tatars (Belarus, Lithuania and Poland)[citation needed]
Erzyans[66] (Mordovia, Samara Oblast and Tataristan)
Erzyans[66] (Mordovia, Samara Oblast and Tataristan)
Chuvashes (Chuvashia)
Chuvashes (Chuvashia)
Volga Tatars (Tatarstan and the historical region of Idel-Ural; Ryazan Oblast, Tambov Oblast, Astrakhan Oblast Kazakistan and Central Asia)
Volga Tatars (Tatarstan and the historical region of Idel-Ural; Ryazan Oblast, Tambov Oblast, Astrakhan Oblast Kazakistan and Central Asia)
Bashkirs (Bashkortostan, Chelyabinsk Oblast and Orenburg Oblast)
Bashkirs (Bashkortostan, Chelyabinsk Oblast and Orenburg Oblast)
Adyghe, Cherkes and Kabardins[67] (Adyghea, Karachay–Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Krasnodar Krai, Turkey and Middle East)
Adyghe, Cherkes and Kabardins[67] (Adyghea, Karachay–Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Krasnodar Krai, Turkey and Middle East)
Abazins (Abazinia)
Abazins (Abazinia)
Abkhazians[68] (Abkhazia and Turkey)
Abkhazians[68] (Abkhazia and Turkey)
Balkars (Kabardino-Balkaria)
Balkars (Kabardino-Balkaria)
Karachays (Karachay–Cherkessia)[citation needed]
Karachays (Karachay–Cherkessia)[citation needed]
Ossetians (South Ossetia and North Ossetia–Alania)
Ossetians (South Ossetia and North Ossetia–Alania)
Ingush (Ingushetia, Eastern part of Prigorodny District, Chechnya and Turkey)
Ingush (Ingushetia, Eastern part of Prigorodny District, Chechnya and Turkey)
Chechens (Chechnya, Ingushetia and Dagestan)
Chechens (Chechnya, Ingushetia and Dagestan)
Kalmyks (Kalmykia)
Kalmyks (Kalmykia)
Nogais[69] (Dagestan, Chechnya, Stavropol Krai, Astrakhan Oblast and Turkey)
Nogais[69] (Dagestan, Chechnya, Stavropol Krai, Astrakhan Oblast and Turkey)
Kumyks[70] (Dagestan)
Kumyks[70] (Dagestan)
Lezgins[71] (Dagestan and Azerbaijan)
Lezgins[71] (Dagestan and Azerbaijan)
Meskhetians[72] (Samtskhe-Javakheti, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Krasnodar Krai, Turkey and Kyrgyzstan)
Meskhetians[72] (Samtskhe-Javakheti, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Krasnodar Krai, Turkey and Kyrgyzstan)
Adjarians[73] (Adjaria, Guria, Kvemo Kartli, Kakheti and Northeastern Turkey)
Adjarians[73] (Adjaria, Guria, Kvemo Kartli, Kakheti and Northeastern Turkey)
Greeks of Pontus[citation needed]
Greeks of Pontus[citation needed]
Romani people[37] (Europe and Brazil) “The Romani flag (O Styago le Romengo), approved during the first World Romani Congress, was created by the General Union of the Roma of Romania (Uniunea Generala a Romilor din Romania), in 1933. The flag contains a red Chakra, in the centre, representing the migratory heritage of the Romani people”.
Romani people[37] (Europe and Brazil)
“The Romani flag (O Styago le Romengo), approved during the first World Romani Congress, was created by the General Union of the Roma of Romania (Uniunea Generala a Romilor din Romania), in 1933. The flag contains a red Chakra, in the centre, representing the migratory heritage of the Romani people”.

[edit] See also

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ This is the flag of the Arab Revolt.
  2. ^ To be precise, the Druze are a religious and cultural group rather than a distinct ethnic group.
  3. ^ See also the concept of Sindhudesh.
  4. ^ This is the flag adopted by the World Tamil Confederation to represent Tamil people.
  5. ^ This is just one of several flags used by groups that make up this macro-group.
  6. ^ Akha are considered part of the Hani by the government of People's Republic of China, though this is a subject of some dispute among the Akha themselves.

[edit] Citations

  1. ^ "Berbers". Flags of the World. April 24, 2009. http://www.fotw.net/flags/xb.html. Retrieved April 24, 2010. 
  2. ^ "History of the flag". Flags of the World. June 26, 2006. http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/so.html#history. Retrieved April 25, 2010.  The Flag of Somalia, created by Mohammed Awale Liban, was designed to represent pan-Somali territories.
  3. ^ "Amhara (Ethiopia)". Flags of the World. September 13, 2003. http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/et-am.html. Retrieved October 25, 2010. 
  4. ^ "Afar (Ethiopia)". Flags of the World. September 13, 2003. http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/et-af.html. Retrieved October 25, 2010. 
  5. ^ "Harari (Ethiopia)". Flags of the World. June 24, 2006. http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/et-ha.html. Retrieved October 25, 2010. 
  6. ^ "Oromo traditional colours". Flags of the World. May 29, 2003. http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/et-or.html#oromo. Retrieved June 30, 2010. 
  7. ^ "Tigray (Ethiopia)". Flags of the World. April 29, 2004. http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/et-ti.html. Retrieved October 25, 2010. 
  8. ^ "Bakonjo People". Flags of the World. July 12, 2008. http://www.fotw.us/flags/ug-bakon.html. Retrieved April 24, 2010. 
  9. ^ "Ashanti People". Flags of the World. November 4, 2006. http://www.fotw.us/flags/gh_asa.html. Retrieved April 24, 2010. 
  10. ^ Minahan, James (2002). Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: S-Z. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 762. ISBN 0-313-32384-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=K94wQ9MF2JsC&pg=PA762. Retrieved June 3, 2010. 
  11. ^ "Afrikaner". Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. http://www.unpo.org/content/view/8148/247/. Retrieved June 30, 2010. 
  12. ^ a b Znamierowski, p236
  13. ^ Miller, Richard. "From History to Destiny". The Mulatto People. Archived from the original on February 15, 2001. http://web.archive.org/web/20010215233416/http://internettrash.com/users/mulatto/histdest.htm. Retrieved April 22, 2010. 
  14. ^ "Native Peoples of Colombia". Flags of the World. July 3, 2009. http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/co-nativ.html#ind. Retrieved July 9, 2010.  According to FOTW, this flag represent primarily the Guambiano or Misak tribe, but it also represents Native peoples of Southwestern Colombia.
  15. ^ "Inca (Quechua/Aymara) people". Flags of the World. June 16, 2007. http://www.fotw.us/flags/xi.html. Retrieved April 23, 2010.  The term Wiphala is refrered to flags of Inca origin, today used by the Native Andean peoples to represent themselves.
  16. ^ "Mapuche". Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. http://www.unpo.org/content/view/7895/127/. Retrieved July 9, 2010. 
  17. ^ "Tuva". Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. http://www.unpo.org/content/view/7910/150/. Retrieved June 15, 2010. 
  18. ^ "Hainan". Flags of the World. February 10, 2007. http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/cn-haina.html. Retrieved June 18, 2010. 
  19. ^ Poisson, Barbara Aoki (2002). The Ainu of Japan. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications. ISBN 978-0822-54176-9. 
  20. ^ "Iraqi Turkmen". Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. http://www.unpo.org/content/view/7878/117/. Retrieved June 18, 2010. 
  21. ^ "Zazaistan". Flags of the World. April 24, 2009. http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/tr-zaz.html. Retrieved June 19, 2010.  FOTW shows this banner as the alleged flag of Zazas. Moreover, according to an article published in Le Monde, signed by Lucien Philippe, the site states that the flag has been used in several ethnic riots until 1980. Finally FOTW shows other three flags that are not supported by any source definable as reliable.
  22. ^ Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  23. ^ "Ahwazi". Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. http://www.unpo.org/content/view/7857/91/. Retrieved July 1, 2010. 
  24. ^ "Flag of the Baloch people". Flags of the World. April 25, 2008. http://www.fotw.us/flags/pk-bal.html#use. Retrieved March 27, 2010.  There are different variants of the flag used by Baloch independentists to represent their people.
  25. ^ Smith, Whitney (1975), Flags:Through The Ages And Around The World, New York: McGraw Hill, pp. 303, ISBN 0-070-59093-1 . On this book, the ethnic flag of the Sindhis is shown as being a banner with no insignia whatsoever that is completely colored plain goldenrod. According to FOTW the goldenrod (or saffron) flag represents Hindu Sindhis only.
  26. ^ "Hunza". Flags of the World. June 7, 2008. http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/pk-hunza.html. Retrieved June 19, 2010. 
  27. ^ "Ladakh". Flags of the World. February 14, 2007. http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/in-ladak.html. Retrieved June 16, 2010. 
  28. ^ "Chagossians at UNO". chagos.org. January 30, 2003. http://www.chagos.org/onu.htm. Retrieved June 20, 2010. 
  29. ^ "Akha People". Flags of the World. August 9, 2008. http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/th%7Dakha.html. Retrieved June 23, 2010. 
  30. ^ "Khmer Krom". Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. http://www.unpo.org/content/view/7887/120/. Retrieved June 23, 2010. 
  31. ^ "Free Aceh Movement". Flags of the World. December 13, 2008. http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/id-aceh.html. Retrieved June 23, 2010. 
  32. ^ a b Znamierowski, p238
  33. ^ "Proclamation under the Flags Act 1953". ComLaw - Commonwealth of Australia Law. January 25, 2008. http://www.comlaw.gov.au/ComLaw/Legislation/LegislativeInstrument1.nsf/0/F00F4057117F9290CA2573DB0010EE24/$file/0800851A080114Z.pdf. Retrieved April 20, 2010. 
  34. ^ "Harold Thomas – Creator of the Aboriginal Flag". ABC Online. May 23, 2002. http://www.abc.net.au/dimensions/dimensions_in_time/Transcripts/s513731.htm. Retrieved April 20, 2010. 
  35. ^ "Denise Davis: Moriori. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand". Solomon, Māui. http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/NewZealanders/MaoriNewZealanders/Moriori/en. Retrieved June 9, 2006. 
  36. ^ "'Original' flag raises debate". Honolulu Advertiser. February 12, 2001. http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/2001/Feb/12/212localnews29.html. Retrieved April 17, 2010. 
  37. ^ a b c d e Znamierowski, p237
  38. ^ "Mouvement Normand". Flags of the World. June 14, 2003. http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fr%7Dmnorm.html. Retrieved June 9, 2010. 
  39. ^ "Svenska Brevmärken 1922 (Swedish)". Svenska Centralarkivet. http://www.svenskacentralarkivet.fi/Brevmarken.html. Retrieved April 5, 2010.  The flag of Finland-Swedes appears on some stamps issued by the Swedish People's Party in 1922.
  40. ^ "Meänkieliset ottavat käyttöön Meän maan lipun (Finnish)". Kaleva Online. July 13, 2007. http://www.kaleva.fi/plus/index.cfm?j=668557. Retrieved June 9, 2010. 
  41. ^ "East Karelia". Flags of the World. September 12, 2009. http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ru-10h2.html. Retrieved June 8, 2010. 
  42. ^ "Lyydi people". Flags of the World. September 12, 2009. http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ru-lyyd.html. Retrieved June 8, 2010. 
  43. ^ "Vepsia". Flags of the World. April 14, 2007. http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ru-veps.html. Retrieved June 8, 2010. 
  44. ^ "Inkeri". Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. http://www.unpo.org/content/view/7877/113/. Retrieved June 9, 2010. 
  45. ^ "Ingria". Flags of the World. April 14, 2007. http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ru-ingri.html. Retrieved June 9, 2010. 
  46. ^ Minahan, James (2002). Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: S-Z. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 2018. ISBN 0-313-32384-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=K94wQ9MF2JsC&pg=PA2018. Retrieved June 9, 2010. 
  47. ^ "In pictures: The Seto people - Anthem and flag". BBC News Online. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/picture_gallery/07/in_pictures_the_seto_people/html/6.stm. Retrieved June 9, 2010. 
  48. ^ "Livonian People". Flags of the World. February 18, 2006. http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/lv-livon.html. Retrieved June 9, 2010. 
  49. ^ "German-speaking Community (Belgium)". Flags of the World. January 17, 2009. http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/be-de.html. Retrieved June 10, 2010. 
  50. ^ ""D'Fändelsfro": le gouvernement prend position sur la question du drapeau national (juillet 2007) (French)". gouvernement.lu. http://www.gouvernement.lu/dossiers/viepol/drapeau/index.html. Retrieved June 10, 2010. 
  51. ^ "Adoption d'un drapeau officiel (French)". Province de Luxembourg. http://www.province.luxembourg.be/provlux/provlux_fr_profils_province_lux/l-institution-provinciale/blason-palais-logo-drapeau-et-chant-provincial/drapeau/drapeau.htm. Retrieved June 9, 2010. 
  52. ^ "Estatuto de Autonomía de Canarias (Spanish)". Gobierno de Canarias. http://www.gobiernodecanarias.org/libroazul/pdf/17729.pdf. Retrieved June 13, 2010.  The flag, which was made official by the Organic Law 10/82 on 16 August 1982, is based upon the original design attributed to Carmen Sarmiento, Jesús Cantero and Arturo Cantero and adopted by the Canarias Libre movement in 1961.
  53. ^ "Estatuto de Autonomía de Aragón (Spanish)". Boletín Oficial de Aragón. April 23, 2007. http://www.cortesaragon.es/fileadmin/templates/fich/LO5.07.pdf. Retrieved April 10, 2010.  The Statute defines Aragonese People as an "historical nationality".
  54. ^ "Occitania". Flags of the World. December 26, 2009. http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/eu-occit.html. Retrieved June 11, 2010. 
  55. ^ a b c d "Legge 15 Dicembre 1999, n. 482 - Norme in materia di tutela delle minoranze linguistiche storiche (Italian)". Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica Italiana. December 20, 1999. http://www.camera.it/parlam/leggi/99482L.htm. Retrieved April 5, 2010. 
  56. ^ "Legge Regionale 4 Gennaio 2000, n. 1 - Adozione della bandiera della Regione (Italian)". Presidenza Regione Siciliana. January 7, 2000. http://www.regione.sicilia.it/Presidenza/ufficiodelcerimoniale/legge_1_2000.htm. Retrieved June 11, 2010. 
  57. ^ "Sicily Region". Flags of the World. July 19, 2008. http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/it-sic.html. Retrieved June 11, 2010. 
  58. ^ http://www.skdprosvjeta.com/news.php?id=66
  59. ^ "Heraldry and the Origin of the Bosnian Fleur-de-lis". Flags of the World. November 15, 2008. http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ba-1992.html#heral. Retrieved April 7, 2010. 
  60. ^ "Observations of Flags in Bosnia and Herzegovina". Flags of the World. January 11, 1999. http://flagspot.net/flags/ba-use.html#ob. Retrieved April 7, 2010. 
  61. ^ "The Bosnian Muslims". Flags of the World. December 15, 2008. http://flagspot.net/flags/ba-mus.html. Retrieved April 7, 2010. 
  62. ^ "Symbols of the Bosniaks of Sandžak". Flags of the World. March 18–19, 2005. http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/cs-sanja.html#fla. Retrieved April 17, 2010. 
  63. ^ Vickers, Miranda (2007), The Cham Issue - Where to Now?, ARAG Balkan Series, Swindon, United Kingdom: Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, pp. 21, ISBN 978-1-905962-01-3 
  64. ^ "Rusyn Symbols". Academy of Rusyn Culture in the Slovak Republic. http://www.rusynacademy.sk/english/en-academy5.html. Retrieved June 12, 2010. 
  65. ^ "Crimean Tatars". Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. http://www.unpo.org/content/view/7871/106/. Retrieved June 12, 2010. 
  66. ^ "Erzian ethnic flag". Flags of the World. February 2, 2002. http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ru-mo.html#erz. Retrieved June 12, 2010. 
  67. ^ "Circassia". Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. http://www.unpo.org/content/view/7869/104/. Retrieved June 12, 2010. 
  68. ^ "Abkhazia". Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. http://www.unpo.org/content/view/7854/76/. Retrieved June 12, 2010. 
  69. ^ Minahan, James (2000). One Europe, Many Nations: A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 493–494. ISBN 978-0313309847. http://books.google.com/books?id=NwvoM-ZFoAgC&pg=PA493#v=onepage&q&f=false. 
  70. ^ "Flags of daghestanian ethnic groups". Flags of the World. January 8, 2003. http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ru-da_et.html#kum. Retrieved June 13, 2010. 
  71. ^ "История Лезгинского народа (Russian)". Lezgini Kultuuriühing Eestis. http://lezgi-kultuur.ucoz.net/. Retrieved June 13, 2010. 
  72. ^ "Meshtekistan". Flags of the World. January 30, 2010. http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ge-mesht.html. Retrieved June 12, 2010. 
  73. ^ "Ajaria". Flags of the World. April 24, 2010. http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ge-ad.html. Retrieved June 12, 2010. 

[edit] Bibliography and references

[edit] External links

Northern Africa

Western Africa

Middle Africa

Southern Asia

Notes and citations for external links

  1. ^ A flag of Hausa people was proposed in 1966. It is a banner with five horizontal stripes: red, yellow, indigo blue, green, and khaki beige.
  2. ^ "Asia: flags of the ethnic minorities and stateless nations". Encyclopædia Heraldica. http://eh.lenin.ru/english/index-ethn2.htm. Retrieved May 4, 2010. 
  3. ^ Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas, Hitler's Priestess: Savitri Devi, the Hindu-Aryan Myth, and Neo-Nazism (New York University Press, 1998, hardcover: ISBN 0-8147-3110-4, paperback: ISBN 0-8147-3111-2 Plate 3, between Pages 80 and 81, shows a picture of the Hindi ethnic flag (“Pan Hindu National Flag”)
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