European United Left–Nordic Green Left
| European United Left/Nordic Green Left European Parliament group |
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| GUE/NGL logo | |
| Name | European United Left/Nordic Green Left |
| English abbr. | GUE/NGL[1] |
| French abbr. | GUE/NGL[2][3] |
| Formal name | Confederal Group of the European United Left/Nordic Green Left[2][4][5] |
| Ideology | Democratic socialism |
| European parties | Party of the European Left European Anticapitalist Left |
| Associated organisations | Nordic Green Left Alliance |
| From | 6 January 1995[6] |
| To | n/a |
| Preceded by | European United Left (1994–1995) |
| Succeeded by | n/a |
| Chaired by | Alonso José Puerta (1999-2004),[5] Francis Wurtz (2004-2009) |
| MEP(s) | 42 (July 20, 1999), 41 (July 20, 2004), 35 (July 20, 2009), 34 (June 21, 2011) |
| Website | http://www.guengl.eu |
European United Left/Nordic Green Left (GUE/NGL) is a left-wing political group with seats in the European Parliament since 1995.
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[edit] Position
According to its 1994 constituent declaration, the group is opposed to the present European political structure, but committed to integration.[7] That declaration sets out three aims for the construction of another Europe: the total change of institutions to make them "fully democratic"; and breaking with "neo-liberal monetarist policies"; and a policy of co-development and equitable cooperation. The group wants to disband NATO and "strengthen the OSCE".
The group is ambiguous between reformism and revolution, leaving it up to each party to decide on the manner they deem best suited to achieve these aims. As such, it has simultaneously positioned itself as "insiders" within the European institutions, enabling it to influence the decisions made by co-decision, and as "outsiders" by its willingness to seek "another Union" which would abolish the Maastricht Treaty.
[edit] Organisation
The GUE/NGL is a confederal group: it is composed of MEPs from national parties. Those national parties must share common political objectives with the group, as specified in the group's constituent declaration. Nevertheless, those national parties, not the group, retain control of their MEPs. Thus, the Group may be divided on certain issues.
Members of the group meet regularly to prepare for meetings, debate on policies and vote on resolutions. The group also publishes reports on various topics.[citation needed]
[edit] Membership
MEPs may be full or associate members.
- Full members must accept the constitutional declaration of the Group.
- Associate members need not fully do so but may sit with the full members.
National parties may be full or associate members.
- Full member parties must accept the constitutional declaration of the Group.
- Associate member parties may include parties that do not have MEPs (e.g. French Trotskyist parties which did not get elected in the 2004 European elections), are from states that are not part of the European Union, or do not wish to be full members.
[edit] Member parties
Notes
- 1 - Party is a member of the Party of the European Left (PEL)
- 2 - Party is an observer of the PEL
- 3 - Party is a member of the Nordic Green Left Alliance (NGLA)
- 4 - Party is listed as from Ireland[8]
[edit] History
In 1995, the enlargement of the European Union led to the creation of the Nordic Green Left group of parties. The Nordic Green Left merged with the Confederal Group of the European United Left on 6 January 1995,[6] forming the Confederal Group of the European United Left/Nordic Green Left.[2][4][5] It consisted of MEPs from the Finnish Left Alliance, Swedish Left Party, the Danish Socialist People's Party, United Left of Spain (including the Spanish Communist Party), the Greek Synaspismos, the French Communist Party, Portuguese Communist Party, the Communist Party of Greece, and the Communist Refoundation Party of Italy.
In 1999, the German Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) and the Greek Democratic Social Movement (DIKKI) joined as full members, while the five MEPs elected from the list of the French Trotskyist alliance LO-LCR joined as associate members.
In 2002, four MEPs from the French Citizen and Republican Movement also joined the group.
In 2004, no MEPs were elected from LO-LCR and DIKKI was dissolved. MEPs from the Portuguese Left Bloc, the Irish Sinn Féin, the Cypriot Progressive Party of Working People (AKEL) and the Czech Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia joined the group.
[edit] Sources
- Democracy in the European Parliament[1]
- Political Groups Annual Accounts 2001-2006[2]
- Political Groups of the European Parliament[3]
- Group names 1999[4]
- European Parliament MEP Archives[5]
- Europe Politique[6]
- European United Left–Nordic Green Left official website[7]
[edit] References
- ^ a b "Democracy in the European Parliament" (PDF). http://emlab.berkeley.edu/users/groland/pubs/HNR-Democracy_in_the_EP-11July05.pdf. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
- ^ a b c d "Political Groups Annual Accounts 2001-2006". Europarl.europa.eu. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/groups/accounts_en.htm. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
- ^ a b "Political Groups of the European Parliament". Kas.de. http://www.kas.de/wf/de/71.4504/. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
- ^ a b c "Group names 1999". Europarl.europa.eu. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/election/results/legende.htm. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
- ^ a b c d "European Parliament profile of Alonso José Puerta". Europarl.europa.eu. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/members/archive/term4/view.do?language=EN&id=1033. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
- ^ a b c "EUL/NGL on Europe Politique". Europe-politique.eu. http://www.europe-politique.eu/gauche-unitaire-europeenne.htm. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
- ^ a b "GUE/NGL Site". Guengl.org. 1994-07-14. http://www.guengl.org/showPage.jsp?ID=640. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
- ^ Guengl.eu
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