Évian Accords
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The Évian Accords comprise a treaty which was signed on March 18, 1962 in Évian-les-Bains, France by France and the F.L.N. (Front de Libération nationale). The Accords put an end to the Algerian War with a formal cease-fire proclaimed for March 19, and formalized the idea of cooperative exchange between the two countries. Then French president Charles de Gaulle wanted to maintain French interests in the area, including industrial and commercial primacy and control over Saharan oil reserves. In addition, the European French community (the colon population) in Algeria was guaranteed religious freedom and property rights as well as French citizenship with the option to choose between French and Algerian citizenship after three years. In exchange, Algeria received access to technical assistance and financial aid from the French government. Algerians were permitted to continue freely circulating between their country and France for work, although they would not have equal political rights to French citizens. The OAS right-wing movement opposed the negotiations through a series of bombings and an assassination attempt against General de Gaulle at Le Petit Clamart.
The agreements included an article which stated that "Algeria concedes to France the use of certain air bases, terrains, sites and military installations which are necessary to it [France]." The agreement specifically permitted France to maintain its naval facilities at Mers-el-Kébir (which also had an underground nuclear testing facility) for another fifteen years; in the event, however, France chose to withdraw from the base in 1967, after only five years.[1]
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[edit] The Vote
In a referendum held in June 1962 the French electorate approved the Evian Accords by an overwhelming 91 percent vote. On July 1, 1962, some 6 million of a total Algerian electorate of 6.5 million cast their ballots. The vote approving the accords was nearly unanimous, with 5,992,115 votes for independence, 16,534 against[2]. De Gaulle pronounced Algeria an independent country on July 3.
[edit] The Negotiators
- Delegation of the Front de libération nationale (FLN)
- French delegation
- Louis Joxe
- Bernard Tricot
- Roland Cadet
- Yves Roland-Billecart
- Claude Chayet
- Bruno de Leusse
- Vincent Labouret
- Jean Simon (general)
- Hubert de Seguins Pazzis (lieutenant-colonel)
- Robert Buron
- Jean de Broglie
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Alistair Horne, A Savage War of Peace: Algeria 1954-1962
- ^ "Proclamation des résultats du référendum d'autodétermination du 1er juillet 1962". Journal Officiel de l'État Algérien. 6 July 1962. http://www.joradp.dz/JO6283/1962/001/FP3.pdf. Retrieved 2009-04-08. "Total d'inscrits dans les 15 départements : 6.549.736 — Votants : 6.017.800 — Blancs ou nul : 25.565 — Suffrages exprimés : 5.992.115 — OUI : 5.975.581 — NON : 16.534"
[edit] Bibliography
- Adler, Stephen. International Migration and Dependence. Gower Publishing Company, Ltd. (Hampshire: 1977).
- Barkaoui, Miloud. "Kennedy and the Cold War imbroglio - the case of Algeria's independence." Arab Studies Quarterly. Spring 1999.
- Horne, Alistair A Savage War of Peace: Algeria 1954-1962'
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