Fūma Kotarō

In this Japanese name, the family name is "Fūma".

Fūma Kotarō 風魔 小太郎
Born	Unknown date Sagami Province
Died	1603 Edo
Commands held	Rappa of the Hōjō clan

Fūma Kotarō (風魔 小太郎, ?? – 1603) was the name adopted by the leader of the Fūma clan (風魔一党, Fūma-ittō) of ninja during the Sengoku era of Japan. According to some records, his name was originally Kazama (風間).

Fūma clan

The clan was based in Kanagawa Prefecture, specializing in horseback guerrilla warfare and naval espionage. According to some sources, the family has roots in the 10th century when they served Taira no Masakado in his revolt against the Kyoto government. The usage of the name started with the first leader (jonin) of the clan: originally surnamed "風間" (Fūma), with a different kanji, it was later changed to homophone 風魔. Each subsequent leader of the school adopted the same name as its founder, making it difficult to identify them individually. This school was in the service of the Hōjō clan of Odawara.

Fūma Kotarō

Fūma Kotarō was the fifth and the best known of the Fūma clan leaders. Born in Sagami Province (modern Kanagawa Prefecture) on an unknown date, he became notorious as the leader of a band of 200 Rappa "battle disrupters", divided into four groups: brigands, pirates, burglars and thieves. Kotarō served under Hōjō Ujimasa and Hōjō Ujinao. His biggest achievement came in 1580, when the Fūma ninja covertly infiltrated and attacked at night a camp of the Takeda clan forces under Takeda Katsuyori, succeeding in causing a severe chaos in the camp that resulted in a mass fratricide among the disoriented enemies. In 1590, Toyotomi Hideyoshi laid siege to Odawara Castle, which eventually fell and the Hōjō clan was forced to surrender.

When the Tokugawa shogunate came to power, the remnants of Fūma-ryū was reduced to a band of brigands operating in and around Edo. A popular story says that in 1596 he was responsible for death of Hattori Hanzō, a famous ninja in the service of Tokugawa Ieyasu, who had tracked him down in the Inland Sea but Kotarō has succeeded in luring him into a small channel, where a tide trapped the Tokugawa gunboats and his men then set fire to the channel with oil. Kotarō was eventually caught by the shogunate's special law-enforcement force, guided by his rival and a former Takeda ninja Kosaka Jinnai (高坂甚内), and executed through beheading by an order of Ieyasu in 1603.

In a legend, he is an inhuman figure: a monstrous, giant (216 cm tall), supposedly part-oni (ogre) creature with inverted eyes.

In popular culture

Cover of the 1987 Konami action video game Getsu Fūma Den, showing Fūma (right) having long red hair, as he is often depicted in modern fiction

In the various works of fiction, Fūma Kotarō is often depicted as arch-rival of Hattori Hanzō. As the name Fūma means literally "wind demon", depiction of Fūma Kotarō is frequently more flamboyant, fantastical, and sometimes even demonic, in contrast to Hanzō who is usually rendered with a relatively subdued appearance.

He is a main character in the World Heroes fighting game series (as "Fuuma", also featured in Neo Geo Battle Coliseum together with his main rival Hanzo) and in Getsu Fūma Den, and is a player character in the video games Onimusha 2: Samurai's Destiny (as a young ninja in the service of the Hōjō clan, also returning in Onimusha Tactics) and Samurai Warriors 2 along with its spin-off Warriors Orochi (as Hanzō's foe, who, despite serving the Hōjō clan, prefers chaos and continually makes trouble for many factions). He is featured in the manga series Nabari no Ou (where he appears as the shape-shifting leader of the Fūma ninja village and an ally of the protagonist), and also makes an appearance in the light novel series Mirage of Blaze (during the story arc involving the Hōjō clan), the manga series Yaiba (revived by Onimaru), the manga and anime series Samurai Deeper Kyo (as Sarutobi Sasuke's childhood friend and rival) and Karasu Tengu Kabuto, and the video games Nobunaga's Ambition II and Taikō Risshiden V (an unlockable player character), Sengoku Basara 2 (initially as an NPC, he became playable in the Heroes edition), Kessen III (an optional bonus character), and Persona 2: Eternal Punishment (summonable as a persona).

His 18th century descendant Fūma Kotarō Kaneyoshi is the hero's nemesis through most of the TV series The Samurai, while a modern one is a player character in the video game Ninja Commando. Fūma clan is also featured in the TV series Shogun Iemitsu Shinobi Tabi and the video games Yakuza 2, Inindo: Way of the Ninja and the Soul series (represented by a runaway ninja Taki). Characters who are modern-day descendants of the Fūma clan include title characters in the manga series Fūma no Kojirō and the anime film The Plot of the Fuma Clan, as well as two of the main characters in the manga X. In the manga and anime series Naruto, the character Pain was revealed to have a body that originated from the Fūma clan and he kills his rival Hanzō; there is also another Fūma clan. A very large shuriken is often called "Fuma Shuriken".