Châteauesque
Châteauesque is one of several terms, including Francis I style,[1] and, in Canada, the Château Style, [2] that refer to a revival architectural style based on the French Renaissance architecture of the monumental French country homes (châteaux) built in the Loire Valley from the late fifteenth century to the early seventeenth century.
The term is credited (by historian Marcus Whiffen) to American architectural historian Bainbridge Bunting [1] although it can be found in publications that pre-date Bunting's birth. As of 2011, the Getty Research Institute's Art & Architecture Thesaurus includes both "Château Style" and "Châteauesque", with the former being the preferred term for North America.
The style frequently features buildings incongruously ornamented by the elaborate towers, spires, and steeply-pitched roofs of sixteenth century châteaux, (themselves influenced by late Gothic and Italian Renaissance architecture). Despite their French ornamentation, as a revival style, buildings in the châteauesque style do not attempt to completely emulate a French château. Châteauesque buildings are typically built on an asymmetrical plan with an exceedingly broken roof-line and a facade composed of advancing and receding planes.
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[edit] History
The style was popularized in the United States by Richard Morris Hunt. Hunt, the first American architect to study at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris,[3] designed residences, including those for the Vanderbilt family during the 1870s, 1880s and 1890s.[4] A relatively rare style in the United States, its presence was concentrated in the Northeast, [3] although isolated examples could (and still can) be found in nearly all parts of the country. It was mostly employed for residences of the extremely wealthy, although it was occasionally used for public buildings.
The first building in this style in Canada was the 1887 Quebec City Armoury.[5] Many of Canada's grand railway hotels were built in the Châteauesque style, with other buildings mainly public or residential. The style may be associated with Canadian architecture because these grand hotels are prominent landmarks in major cities across the country and in certain national parks.
In Hungary, Arthur Meinig built numerous country houses in the Loire Valley style, the earliest being Andrássy Castle in Tiszadob, 1885–1890 and the grandest Károlyi Castle in Nagykároly (Carei), 1893–1895.
The style began to fade after the turn of the 20th century and was largely absent from new construction by the 1930s.
[edit] Architects who built Châteauesque structures
- Richard Morris Hunt
- Ross and Macdonald
- Sproatt and Rolph
- Archibald and Schofield
- Francis Rattenbury
- Bruce Price
- Bradford Gilbert, Ross and Macfarlane
- Eugène-Étienne Taché
- Solon Spencer Beman
[edit] Examples
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Waddesdon Manor, Buckinghamshire, England 1874–1889
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Massandra, Yalta (1889 palace)
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Meyendorff Castle in Moscow (1874—1885)
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Sunnyside Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand (1891–1999 asylum)
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Euxinograd, Varna, Bulgaria
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National Art Gallery (Bulgaria), former royal palace, Sofia, Bulgaria
[edit] Examples in the United States
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Ochre Court, Newport, RI 1892
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Carey Mansion, Newport, Rhode Island
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Biltmore Estate, 1890–1895, Asheville, North Carolina, Richard Morris Hunt, architect
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Charles G. Dawes House, 1894, 225 Greenwood St., Evanston, IL. H. Edwards Ficken, architect
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U.S. Post Office, Quincy, Illinois by Mifflin E. Bell
[edit] Examples in Canada
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The Empress, Victoria, BC, Canada 1904–1908
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Hotel Vancouver, Vancouver, BC, Canada 1939
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Banff Springs Hotel, Banff, AB, Canada 1887–1888
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Fairmont Chateau Laurier, Ottawa, ON, Canada 1909–1913
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Quebec City Armouries, Quebec, QC, Canada 1885–1889
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Hôtel Fairmont Le Manoir Richelieu, La Malbaie, QC, Canada 1899
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Place Viger, Montreal, QC, Canada 1898
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Gare du Palais, Quebec, QC, Canada 1915
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Fort Garry Hotel, Winnipeg, MB, Canada 1913
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Delta Bessborough, Saskatoon, SK, Canada 1928–1932
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ a b Whiffen, Marcus, "American Architecture Since 1780: A guide to the styles", The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1969 p142
- ^ Maitland, Hucker and Ricketts, "A Guide to Canadian Architectural Styles", Broadview Press, Peterborough, ONT, 1992 p 93
- ^ a b McAlester, Virginia & Lee (1996). A Field Guide to American Houses. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 375. ISBN 0-394-73969-8.
- ^ Stein, Susan R., ed., ‘’The Architecture of ‘’Richard Morris Hunt’’, University of Chicago Press, Chicago IL, 1986 p 151
- ^ Maitland, Hucker and Ricketts, ‘’A Guide to Canadian Architectural Styles’’, Broadview Press, Peterborough, ONT, 1992 p. 94
[edit] External links
- Pictures of Châteauesque architecture
- Châteauesque pictures from Chicago
- Row of Châteauesque homes in Louisville, KY
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