Felix Morrow

James Cannon and Felix Morrow, with a bust of Trotsky.

Felix Morrow (3 June 1906 – May 28, 1988) was an American communist political activist and newspaper editor. In later years, Morrow left the world of politics to become a book publisher. He is best remembered as a factional leader of the American Trotskyist movement.

Early life

Felix Morrow was born Felix Mayrowitz to an Orthodox Jewish family in 1906 in New York City. His parents, emigrants from Eastern Europe, ran a small grocery store in the city. Morrow later recalled his upbringing in a letter to historian Alan Wald:

"I came from a Hassidic family, but my father at the age of 15 had fled in disillusionment from the house of the Chortkow Rebbe where his father was a gabbai (rabbai's assistant). But my mother remained religious and I had a traditional Jewish education."

In America, both of Felix Mayrowitz's parents had become socialists and Felix had been a participant in the youth section of the Socialist Party of America from an early age, beginning with the Junior division of the Young People's Socialist League. At age 16, Felix was employed as a reporter by the Brooklyn Daily Times. He later went to work for the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, using his paychecks there to help finance his education at New York University (NYU).

Felix Mayrowitz graduated from NYU in 1928 and enrolled in graduate school at Columbia University, also located in New York City, where he studied religion in association with the Philosophy Department. At the time of his enrolling at Columbia, Felix availed himself of advice he had received that his professional progress would be easier with a less ethnic surname; it was at this time that Felix Mayrowitz became Felix Morrow.

Political career

In 1931, the young graduate student applied for membership in the Communist Party USA. At the time of his application, Morrow was advised by New York District Organizer Israel Amter that he would be of greater service to the party as a "secret" member of the organization rather than as a known public figure. Morrow was told by Amter to consider himself a party member, and his application was squirreled away in Amter's desk.

Morrow traveled the country extensively as a reporter for the Communist Party literary-artistic monthly, The New Masses and for its daily newspaper, The Daily Worker, making use of the pseudonym "George Cooper." His journalism was latter collected into book form and translated into Russian for publication in the Soviet Union in 1933 as Life in the United States in this Depression. He also taught courses on American history at the CPUSA's New York party training school, served as a member of the party's speakers' bureau, and assisted Joseph Freeman with editorial tasks at The New Masses.

Morrow was for many years a leading figure in American Trotskyism, best known for his book Revolution and Counter-Revolution In Spain. He joined the Communist League of America in 1933 and after Max Shachtman's minority split in 1940, served as editor of 'Fourth International' monthly theory/polemical journal of the Socialist Workers Party (SWP) between 1940–45, until displaced by E R Frank (Bert Cochran) on the maneuvers of James P Cannon and the SWP majority who opposed his views on perspectives for European Trotskyists at the mid-war point. He was one of 18 SWP leaders, including the party's National Secretary, James P. Cannon, imprisoned under the Smith Act during the Second World War.

In 1943 he formed a faction, with Albert Goldman which challenged the SWP's "orthodox" catastrophic perspective. Morrow and Goldman projected the likelihood of a prolonged period of bourgeois democracy in western Europe and emphasised the need for democratic and transitional demands against the maximalism advocated by the majority. Although he was expelled from the SWP in 1946 for "unauthorised collaboration" with Shachtman's Workers Party, he did not join Shachtman, and drifted from left-wing politics to the right.^{[citation needed]}

Later years

In the early 1950s, Morrow was hired by Schocken Books, working as a vice president there. He later worked at Beacon Press, a publisher based in Boston, Massachusetts.

In the late 1950s Morrow founded University Books, publishing hundreds of titles under that imprint, including a number of reprints.

In the 1970s University Books was sold to the publisher Lyle Stuart, who continued to publish books under the imprint along with his own.

Death

Morrow died on May 28, 1988.

Works

• The Bonus March. New York, International Publishers, 1932.
• The Civil War in Spain: Towards Socialism or Fascism? New York, Pioneer Publishers, 1936.
• Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Spain New York, Pioneer Publishers, 1938.
• Labor's Answer to Conscription New York, Pioneer Publishers, 1940.

Further reading

• Alan M. Wald, The New York Intellectuals: The Rise and Decline of the Anti-Stalinist Left. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina, 1987.

External links

• Felix Morrow Archive, Marxists Internet Archive. Retrieved January 31, 2010.
• Ernest Mandel, "Morrow on Spain," International, vol.2 no.3 (Summer 1974), pp. 40–42.