Ferzende
Ferzende or Ferzende Beg[2] (Kurdish: Ferzende Begê Hesenî,[3] Turkish: Hasenanlı Ferzende Bey born 1889 in Hınıs, Erzurum[4] - 1939;[5] Qasr-e Qajar Prison, Tehran, Iran), was a Kurdish Heseni tribesman, soldier and politician.
Life[edit]
Sheikh Said Rebellion[edit]
Ferzende was born to mother Asiye and father Ahmed. He participated in Sheikh Said Rebellion and fought in the region of Malazgirt. After the failure of the rebellion, he went to Iran with 150 men. Persian government demanded their disarmament. But because Ferzende rejected it, the armed conflict broke out between Kurdish and Iranian forces. In this conflict Şemseddin, who is one of the sons of Halid of Hesenan, Ferzende's father Suleiman Ahmed, Kerem of Zirkan, Abdulbaki and others were killed by the Iranian force. He was wounded during the same combat action.[6] Survivors took shelter to Simko Shikak.
Ararat Rebellion[edit]
In 1927, he returned to Turkey and participated in Ararat rebellion. He got involved in most of all battles and sabotage operations. In 1930, he was wounded during the Kurdish attack on Taşburun. After the failure of the rebellion, he passed the border and went to Iran.
Maku Rebellion[edit]
In 1931, a severe fighting in the vicinity of Maku between Persian troops and Kurds.[7] The 2nd Brigade of Azerbaijan Division commanded by Colonel Mohammad Ali Khan engaged and Colonel Kalb-Ali Khan was sent from Tabriz and Ardabil with reinforcements.[8] On 25 July, during the fighting in the vicinity of Qara Aineh, Persian Colonel Kalb Ali Khan was killed in action and Kurds lost three or four important leaders, including Ibrahim and his brother.[9] Ferzende was wounded in this rebellion and after arrested by the Iranian security forces.
Death[edit]
In 1941, Osman Sabri wrote that Ferzende had been killed by poison in the prison at Khoy two years before.[10] According to Zarife, who is the second wife of Nadir Süphandağ (one of the sons of Kor Hussein Pascha) and lived with Ferzende's wife Besra in the same house in Tehran for four years, Ferzende died in the Qasr-e Qajar Prison before they returned to Turkey in 1939.[11]
Sources[edit]
- ^ Rohat Alakom, Hoybûn örgütü ve Ağrı ayaklanması, Avesta, 1998, ISBN 975-7112-45-3, p. 180. (in Turkish)
- ^ Susan Meiselas, Martin van Bruinessen, Kurdistan: in the shadow of history, Random House, 1997, p. 142. (in English)
- ^ Celal Sayan, La construction de l'état national turc et le mouvement national kurde, 1918-1938, Presses universitaires du septentrion, 2002, p. 595. (in French)
- ^ "Ferzende Bey'i̇n Hi̇kayesi̇". 12 November 2021.
- ^ Uğur Mumcu, Kürt Dosyası, Tekin Yayınevi, 1993, p. 140. (in Turkish)
- ^ Mehmet Şerif Fırat, Doğu illeri ve Varto Tarihi, Türk Kültürünü Araştırma Enstitüsü, 1983, p. 183. (in Turkish)
- ^ UK Foreign Office, British documents on foreign affairs: reports and papers from the foreign office confidential print. From the first to the second world war. Turkey, Iran, and the Middle-East, 1918-1939. The Allies take control, 1920-1921, University Publications of America, 1985, ISBN 978-0-89093-603-0, p. 180. (in English)
- ^ Robert Michael Burrell, Iran: political diaries, 1881-1965. 1931-1934, Archive Editions, 1997, ISBN 978-1-85207-710-5, p. 186. (in English)
- ^ Great Britain Foreign Office, ibid, p. 252. (in English)
- ^ Osman Sebri, "Agiri", Hawar, No. 36, 1941. (in Kurdish)
- ^ Kemal Süphandağ, Ağrı direnişi ve Haydaranlılar, Fırat Yayınları, 2001, p. 320. (in Turkish)