Fist of the North Star

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the manga and anime. For other uses, see Fist of the North Star (disambiguation).
Image:Split-arrows.svg
  It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles. (Discuss)
Fist of the North Star

Volume 1 of the Japanese language Jump Comics edition of Hokuto no Ken, published on March 1984
北斗の拳
(Hokuto no Ken)
Genre Martial arts, Science fiction
Manga
Author Buronson
Illustrator Tetsuo Hara
Publisher Flag of Japan Shueisha
Demographic Shōnen
Magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump
Original run 1983 – 1988
Volumes 27 (245 chapters)
TV anime
Director Toyoo Ashida
Studio Toei Animation
Network Flag of Japan Fuji TV, Animax
Original run October 4, 1984 – March 5, 1987
Episodes 109
Anime film
Fist of the North Star: The Movie
Director Toyoo Ashida
Writer Buronson
Tetsuo Hara
Studio Toei Animation
Released March 8, 1986
Runtime 110 minutes
TV anime
Fist of the North Star 2
Director Toyoo Ashida
Studio Toei Animation
Network Fuji TV
Original run March 13, 1987 – February 18, 1988
Episodes 43
Original video animation
New Fist of the North Star
Director Takashi Watanabe
Studio Toei Animation
Released July 24, 2003 - May 28, 2004
Episodes 3
Original video animation
Fist of the North Star: The Legends of the True Savior
Director Takahiro Imamura
Studio TMS Entertainment, North Stars Pictures
Released 2006 - 2008
Episodes 5
Manga
Hokuto no Ken Raō Gaiden: Ten no Haō
Author Youkow Osada
Publisher Shinchosha
Demographic Seinen
Magazine Comic Bunch
Original run March 10, 2006 – March 2, 2007
Volumes 5
Manga
Hokuto no Ken Yuria Gaiden: Jibo no Hoshi
Author Ayumi Kasai
Publisher Shogakukan
Demographic Seinen
Magazine Big Comic Superior
Published March 10, 2006
Volumes 1
Manga
Hokuto no Ken Rei Gaiden: Sōkoku no Garō
Author Yasuyuki Nekoi
Publisher Shinchosha
Demographic Seinen
Magazine Comic Bunch
Original run April 27, 2007 – Ongoing
Volumes 5 (ongoing)
Manga
Hokuto no Ken Toki Gaiden: Shirogane no Seija
Author Yuka Nagate
Publisher Shinchosha
Demographic Seinen
Magazine Comic Bunch
Original run September 7, 2007 – December 12, 2008
Volumes 6
Manga
Hokuto no Ken Jagi Gaiden: Gokuaku no Hana
Author Sin-ichi Hiromoto
Publisher Shinchosha
Demographic Seinen
Magazine Comic Bunch
Original run December 26, 2008 – Ongoing
Volumes 1
TV anime
Legends of the Dark Kings: A Fist of the North Star Story
Director Masashi Abe
Original run October 3, 2008 – December 26, 2008
Episodes 13
Anime and Manga Portal

Fist of the North Star (北斗の拳 Hokuto no Ken?, lit. "Fist of the Big Dipper"), also known as Ken, the Great Bear Fist,[1][2] is a Japanese manga series that was originally serialized from 1983 to 1988 in the Japanese magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump, created by Tetsuo Hara and Buronson. The manga spans 245 chapters that were originally reprinted in 27 collected volumes (tankōbon) under the Jump Comics imprint.

Set in a post apocalyptic world where the Earth is barren and the strong survive by preying on the weak, the series follows the journey of Kenshiro, the successor of Hokuto Shinken (北斗神拳 "Divine Fist of the North Star"?),[3] a secret martial arts style that allows its practitioner to destroy an opponent's body from within by striking into their secret channeling points, often resulting in a violent and gruesome death. Kenshiro uses his skills to protect the weak and innocent against the numerous villains that threaten their survival.

Contents

[edit] Plot

Further information: List of characters in Fist of the North Star and List of fighting styles in Fist of the North Star

Set in a post-apocalyptic version of Earth sometime near the end of the 20th century, a nuclear war has left the world in ruins, causing the oceans to evaporate and destroying most of the world's vegetation. Most of earth's survivors include villagers who try to thrive on what little resources they have and the numerous vicious gangs and tribes who prey on them. A martial artist named Kenshiro, a man with seven scars on his chest and the chosen successor of the legendary assassin's art Hokuto Shinken (北斗神拳?, The Divine Fist of the North Star) has sworn to protect the weak and innocent from the malicious gangsters that threaten their survival. Accompanied by two young children named Bat and Lin, Ken confronts numerous violent gangs through his journey. Eventually Ken faces his adoptive brothers who were also trained in the art of Hokuto Shinken, as well as the six top masters of the Nanto Seiken (南斗聖拳?, The Sacred Fist of the South Star) school. His ultimate adversary is his eldest brother Raoh, a would-be world conqueror who broke the Hokuto Shinken law by refusing to give up the style.

Several years after Ken defeats Raoh, he returns to help his former sidekicks Bat and Lin, now leader of the Hokuto Army, to fight off against the tyranny of the Heavenly Emperor's Army led by the Acting Governor Jakoh. Not long after Jakoh's defeat, Lin is kidnapped and Ken is forced to travel to the Land of Shura (修羅の国 Shura no Kuni?) to rescue her, a land of warriors ruled by Kaioh, who uses the style of Hokuto Ryūken (北斗琉拳?, The North Star Lapis Lazuli Fist), a malicious counterpart to Ken's Hokuto Shinken. After defeating Kaioh and rescuing Lin, Ken wanders of in the desert, continuing his journey.

[edit] Production

Tetsuo Hara has stated that he came up with the idea of Hokuto no Ken from his editor Nobuhiko Horie. According to Hara, Horie suggested to him that he should draw a manga about "a martial artist who destroys his opponents by striking their acupressure points" based on Hara's aspiration to draw a manga about martial arts and his knowledge of pressure points. At the time, Hara was having trouble breaking into the market, as his first series, the Iron Don Quixote, was canceled ten weeks after its debut.[4] A prototype version of Hokuto no Ken was published as a one shot story in the April 1983 issue of Fresh Jump, which was followed by Hokuto no Ken II, a second one-shot published in the June 1983 issue. Both stories are collected in the second tankōbon volume of Iron Don Quixote.

The two one-shots were well-received in the reader's surveys of Fresh Jump and Tetsuo Hara was commissioned to turn Hokuto no Ken into a weekly series. Buronson was assigned to work with him as writer for the serialized version. The storyline was revamped, with the 1980s present-day setting in the original version replaced by a Mad Max-inspired post apocalyptic future world, and the protagonist Kenshiro, originally a high school student, became an older and more stoic hero inspired by Bruce Lee (though the physical similarity between the two is only present in the anime, and not the original manga).[5] Originally, Tetsuo Hara and Buronson were contracted to do Fist of the North Star for a three-year run, but due to its popularity and the publisher's demand, it was extended to a five-year run.[4]

[edit] Media

[edit] Manga

Main article: List of Fist of the North Star volumes

Hokuto no Ken premiered in Japan in the Weekly Shōnen Jump in Issue 41 of 1983 and was serialized weekly until Issue 35 of 1988, spanning 245 chapters. The original collected volumes or tankōbon of Hokuto no Ken were originally published under Shueisha's Jump Comics imprint and spans 27 volumes.[6] During the 1990s, Shueisha reprinted Hokuto no Ken in 15 hardcover aizōban editions,[7] as well as 15 corresponding economy-sized bunko editions.[8] Numerous other reprint editions of Hokuto no Ken were also published, including 14 deluxe Kanzenban editions by Shogakukan, which feature the original watercolored pages from the Shōnen Jump serials.[9] It has also been released in 27 pay-to-download e-book editions at eBook Japan.[10] Coamix published the first four volumes of the colorized Hokuto no Ken: Master Edition in Japan.[11]

Two different English adaptations of Fist of the North Star were published, although neither completed their run. In 1989, Viz Communications published Fist of the North Star as a monthly comic book, lasting only eight issues spanning chapters 1-16. Viz later resumed publication of the series from 1995 to 1997, publishing 18 subsequent monthly issues spanning chapters 17-42. Four graphic novel collections were published as well: Fist of the North Star, Night of the Jackal, Southern Cross, and Blood Brothers. Viz's adaptation of Fist of the North Star, as with many English translated manga at the time, featured mirrored artwork.

In 2003, Gutsoon! Entertainment published a revised English edition titled Fist of the North Star: Master Edition. In addition to retaining the original right-to-left orientation and artwork, the Master Edition also featured colorized artwork printed in large magazine-sized paper. The Master Edition lasted only nine volumes (spanning up to Chapter 74) before Gutsoon folded (a solicitation for Vol. 10 was released, which was never published).

[edit] Spin-off works

Weekly Comic Bunch No. 44 from 2007, depicitng Rei Gaiden and Toki Gaiden on the cover).

In 2001, Tetsuo Hara began working on a Fist of the North Star prequel titled Fist of the Blue Sky (蒼天の拳 Sōten no Ken?), which is currently serialized in Weekly Comic Bunch. Set during the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1935, the story stars Hokuto Shinken predecessor and Kenshiro's namesake, Kenshiro Kasumi. An English adaptation of Fist of the Blue Sky was published in North America by Gutsoon! Entertainment in the now-defunct manga anthology Raijin Comics. Four collected volumes were published before the company went out of business.

A series of Fist of the North Star spinoffs began to be published in the Weekly Comic Bunch and Big Comics Superior later. This lineup of titles has been dubbed the Hokuto Gaiden (北斗外伝?) series, as each title focuses on a particular supporting character from the original manga. The following titles had been published so far:

  • Legends of the Dark Kings: A Fist of the North Star Story (天の覇王 北斗の拳 ラオウ外伝 Ten no Haō - Hokuto no Ken Raō Gaiden?) by Youkow Osada. - A series that was serialized in Weekly Comics Bunch featuring Reina and Souga from The Legends of the True Savior movie series. All 42 chapters (as well as a two-part epilogue published sometime after the series' conclusion) were collected in five tankōbon volumes.[12] It was adapted into a 13-episode anime series which aired on Tokyo MX in 2008. The anime adaptation was licensed to Sentai Filmworks and a subtitle-only DVD set of the complete series is currently scheduled for a September 2009 release.[13]
  • Fist of the North Star Yuria's Story: The Merciful Mother Star (北斗の拳 ユリア外伝 慈母の星 Hokuto no Ken Yuria Gaiden - Jibo no Hoshi?) by Ayumi Kasai. Serialized at Big Comics Superior in three parts that ran from March 10 to April 14, 2006 and six subsequent chapters from March 9 to June 8, 2007. A single tankōbon volume was released.[14]
  • Bloody Wolf's Darkness Blue: Fist of the North Star Rei Side Story (蒼黒の餓狼 -北斗の拳 レイ外伝- Sōkoku no Garō Hokuto no Ken Rei Gaiden?) by Yasuyuki Nekoi - Rei Gaiden originally began as two separate one-shot stories that were published in the March 22 and December 8, 2006 issues of Weekly Comic Bunch. The one-shot version of the manga is subtitled The Magnificent Avenger (華麗なる復讐者 Kareinaru Fukushūsha?). Rei Gaiden was picked up as an ongoing series, which began in the April 27, 2007 issue of Weekly Comic Bunch.[15] The serial was originally subtitled The Hungry Wolf Saga (餓狼編 Garō Hen?), before receiving its current title.
  • Fist of the North Star Ryūken's Story: The Judgement Day (北斗の拳 リュウケン外伝 -THE JUDGEMENT DAY- Hokuto no Ken Ryūken Gaiden THE JUDGEMENT DAY?), a one shot story by Hiromoto Shin-Ichi, published in the December 8, 2006 issue of Comic Bunch.
  • The Flower of Carnage: Fist of the North Star Jagi's Story (極悪ノ華 北斗の拳 ジャギ外伝?) by Hiromoto Shin-Ichi, which began serialization in the December 26, 2008 issue of Comic Bunch.

[edit] Anime

[edit] TV series

Further information: List of Fist of the North Star episodes

Hokuto no Ken was first adaptated into a weekly anime series by Toei Animation. The series aired on Fuji Television from October 4, 1984 to March 5, 1987 and was given the subtitle of Seikimatsu Kyūseishu Densetsu (世紀末救世主伝説?, "Legend of the Century's End Savior") following episode 22.[17] It was immediately followed by a sequel series, titled Hokuto no Ken 2, which aired from March 13, 1987 to February 18, 1988. A combined total of 152 episodes were produced for the two series. Reruns are aired in Japan on the satellite television network Animax.

The first 36 episodes of the first series were translated and dubbed by Manga Entertainment in 1999, although only the first 24 episodes were released on VHS. All 36 episodes of the dub version were aired on Showtime Beyond in the United States and on Sci-Fi Channel in the United Kingdom, and were later released on individual DVD volumes in 2003. In 2008, the US subsidiary of Toei Animation produced official subtitled-only translations of all 152 episodes, which were released on various paid download and video streaming websites available only for North American customers.

[edit] 1986 animated movie

Main article: Fist of the North Star (1986 film)

An animated feature film version of Fist of the North Star was produced by Toei Animation, which premiered in Japan on March 8, 1986.[18] Produced by the same staff and cast who worked on the TV series, the movie adapts the storyline of the manga from the beginning and up to Kenshiro's first fight with Raoh, taking several liberties with the order of events and how the story unfolds. An English-dubbed version produced by Streamline Pictures was first released in 1991 in the USA and 1994 in the UK and Australia by Manga Entertainment.

[edit] New Fist of the North Star

New Fist of the North Star (新·北斗の拳 Shin Hokuto no Ken?) is a three-part OVA series produced by OB Planning that was originally released in 2003 and 2004 in Japan. It is based on a 1996 Hokuto no Ken novel by Buronson and Tetsuo Hara titled Jubaku no Machi (呪縛の街?, "The Cursed City"), whom the first episode of the OVA draws its title from. It was fully licensed and released in English by ADV Films. Akira Kamiya, who had voiced Kenshiro in all previous animated incarnations, was replaced by Takehito Koyasu for this OVA series. Celebrity voices were also employed, with musician Gackt (who also performs the opening and ending themes of the OVA) as the antagonist Seiji.

Set sometime after the conclusion of the original manga, a man named Sanga has constructed a fortified zone called The Last Land. While Sanga's men go out and seek water through violent means, they encounter Kenshiro who desires to end their reign of terror.

The ADV Films' dub of the trilogy has garnered positive reviews from critics. Chris Wood of Toon Zone praised "Kenshiro is in fine form, and though the story may not blow you away, it’s plenty adequate to support the action"[19] Mike Toole of Anime Jump says that New Fist is "flashy and a little cheap, but ultimately rewarding."[20] Chris Beveridge of AnimeOnDVD.com was "very pleased with" the first episode,[21] but felt that the second episode could've been "much better written"[22] and that the third episode was unnecessary and that the trilogy "could have been a lot tighter with a bit more streamlining of the script".[23]

[edit] The Legends of the True Savior movie and OVA series

Theatrical poster for Raoh Den - Jun'ai no Shō.

North Stars Pictures and TMS Entertainment produced a five part Fist of the North Star film series titled Fist of the North Star: The Legends of the True Savior (真救世主伝説 北斗の拳 Shin Kyūseishu Densetsu Hokuto no Ken?)[24] from 2006 to 2008.[25] The films are both, remakes and side-stories to the original manga series. The series is comprised of three feature films and two OVAs. The films uses a new cast of voice actors different from the original anime series, with Hiroshi Abe as Kenshiro, Takashi Ukaji as Raoh, and Yuriko Ishida as Yuria.

  1. Legend of Raoh: Chapter of Death in Love (ラオウ伝 殉愛の章 Raō Den Jun'ai no Shō?), theatrical film directed by Takahiro Imamura released on March 11, 2006.
  2. Legend of Yuria (ユリア伝 Yuria Den?), OVA directed by Hidehito Ueda released February 23, 2007.
  3. Legend of Raoh: Chapter of Fierce Fighting (ラオウ伝 激闘の章 Raō Den Gekitō no Shō?), theatrical film directed by Toshiki Hirano released on April 28, 2007.
  4. Legend of Toki (トキ伝 Toki Den?), OVA directed by Kobun Shizuno released on March 26, 2008.
  5. Fist of the North Star Zero: Legend of Kenshiro (北斗の拳 ZERO ケンシロウ伝 Hokuto no Ken Zero - Kenshirō Den?), theatrical film directed by Toshiki Hirano released on October 11, 2008, commemorating the 25th anniversary of the franchise.

[edit] Novels

An original novel was written by Buronson and Tetsuo Hara titled Shōsetsu Hokuto no Ken: Jubaku no Machi (小説·北斗の拳 呪縛の街?, Fist of the North Star the Novel: The Cursed City) which was published by Jump Novel in Japan on December 13, 1996.[26] The novel was the basis of the later three-episode OVA series New Fist of the North Star. A novelization of the movie Legend of Raoh: Chapter of Love in Death written by Eiichi Sakaki was published by Tokuma Novels on March 10, 2006.[27]

There has also been two cell phone novels released via the mobile site Hokuto no Ken DX. Raoh Gaiden (ラオウ外伝?), a novelization of the manga of the same name, and Kenshiro Gaiden (ケンシロウ外伝?), an original novel by Jotaro Higashi.

[edit] Live-action film

An American-produced live-action movie version of Fist of the North Star was released in 1995, directed by Tony Randel based on a script by Peter Atkins and Wynne McLaughlin. The movie, loosely based on the Shin storyline of the manga, stars Gary Daniels as Kenshiro, Costas Mandylor as Shin and Japanese actress Isako Washio as Yuria, with Malcolm McDowell as Ryuken and Chris Penn as "Jackal" (actually a renamed Jagi). It also featured a cameo by professional wrestler Big Van Vader as Goliath. The movie saw a theatrical release in Japan, but went straight-to-video in the US (though it did receive a premiere on HBO.) The Japanese dubbed version used the original voice actors from the 1980s anime series.

The movie had mixed reviews from fans and critics. Dave Foster of DVD Times panned the movie as a poor adaptation and commented that Kenshiro's pressure point techniques "look rather tame" in comparison to the way depicted in the manga and anime series.[28] A reviewer from eFilmCritic remarked that Kenshiro's defeat at the hands of Shin "comes off as standard" and "unbelievably goofy" compared to the 1986 animated movie version. However, Video World gave a much more positive review, calling it "First rate." It has since been firmly established as a cult film in the west, and remains the film for which Gary Daniels is best known.

[edit] Video games

Main article: List of Fist of the North Star video games
The title screens for each of the Hokuto no Ken video games released for the Family Computer in Japan.}}

Several licensed Hokuto no Ken video games have been released in Japan thorought the years. The earliest Hokuto no Ken video game was a 1986 adventure game simply titled Hokuto no Ken, released by Enix for the NEC PC-8801. Toei Animation published many of the early Hokuto no Ken games for Nintendo consoles (Family Computer, Game Boy and Super Famicom), while Sega also published their own Hokuto no Ken action game for the Sega SG-1000 Mark III (which was later remade for the Sony PlayStation 2 under the Sega Ages lineup), along with a sequel, Hokuto no Ken: Shin Seikimatsu Kyūseishu Densetsu for the Sega Mega Drive. Two of Toei's Hokuto no Ken games, Fist of the North Star (Hokuto no Ken 2 in Japan) for the Nintendo Entertainment System and Fist of the North Star: 10 Big Brawls for the King of Universe for the Game Boy, were published in North America with the license retained. Both of Sega's Hokuto no Ken games were internationally as Black Belt and Last Battle respectively, with the North Star license and character likenesses removed.

In 1995, Banpresto published an original Hokuto no Ken adventure game for the Sega Saturn featuring an original storyline set sometime after the conclusion of the manga. It was ported to the Sony PlayStation the following year. In 2000, Bandai published a 3D action game for the PlayStation titled Hokuto no Ken: Seikimatsu Kyūseishu Densetsu.

In addition to original console games, there has also been Hokuto no Ken arcade games such as Konami's Fighting Mania boxing game, a competitive fighting game by Arc System Works (later released for the PlayStation 2 in Japan) and licensed Hokuto no Ken "pachislot" machines (hybrid pachinko and slot machines) and pachinko machines by Sammy (which have inspired video game versions for the PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, Nintendo DS and Wii). A series of Hokuto no Ken typing games were also made for Microsoft Windows. A Hokuto no Ken Online game is in the works.

The characters of Hokuto no Ken also appeared in two crossover games involving Shōnen Jump characters, 1989's Famicom Jump: Hero Retsuden for the Famicom and 2006's Jump Ultimate Stars for Nintendo DS.

[edit] Reception

Fist of the North Star was one of the Weekly Shōnen Jump's most popular titles during the 1980s. As of 2007, it is the seventh best-selling Shōnen Jump manga of all time in Japan.[29] In a poll conducted by TV Asahi in 2005, the Fist of the North Star anime series ranked 26 in a list of Top 100 Anime series.[30] In a second poll in 2006, it ranked No. 89.[31] In a celebrity version of the poll, it ranked No. 15.

[edit] Notes and references

  1. ^ "History of Toei Animation". http://www.toei-anim.co.jp/english/history/history.html. 
  2. ^ "Ken the great bear fist (TOEI Animation Europe)". http://www.toei-animation.com/en/catalog/ken_the_great_bear_fist. 
  3. ^ While the name Hokuto Shinken literally means Big Dipper Divine Fist, the standard translation for the fighting style is the same as its English title, Fist of the North Star. It is also referred as the Sacred Martial Arts of the Great Bear in Viz Media edition and as God Fist of the North Star in the Gutsoon! edition.
  4. ^ a b "Interview with Hara Tetsuo". Raijin Comics (waybacked). http://web.archive.org/web/20040629155120/www.raijincomics.com/extra/articles/article.aspx?_cid=77. Retrieved on 2007-07-21. 
  5. ^ "Interview with Buronson". ADV Films Presents: New Fist of the North Star. http://www.advfilms.com/titles/fistofthenorthstar/interview.html. Retrieved on 2007-07-21. 
  6. ^ "北斗の拳　全27巻・全巻セット｜原　哲夫／武論尊｜ジャンプコミックス｜BOOKNAVI｜集英社" (in Japanese). http://books.shueisha.co.jp/CGI/search/zen_list.cgi?siries_isbn=X-08-851661-3&siries_kanren_isbn=&mode=2. Retrieved on 2007-08-02. 
  7. ^ "北斗の拳／全15巻｜原　哲夫／武論尊｜愛蔵版コミックス｜BOOKNAVI｜集英社" (in Japanese). http://books.shueisha.co.jp/CGI/search/zen_list.cgi?siries_isbn=X-08-782601-5&siries_kanren_isbn=&mode=2. Retrieved on 2007-08-02. 
  8. ^ "北斗の拳全15巻・全巻セット｜原　哲夫／武論尊｜集英社文庫(コミック版)｜BOOKNAVI｜集英社" (in Japanese). http://books.shueisha.co.jp/CGI/search/zen_list.cgi?siries_isbn=X-08-617283-6&siries_kanren_isbn=&mode=2. Retrieved on 2007-08-01. 
  9. ^ "小学館：コミック" (in Japanese). http://skygarden.shogakukan.co.jp/skygarden/owa/solc_tid?tid=409180240&pat=a. Retrieved on 2007-08-02. 
  10. ^ "北斗の拳 原哲夫 : コアミックス - 電子書籍はeBookJapan : マンガ" (in Japanese). http://www.ebookjapan.jp/shop/title.asp?titleid=2841. Retrieved on 2007-08-02. 
  11. ^ "コアミックス" (in Japanese). http://www.coamix.co.jp/raijin/master/index.html. Retrieved on 2007-08-02. 
  12. ^ "週刊コミックバンチ★コアミックス：連載作品・作家紹介：天の覇王 北斗の拳 ラオウ外伝" (in Japanese). http://www.comicbunch.com/comic_info/tenno_haou/index.html. Retrieved on 2007-07-29. 
  13. ^ "ADV Nation: ADV Films to distribute Sentai Filmworks new license: Ten no Haoh (Fist of the North Star spin-off)". http://advnation.blogspot.com/2009/07/adv-films-to-distribute-sentai.html. 
  14. ^ "Amazon.com: 北斗の拳ユリア外伝慈母の星 (ビッグコミックススペシャル)" (in Japanese). http://www.amazon.co.jp/exec/obidos/ASIN/4091814786/hokuto1-22/ref=nosim. Retrieved on 2007-07-29. 
  15. ^ "週刊コミックバンチ★コアミックス：最新号情報と予告" (in Japanese). http://www.comicbunch.com/magazine_info/index.html. Retrieved on 2007-07-29. 
  16. ^ "週刊コミックバンチ★コアミックス：最新号情報と予告" (in Japanese). http://www.comicbunch.com/magazine_info/index.html. Retrieved on 2007-08-10. 
  17. ^ "北斗の拳 (official Toei site)" (in Japanese). http://www.toei-anim.co.jp/lineup/tv/hokuto/. Retrieved on 2007-09-01. 
  18. ^ "Hokuto no ken (1986)". Imdb.com. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0142371. Retrieved on 2008-09-14. 
  19. ^ ""New Fist of the North Star": My Mind Is Already Blown (Review from Toon Zone)". http://news.toonzone.net/article.php?ID=345. Retrieved on 2007-09-03. 
  20. ^ "Anime Jump review of New Fist of the North Star". http://www.animejump.com/index.php?module=prodreviews&func=showcontent&id=573. Retrieved on 2007-09-03. 
  21. ^ "AnimeOnDVD.com >> Disc Reviews >> New Fist of the North Star Vol. #1 (also w/box)". http://www.animeondvd.com/reviews2/disc_reviews/3249.php. Retrieved on 2007-09-03. 
  22. ^ "AnimeOnDVD.com >> Disc Reviews >> New Fist of the North Star Vol. #2". http://www.animeondvd.com/reviews2/disc_reviews/3514.php. Retrieved on 2007-09-03. 
  23. ^ "AnimeOnDVD.com >> Disc Reviews >> New Fist of the North Star Vol. #3". http://www.animeondvd.com/reviews2/disc_reviews/3559.php. Retrieved on 2007-09-03. 
  24. ^ "GAGA Communications, Inc.／International Sales Catalogue". http://www.gaga.co.jp/intl/2009/01/fist-of-the-north-star.html. 
  25. ^ "劇場版映画“北斗の拳「ラオウ外伝」純愛編”を2006年春全国東宝系公開" (in Japanese). http://www.nsp.tv/whatnew.cgi?mode=detail&number=4. Retrieved on 2007-08-30. 
  26. ^ "小説・北斗の拳" (in Japanese). http://books.shueisha.co.jp/CGI/search/syousai_put.cgi?isbn_cd=4-08-703054-7&mode=1. 
  27. ^ "北斗の拳 — 徳間書店" (in Japanese). http://www.tokuma.jp/book/tokumanovels/1176094107643. 
  28. ^ Dave Foster. "DVD Times - Fist of the North Star". http://dvdtimes.co.uk/content.php?contentid=12395. Retrieved on 2007-07-30. 
  29. ^ "Shōnen Jump Manga Circulation Numbers". ComiPress. http://comipress.com/article/2007/05/06/1923. Retrieved on 2007-07-21. 
  30. ^ "TV Asahi Top 100 Anime". Anime News Network. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2005-09-23/tv-asahi-top-100-anime. Retrieved on 2007-07-21. 
  31. ^ "Japan's Favorite TV Anime". Anime News Network. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2006-10-13/japan's-favorite-tv-anime. Retrieved on 2007-07-21. 

[edit] Bibliography

  • Editorial Staff of Shueisha (in Japanese). Hokuto no Ken Special: All About the Man (北斗の拳SPECIΑL ΑLL ΑBOUT THE MΑN?). 
  • Hara, Tetsuo (in Japanese). Tetsu no Don Quixote (鉄のドン·キホーテ Tetsu no Don Kihōte?, "The Iron Don Quixote"). ISBN 4420131098. 
  • Buronson (in Japanese). Shōsetsu Hokuto no Ken: Jubaku no Machi (小説·北斗の拳―呪縛の街?, "Fist of the North Star the Novel: The Cursed City"). ISBN 4087030547. 
  • Team Muscle. Hokuto no Ken Kyūkyoku Kaisetsusho: Sekimatsu Haō Retsuden (北斗の拳 究極解説書 世紀末覇王列伝?, "The Ultimate Handbook to Fist of the North Star: History of the Century's End Conqueror). ISBN 4834216845. 
  • Hokuto no Ken 2000: Kyūkyoku Kaisetsusho Part 2 (北斗の拳2000 究極解説書 PART2?, "Fist of the North Star 2000: The Ultimate Handbook Part 2"). ISBN 4834216853. 
  • Boku-tachi no Sukina Hokuto no Ken (僕たちの好きな北斗の拳?, "We Love Fist of the North Star"). ISBN 4796658580. 
  • Hokuto no Ken Kanzen Tokuhon (北斗の拳 完全読本?, "The Complete Guide to Fist of the North Star"). ISBN 4796669476. 

[edit] See also

[edit] External links

v • d • e
Weekly Shōnen Jump: 1980 – 1989
1980
1981
1982
1983
Wingman • Fist of the North Star • Ginga: Nagareboshi Gin
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
v • d • e
Fist of the North Star by Buronson and Tetsuo Hara
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fist_of_the_North_Star"
Personal tools