Florian Leopold Gassmann
Florian Leopold Gassmann (3 May 1729 – 21 January 1774) was a German-speaking Bohemian opera composer of the transitional period between the baroque and classical eras. He was one of the principal composers of dramma giocoso immediately before Mozart.
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[edit] Biography
Gassmann was born in Brux, Bohemia, and appears to have been trained by Johann Woborschil, the local chorus master. His father was a goldsmith who appears to have opposed his son's choice of a musical career.
From 1757 until 1762, he wrote an opera every year for the carnival season in Venice, and was also made choirmaster in the girls’ conservatory in Venice in 1757. Many of the librettos he set were by the great Venetian playwright Carlo Goldoni.
In 1763 he was called to be court ballet composer in Vienna, where he was held in great affection by Emperor Joseph II. In 1764, Gassmann became chamber composer to the Emperor, and in 1772 court conductor.
In 1766, Gassmann met the young Antonio Salieri in Venice, who he invited to return to Vienna with him, and who, based on Johann Joseph Fux’s textbook Gradus ad Passarnum, he taught composition. Salieri remained in Vienna, and succeeded Gassman as chamber composer to the Emperor upon the latter's death in 1774. Another Italian composer, Giuseppe Bono, succeeded him as court conductor.
In 1771, Gassman founded the Tonkünstlersozietät (Society of Musical Artists), which organised the first musical events for the general public in Vienna. This social institution was particularly concerned with widows and orphans of its deceased members. He composed his oratorio La Betulia liberata because of the founding of this society.
In 1774 Gassman died in Vienna of the long-term consequences of a carriage accident he had suffered while on his final visit to Italy.
Gassmann's two daughters, Anna Fux and Therese Rosenbaum, were both famous singers trained by Salieri; the younger, Therese, made a particular name for herself as a Mozart interpreter.
Charles Burney, in one of his published tours, mentions traveling to Joseph II, meeting Gassmann and finding him very obliging; Gassmann showed Burney his manuscripts, of which Burney found the chamber works distinctive and most worthy of his praise (but Burney was either not exposed to, or said nothing about, Gassmann's orchestral music.)[1]
Johann Baptist Vanhal is described by author Daniel Heartz as Gassmann's "protégé".[2]
[edit] Major works
[edit] Operas
See List of operas by Gassmann.
[edit] Cantatas
- Amore, e venere (1768)
- L’amor timido
[edit] Oratorios
- La Betulia Liberata (1772)
[edit] Sacred music
- Five masses
[edit] Instrumental music
Includes:
- 32 symphonies[3]
- 26 overtures[4]
- 37 string quartets include: Op. 1 six quartetti (H 431–6); Op. 2 (H 441–2, 435, 444–6); six published posthumously, 1804 (H 451–6)[5]
- 8 string quintets, 6 of which were published as Op. 2 in 1772 (H 501–506)
- string trios
- 2 trios for flute, violin and viola
- 10 wind quintets
[edit] References
- Notes
- ^ Heartz, Daniel (1995). Haydn, Mozart, and the Viennese School, 1740-1780 at Google Books. W. W. Norton & Co. pp. 411-2. ISBN 0393037126.
- ^ Heartz, p. 411.
- ^ Hill (1981), p. xxvii "32 concert symphonies, ... and 5 questionable [Q] and 8 spurious [S] symphonies and overtures."
- ^ Hill (1981), p. xxvii "26 opera overtures, ... and 5 questionable [Q] and 8 spurious [S] symphonies and overtures."
- ^ H numbers are those from Hill (1976), Thematic Catalog.
- Cited sources
- Hill, George R.: "Thematic Index" in The Symphony 1720 - 1840 Series B - Volume X, ed. Barry S. Brooks (New York & London, 1981) ISBN ?-???-?????-?
- Kosman, Joshua: Gassmann, Florian Leopold in 'The New Grove Dictionary of Opera', ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
- Other sources
- Hill, George Robert (1976). A thematic catalog of the instrumental music of Florian Leopold Gassmann. Hackensack, N.J.: J. Boonin. ISBN 0913574120. OCLC 2900431.
[edit] External links
- Free scores by Florian Leopold Gassmann in the Werner Icking Music Archive (WIMA)
- "Detailed biography, painting" (in Czech). http://mumost.cz/vismo/dokumenty2.asp?id_org=9959&id=3820&query=gassmann. Retrieved 2009-01-09.
- Free scores by Florian Leopold Gassmann at the International Music Score Library Project
