Fluoropolymer
A fluoropolymer is a fluorocarbon based polymer with multiple strong carbon–fluorine bonds. It is characterized by a high resistance to solvents, acids, and bases.
Contents |
[edit] History
In 1938, polytetrafluoroethylene (DuPont brand name Teflon) was discovered by accident by a recently-hired DuPont Ph.D., Roy J. Plunkett. While working with tetrafluoroethylene gas, he noticed missing weight. Scraping down his container, he found white flakes of a new-to-the-world polymer. Tests showed the substance was resistant to corrosion from most substances and had better high temperature stability than any other plastic. By early 1941, a crash program was making commercial quantities.[1][2][3]
[edit] Properties
Fluoropolymers share the properties of fluorocarbons in that they are not as susceptible to the van der Waals force as hydrocarbons. This contributes to their non-stick and friction reducing properties. Also, they are stable due to the stability multiple carbon–fluorine bonds add to a chemical compound. Fluoropolymers may be mechanically characterized as thermosets or thermoplastics. Fluoropolymers can be homopolymers or copolymers.[citation needed]
[edit] Examples of monomers used to prepare fluoropolymers
- Ethylene (E)
- Propylene (P)
- Vinyl fluoride (VF1)
- Vinylidene fluoride (VDF or VF2)
- Tetrafluoroethylene (TFE)
- Hexafluoropropylene (HFP)
- Perfluoropropylvinylether (PPVE)
- Perfluoromethylvinylether (PMVE)
- Chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE)
[edit] Examples of fluoropolymers
| Fluoropolymer | Trade names | Monomers | Melting point |
|---|---|---|---|
| PVF (polyvinylfluoride) | Tedlar[4] | VF1 | 200°C |
| PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) | Kynar[5] Solef[6] Hylar[7] | VF2 | 175°C |
| PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) | Sold by DuPont under the tradename Teflon; sold by Solvay Solexis under the tradenames Algoflon and Polymist | TFE | 327 °C |
| PCTFE (Kel-F, CTFE) (polychlorotrifluoroethylene) | CTFE | ||
| PFA (perfluoroalkoxy polymer) | Sold by DuPont under the tradename Teflon. Hyflon[8] | PPVE + TFE | 305°C |
| FEP (fluorinated ethylene-propylene) | Sold by DuPont under the tradename Teflon | HFP + TFE | 260°C |
| ETFE (polyethylenetetrafluoroethylene) | Tefzel,[9] Fluon[10] | TFE + E | 265°C |
| ECTFE (polyethylenechlorotrifluoroethylene) | Halar[11] | CTFE + E | |
| FFPM/FFKM (Perfluorinated Elastomer [Perfluoroelastomer]) | Kalrez.[12] Tecnoflon[13] | ||
| FPM/FKM (Fluorocarbon [Chlorotrifluoroethylenevinylidene fluoride]) | Viton,[14] Tecnoflon FKM | ||
| PFPE (Perfluoropolyether) | Sold by DuPont under the tradename Krytox. Sold by Solvay Solexis S.p.A. as Fomblin and Galden | ||
| Nafion | |||
| Perfluoropolyoxetane |
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedModFcchem; see Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text - ^ Hounshell, David A.; Smith, John Kenly (1988). Science and Corporate Strategy: DuPont R&D, 1902–1980. Cambridge University Press. pp. 147, 156–57, 482–484. ISBN 0521327679.
- ^ Okazoe, Takashi (2009). "Overview on the history of organofluorine chemistry from the viewpoint of material industry". Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B 85 (8): 276–89. Bibcode 2009PJAB...85..276O. doi:10.2183/pjab.85.276.
- ^ Tedlar is a registered trademark of DuPont
- ^ Kynar is a registered trademark of Arkema, Inc.
- ^ Solef is a registered trademark of Solvay Solexis S.p.A.
- ^ Hylar is a registered trademark of Solvay Solexis S.p.A.
- ^ Hyflon is a registered trademark of Solvay Solexis S.p.A.
- ^ Tefzel is a registered trademark of DuPont
- ^ Fluon is a registered trademark of Asahi Glass Company
- ^ Halar is a registered trademark of Solvay Solexis S.p.A.
- ^ Kalrez is a registered trademark of DuPont
- ^ Tecnoflon is a registered trademark of Solvay Solexis S.p.A.
- ^ Viton is a registered trademark of DuPont
15. Kryrox is a registered trademark of DuPont
