Flash Video
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| Filename extension | .flv, .f4v, .f4p, .f4a, .f4b |
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| Internet media type | video/x-flv, video/mp4, video/x-m4v, audio/mp4a-latm, video/3gpp, video/quicktime, audio/mp4 |
| Developed by | Adobe Systems (originally developed by Macromedia) |
| Type of format | Media container |
Flash Video is a file format used to deliver video over the Internet using Adobe Flash Player (initially produced by Macromedia) versions 6–10. Flash Video content may also be embedded within SWF files.
The format has quickly established itself as the format of choice for embedded video on the web. Notable users of the Flash Video format include YouTube, Google Video, Yahoo! Video, metacafe, Reuters.com, and many other news providers. The standards documentation for BBC Online deprecates the use of other formats previously in use on its sites[1] such as RealVideo or WMV.
Though the Flash Video container format itself is open, the codecs used with it are patented. Flash Video files usually contain material encoded with codecs following the H.263 or VP6 standards. The most recent public releases of Flash Player also support H.264 video and HE-AAC audio.
Flash Video is viewable on most operating systems, via the widely available Adobe Flash Player and web browser plugin, or one of several third-party programs.
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[edit] Flash Player
The Adobe Flash Player is a multimedia and application player originally developed by Macromedia and acquired by Adobe Systems. It plays SWF files which can be created by the Adobe Flash authoring tool, Adobe Flex, or a number of other Adobe Systems and third party tools. It has support for a scripting language called ActionScript, which can be used to display Flash Video from an SWF file. Because the Flash Player runs as a browser plug-in, it is possible to embed Flash Video in web pages and view the video within a web browser.
[edit] Format details
Commonly, Flash Video files contain video bit streams which are a variant of the H.263 video standard, under the name of Sorenson Spark (FourCC FLV1). Flash Player 8 and newer revisions also support the playback of On2 TrueMotion VP6 video bit streams (FourCC VP6F or FLV4). On2 VP6 can provide a higher visual quality than Sorenson Spark, especially when using lower bit rates. On the other hand it is computationally more complex and therefore will not run as well on certain older system configurations.
Flash Player 9 Update 3, released on December 3, 2007,[2] also includes support for the H.264 video standard (also known as MPEG-4 part 10, or AVC) which is even more computationally demanding, but offers significantly better quality/bitrate ratio.[3] Specifically, Flash Player now supports video compressed in H.264 (MPEG-4 Part 10), audio compressed using AAC (MPEG-4 Part 3), the MP4, M4V, M4A, 3GP and MOV multimedia container formats (MPEG-4 Part 14), 3GPP Timed Text specification (MPEG-4 Part 17) which is a standardized subtitle format and partial parsing support for the 'ilst' atom which is the ID3 equivalent iTunes uses to store metadata.[4]
The Flash Video file format supports two versions of a so called 'screenshare' codec which is an encoding format designed for screencasts. Both these formats are bitmap tile based, can be lossy by reducing color depths and are compressed using zlib. The second version is only playable in Flash Player 8 and newer.
Support for encoding Flash Video files is provided by an encoding tool included with Adobe's Flash Professional and Creative Suite products, On2's Flix encoding tools, Sorenson Squeeze, FFmpeg and other third party tools.
Audio in Flash Video files is usually encoded as MP3. However, audio in Flash Video files recorded from the user's microphone use the proprietary Nellymoser codec. FLV files also support uncompressed audio or ADPCM format audio. Recent versions of Flash Player 9 support AAC (HE-AAC/AAC SBR, AAC Main Profile, and AAC-LC).[5]
Since Flash Player 9 Update 3 Flash Video also supports the MPEG-4 international standard.
[edit] File formats
Because of restrictions in the .flv format, Adobe Systems has created new file formats listed below. Flash player does not check the extension of the file, but rather looks inside the file to detect which format it is.[4]
| File Extension | Mime Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| .f4v | video/mp4 | Video for Adobe Flash Player |
| .f4p | video/mp4 | Protected Video for Adobe Flash Player |
| .f4a | audio/mp4 | Audio for Adobe Flash Player |
| .f4b | audio/mp4 | Audio Book for Adobe Flash Player |
[edit] Codec support
[edit] FLV players
An FLV player is a type of media player that is used for playing flash video from PC as well as from Internet websites. An FLV player can be used standalone, without the need of the Adobe Flash authoring or developmental tools.
The following players support FLV files in their default installations:
[edit] Free software
[edit] Desktop-based
- Windows, Mac OS X, Linux-based
- VLC media player
- MPlayer
- GOM player
[edit] Web-based
- BitGravity Player
- Dash Media Player (Creative Commons Attribution or commercial license)
- Flowplayer embeddable video player (same version under GNU GPL 3 or a commercial license)
- Moyea Web Player(design customized flash video player in graphical interface)
- FPlayer (open source FLV Player Project, coded using Actionscript 3)
- Linux-based
[edit] Free software and shareware
[edit] Desktop-based
- Windows
- GOM Player
- RealPlayer
- CorePlayer
- Wimpy FLV Player
- Adobe Media Player
- The KMPlayer
- Sothink FLV Player
- Applian FLV Player
If ffdshow DirectShow codecs are installed on a Windows system, other software applications may also be able to play flv files:
- Media Player Classic
- Winamp
- Windows Media Player
- Zoom Player
- xine
- Any player which uses DirectShow after installation of ffdshow
- Mac OS X
- Adobe Media Player
- Wimpy FLV Player
- SWF & FLV Player
- QuickTime, after installation of the Perian video plugin
- CorePlayer
[edit] Web and desktop
- JW FLV Player (Web and Windows versions under CC by-nc-sa) (Note: not free when used commercially)
[edit] Web-based
- Dreamsocket Media Player
- Moyea Web Player
- FV H.264 FLV Ads Player (freeware H.264 FLV Advertising Supported Player by FLV Hosting)
- Sonettic Cinema FLV Player (freeware and commercial versions in SWF)
- Hitasoft Free RIPE FLVPlayer (html and flash video Pre/Post/Mid roll supported ,requires registration to download)
- FLV / H.264 Video Player I, II and III by FlashXpert
[edit] Mobile-based
- CE, Windows Mobile, Palm, Symbian
[edit] Recorders
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Please help improve this article or section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page. (October 2008) |
Flash Video is often delivered via an embedded Flash file, though there are various stream recorders available.
[edit] Delivery options
Flash Video files can be delivered in several different ways:
- As a standalone .FLV file. Although Flash Video files are normally delivered using a Flash player for control, the .FLV file itself is only playable with an FLV player. There are several third party players available.
- Embedded in an SWF file using the Flash authoring tool (supported in Flash Player 6 and later). The entire file must be transferred before playback can begin. Changing the video requires rebuilding the SWF file.
- Progressive download via HTTP (supported in Flash Player 7 and later). This method uses ActionScript to include an externally hosted Flash Video file client-side for playback. Progressive download has several advantages, including buffering, use of generic HTTP servers, and the ability to reuse a single SWF player for multiple Flash Video sources. Flash Player 8 includes support for random access within video files using the partial download functionality of HTTP, sometimes this is referred to as streaming. However, unlike streaming using RTMP, HTTP "streaming" does not support real-time broadcasting. Streaming via HTTP requires a custom player and the injection of specific Flash Video metadata containing the exact starting position in bytes and timecode of each keyframe. Using this specific information, a custom Flash Video player can request any part of the Flash Video file starting at a specified keyframe. For example, Google Video and Youtube support progressive downloading and can seek to any part of the video before buffering is complete. The server-side part of this "HTTP pseudo-streaming" method is fairly simple to implement, for example in PHP, as an Apache module, or using lighttpd.
- Streamed via RTMP to the Flash Player using the Flash Media Server (formerly called Flash Communication Server), VCS, ElectroServer, Wowza Pro, WebORB for .NET or the open source Red5 server. As of April 2008, there are stream recorders available for this protocol, re-encoding screencast software excluded.
[edit] See also
Adobe Flash
- SWF file format, the files generated by the Flash application and played by Flash Player.
- Adobe Flash Player, the runtime that executes and plays back Flash movies.
- Local Shared Object, means to save cookie-like information often used for video player configuration
- SWFObject, a JavaScript library used to embed Flash content (such as Flash Video players) into webpages.
Other
[edit] References
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2008) |
- ^ Future Media Standards & Guidelines - AV Addendum v1.5 BBC
- ^ "Adobe Flash Player 9 Downloads". Adobe. 2007-12-03. http://www.adobe.com/support/flashplayer/downloads.html#fp9. Retrieved on 2008-01-31.
- ^ http://www.adobe.com/devnet/flv/pdf/video_file_format_spec_v10.pdf
- ^ a b "What just happened to video on the web". Adobe. http://www.kaourantin.net/2007/08/what-just-happened-to-video-on-web_20.html.
- ^ "Flash Video (FLV) Open Source Flash". http://osflash.org/flv.
[edit] External links
- Flash Developer Center - Flash Video Articles
- Flash Video (FLV) File Format Specification (adobe.com)
- List of codecs supported by Adobe Flash Player versions from 6 to 9 (adobe.com)
- Macromedia Flash FLV Video File Format (Library of Congress)
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