Following

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This article is about a movie. For other meanings see wikt:following.

Following
Directed by	Christopher Nolan
Produced by	Emma Thomas Jeremy Theobald Peter Broderick
Written by	Christopher Nolan
Starring	Jeremy Theobald Alex Haw Lucy Russell John Nolan
Music by	David Julyan
Cinematography	Christopher Nolan
Distributed by	Zeitgeist Films
Release date(s)	April 3, 1999
Running time	70 min.
Language	English
Budget	$6,000

Following is a 1998 film noir by Christopher Nolan. It tells the story of a young man who follows strangers around the streets of London and is drawn into a criminal underworld when he fails to keep his distance. The film was made on a tiny budget,^[1] and features an unusual non-linear plot structure.

Contents 1 Plot 2 Production 3 Cast 4 Reception 5 References 6 External links

[edit] Plot

A struggling young writer takes to following strangers around the streets of London, ostensibly to find inspiration for his new novel.

Initially, he sets strict rules for himself regarding whom he should follow and for how long, but soon discards them as he focuses on a well-manicured man in a dark suit. The man in the suit quickly confronts the young man and introduces himself as "Cobb". Cobb reveals that he is a professional thief and invites the young man to accompany him on various burglaries. The material gains from these crimes seem to be of secondary importance to Cobb, who takes pleasure in rifling through the personal items in his targets' flats. He explains that his true passion is using the shock of robbery to make his victims re-examine their lives.

The young man is thrilled by Cobb's lifestyle and begins to emulate him, cutting his hair short and wearing a dark suit. He attempts break-ins of his own, as Cobb encourages and guides him. The young man also begins to follow a blonde woman, who claims to be the girlfriend of a local gangster. He makes unsuccessful advances on her, and later breaks into her flat. Afterwards, the blonde confides that the gangster is blackmailing her with incriminating photographs. The young man breaks into the gangster's safe, but finds only modeling photos and cash. After confronting the blonde, he learns that she and Cobb have been manipulating him into mimicking Cobb's behavior to frame him for Cobb's recent murder charge.

The young man leaves to turn himself in to the police. The blonde reports her success to Cobb, who then reveals that he actually works for the gangster and has a plan of his own. In order to stop the blonde from blackmailing the gangster with evidence from a recent murder, Cobb kills her. Once the young man finishes his story to the police, he learns that he has been framed for the blonde's murder, which was Cobb's plan for him all along. As the young man is arrested, Cobb disappears into a crowd.

[edit] Production

Following was written, directed, filmed, and co-produced by Christopher Nolan.^[1] It was filmed in London, UK, on black and white 16mm filmstock. Nolan used a non-linear plot structure for his movie, a device he again used in Memento, Batman Begins, and The Prestige. This type of storytelling, he says, reflected the audience's inherent uncertainty about characters in film noir:

In a compelling story of this genre we are continually being asked to rethink our assessment of the relationship between the various characters, and I decided to structure my story in such a way as to emphasize the audience's incomplete understanding of each new scene as it is first presented.^[1]

Following was written and planned to be as inexpensive to produce as possible, but Nolan has described the production of Following as "extreme", even for a no-budget shoot.^[1] With no money, limited equipment, and a cast and crew who were all in full-time employment on weekdays, the shoot took a full year to complete.^[1] The production was so small that on many of the shoots, the cast, crew and their equipment could travel to their locations in a single London taxi.^[1]

To conserve expensive filmstock, every scene in the film was rehearsed extensively to ensure that the first or second take could be used in the final edit.^[1] For the most part, Nolan filmed without professional film lighting equipment, employing only available light. He also used the homes and flats of his friends and family as locations.^[1]

[edit] Cast

• Jeremy Theobald as The Young Man
• Alex Haw as Cobb
• Lucy Russell as The Blonde
• John Nolan as The Policeman
• Dick Bradsell as The Bald Guy
• Gillian El-Kadi as Home Owner
• Jennifer Angel as Waitress
• Nicolas Carlotti as Barman
• Darren Ormandy as Accountant
• Guy Greenway as Heavy #1
• Tassos Stevens as Heavy #2
• Tristan Martin as Man at Bar
• Rebecca James as Woman at Bar
• Paul Mason as Home Owner's Friend
• David Bovill as Home Owner's Husband

Theobald, Russell and Nolan (director Christopher Nolan's uncle) would also later go on to have cameo appearances in Christopher Nolan's Batman Begins. Interestingly, in one of the film's early scenes, there is a Batman logo on the apartment's front door.

[edit] Reception

Following received generally positive reviews. Its aggregate review score from Rottentomatoes.com is 80%.^[2]

The Los Angeles Times was particularly impressed with the film, saying that it was a "taut and ingenious neo-noir" and that "as a psychological mystery it plays persuasively if not profoundly. Nolan relishes the sheer nastiness he keeps stirred up, unabated for 70 minutes."^[3] TV Guide called it "short, sharp and tough as nails",^[4] praising its fast-paced storytelling and 'tricky, triple-tiered flashback structure'.^[4] Reel.com was similarly impressed with the unusual narrative style, saying that "far from gimmicky [...] the lack of conventional narrative structure contributes much to the growing suspense and artfully mimics Bill's sense of dislocation."^[5]

However, Time Out London felt that the film's climax was uninspired, saying that "the generic pay off is a little disappointing after the edgy, character based scenes of exposition."^[6] Empire magazine questioned the skill of the film's inexperienced cast, saying that they "lack the dramatic ballast to compensate for [Nolan's] erratic plot elisions"^[7]

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Following at the Internet Movie Database
• Following at Allmovie

v • d • e Films directed by Christopher Nolan 1990s Following (1998) 2000s Memento (2000) • Insomnia (2002) • Batman Begins (2005) • The Prestige (2006) • The Dark Knight (2008) 2010s Inception (2010)