Ford Sigma engine

Ford Sigma engine

Manufacturer	Ford Motor Company
Also called	Zetec Duratec Duratec Ti-VCT
Production	1995–2012
Predecessor	Ford CVH engine Ford Kent engine
Successor	Ford EcoBoost engine
Configuration	DOHC straight 4
Displacement	1.25 L 1.4 L 1.6 L 1.7 L
Cylinder block alloy	aluminium
Cylinder head alloy	aluminium
Supercharger	none
Turbocharger	none
Fuel system	EFI
Fuel type	gasoline
Dry weight	1.6 L Zetec - 81 kg 1.6 L Duratec - 90 kg

Introduced in 1995, the Ford Sigma is a small straight-4 automobile engine sold by Ford Motor Company. First evolution of engines were sold as the "Zetec-SE" (although frequently badged as Zetec-S, not to be confused with the trim level). After the upgrade Ford renamed Sigma to Duratec. Last upgrade of engine is named Duratec Ti-VCT. The engine was introduced in the mid-1990s and production continues through the present. Like the SHO V6 and SHO V8, the Sigma was designed with help from Yamaha. Intended for Ford's smaller models, it was intended to replace the older HCS (a derivative of the even older Kent unit) and smaller capacity CVH units.

The Zetec-SE has no common parts or design with the larger Zetec-E engines apart from the name. This gives rise to some confusion since it suggests that they are members of the same family, but are in fact, completely different. Zetec-E units are mounted transversely with the inlet manifold at the rear, whereas the Zetec-SE units are mounted with the inlet manifold at the front.

Introduction and Innovations

When the Zetec-SE first arrived in 1995 it included many firsts, such as a plastic inlet manifold, a "ladder" style main bearing and crankcase assembly, and big-end bearing caps which are forged in one piece and subsequently split. It also incorporates powder metal connecting rods, which were quite exotic and notable at the time. The engine first appeared in the Mk4 Ford Fiesta and the virtually identical Mazda 121 in 1.25L (1242cc) capacity, with 1.4 L (1388cc), 1.6 L (1596cc) and 1.7 L (1679cc) derivatives coming later.

Difference between Zetec-SE/Zetec-S/Duratec/Duratec Ti-VCT

• 

  1.25-Litre-Duratec-Engine in a 2009 Ford Fiesta

• 

  1.7-Litre-Zetec-S-Engine in a Ford Puma

• 

  1.6-Litre-Duratec-Engine with TI-VCT in a 2012 Ford Focus

Sigma engined is introduced under Zetec-SE name, after the upgrade it was renamed to Duratec. Latest upgrade of Sigma is called Duratec Ti-VCT.

Zetec-SE

Code	Years	Displacement (bore x stroke)/Type	Power@rpm	torque@rpm	Compression (:1)
1.25 Zetec-SE	1995-	1,242 cc (1.242 L; 75.8 cu in) (71.9 mm (2.83 in)x76.5 mm (3.01 in)) I4	75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp)@5200	110 N·m (81 lb·ft)@4000	10
1.4 Zetec-SE	1998-	1,388 cc (1.388 L; 84.7 cu in) (76 mm (3.0 in)x76.5 mm (3.01 in)) I4	75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp)@5000	124 N·m (91 lb·ft)@3500	11
1.4 Zetec-SE	1995-	1,388 cc (1.388 L; 84.7 cu in) (76 mm (3.0 in)x76.5 mm (3.01 in)) I4	90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp)@5500	123 N·m (91 lb·ft)@4000	10.3
1.6 Zetec-SE	1998-	1,596 cc (1.596 L; 97.4 cu in) (79 mm (3.1 in)x81.4 mm (3.20 in)) I4	100 PS (74 kW; 99 hp)@6000	145 N·m (107 lb·ft)@4000	11

Zetec-S

1.7 Zetec-S VCT	1997-	1,679 cc (1.679 L; 102.5 cu in) (80 mm (3.1 in)x83.5 mm (3.29 in)) I4	126 PS (93 kW; 124 hp)@6300	157 N·m (116 lb·ft)@4500	10.3
1.7 Zetec-S VCT	1999-	1,679 cc (1.679 L; 102.5 cu in) (80 mm (3.1 in)x83.5 mm (3.29 in)) I4	155 PS (114 kW; 153 hp)@7000	162 N·m (119 lb·ft)@4500	10.3

The 1,679 cc (1.679 L; 102.5 cu in) engines uses a heavily modified 1.6 L engine block and features Variable Cam Timing on the inlet camshaft. This displacement has only been used in Ford Puma. 155 PS engine has only been used for the Ford Racing Puma with only 500 units built.

Duratec

Code	Years	Displacement (bore x stroke)/Type	Power@rpm	torque@rpm	Compression (:1)
1.25 Duratec	2008-	1,242 cc (1.242 L; 75.8 cu in) (71.9 mm (2.83 in)x76.5 mm (3.01 in)) I4	60 PS (44 kW; 59 hp)@	109 N·m (80 lb·ft)@	11.0:1
1.25 Duratec	2008-	1,242 cc (1.242 L; 75.8 cu in) (71.9 mm (2.83 in)x76.5 mm (3.01 in)) I4	80 PS (59 kW; 79 hp)@	114 N·m (84 lb·ft)@	11.0:1
1.4 Duratec	2002-	1,388 cc (1.388 L; 84.7 cu in) (76 mm (3.0 in)x76.5 mm (3.01 in)) I4	80 PS (59 kW; 79 hp)@5700	124 N·m (91 lb·ft)@3500	11.0:1
1.4 Duratec	2008-	1,388 cc (1.388 L; 84.7 cu in) (76 mm (3.0 in)x76.5 mm (3.01 in)) I4	96 PS (71 kW; 95 hp)@	125 N·m (92 lb·ft)@	11.0:1
1.6 Duratec	2004-	1,596 cc (1.596 L; 97.4 cu in) (79 mm (3.1 in)x81.4 mm (3.20 in)) I4	100 PS (74 kW; 99 hp)@6000	150 N·m (110 lb·ft)@4000	11.0:1

Ford upgraded Sigma and renamed it to Duratec.

Technical details

2008 1.25 Duratec 60/82 hp (Fiesta Mk6) Valve gear - DOHC, Mechanical Tappets / Belt drive Valves per cylinder - 4 Camshaft drive - Belt Crankshaft - Spheroidal Engine management - PCM Fuel injection - Port fuel injection Ignition - 4-tower Coil Emission controls - PCM Emission level - Euro4 Lubrication system capacity with/without filter (L) - 3.8/ 3.5 Cooling system capacity, incl. heater (5.5) Fuel type, grade - Petrol, 95/98 RON 2008 1.4 Duratec 96 hp (Fiesta Mk6) Valve gear - DOHC, Mechanical Tappets / Belt drive Valves per cylinder - 4 Camshaft drive - Belt Crankshaft - Spheroidal Engine management - PCM Fuel injection - Port fuel injection Ignition - 4-tower Coil Emission controls - PCM Emission level - Euro4 Lubrication system capacity with/without filter (L) - 3.8/ 3.5 Cooling system capacity, incl. heater (5.5) Fuel type, grade - Petrol, 95/98 RON 2007 1.4 Duratec 80 hp (Focus MkII facelift) Valve gear - DOHC Valves per cylinder - 4 Camshaft drive - Belt Crankshaft bearings - 5 Engine management - Siemens Fuel injection - Electronic fuel injection (EFI) Ignition - Electronic distributor less Emission controls - Close-coupled, closed loop, three-way catalyst with oxygen sensor Emission level - Euro4 Lubrication system - Pressure-fed lubrication system with full flow oil filter Lubrication system capacity with/without filter (L) - 3.8/ 3.5 Cooling system - Water pump with thermostat and valves Cooling system capacity, incl. heater (5.5) Fuel type, grade - Unleaded petrol, 95 RON 2007 1.6 Duratec 100 hp (Focus MkII facelift) Valve gear - DOHC Valves per cylinder - 4 Camshaft drive - Belt Crankshaft bearings - 5 Engine management - Siemens Fuel injection - Electronic fuel injection (EFI) Ignition - Electronic distributor less Emission controls - Close-coupled, closed loop, three-way catalyst with oxygen sensor Emission level - Euro4 Lubrication system - Pressure-fed lubrication system with full flow oil filter Lubrication system capacity with/without filter (L) - 4.1/ 3.75 Cooling system - Water pump with thermostat and valves Cooling system capacity, incl. heater (5.8) Fuel type, grade - Unleaded petrol, 95 RON

Duratec Ti-VCT

Code	Years	Displacement (bore x stroke)/Type	Power@rpm	torque@rpm	Compression (:1)
1.6 Duratec Ti-VCT	2004-	1,596 cc (1.596 L; 97.4 cu in) (79 mm (3.1 in)?x81.4 mm (3.20 in)?) I4	115 PS (85 kW; 113 hp)@6000	155 N·m (114 lb·ft)@4150	11.0:1
1.6 Duratec Ti-VCT	2007-	1,596 cc (1.596 L; 97.4 cu in) (79 mm (3.1 in)?x81.4 mm (3.20 in)?) I4	110 PS (81 kW; 110 hp)@6000	152 N·m (112 lb·ft)@4050	11.0:1
1.6 Duratec Ti-VCT	2007-	1,596 cc (1.596 L; 97.4 cu in) (79 mm (3.1 in)?x81.4 mm (3.20 in)?) I4	125 PS (92 kW; 123 hp)@6300	160 N·m (120 lb·ft)@4100	11.0:1
1.6 Duratec Ti-VCT	2008-	1,596 cc (1.596 L; 97.4 cu in) (79 mm (3.1 in)?x81.4 mm (3.20 in)?) I4	120 PS (88 kW; 120 hp)@6300	160 N·m (120 lb·ft)@4100	11.0:1
1.6 Duratec Ti-VCT	2010-	1,596 cc (1.596 L; 97.4 cu in) (79 mm (3.1 in)?x81.4 mm (3.20 in)?) I4	105 PS (77 kW; 104 hp)@6000	150 N·m (110 lb·ft)@4000-4500	11.0:1

The 1,596 cc (1.596 L; 97.4 cu in) Ti-VCT (Twin independent Variable Camshaft Timing) version includes variable valve timing, and generates more power and torque over non-VVT counterparts. Latest versions comply with the EU5 emission level.

Technical details

2007 1.6 Duratec Ti-VCT 110 hp (Mondeo) Valve gear - DOHC, Tappets Valves per cylinder - 4 Camshaft drive - Belt Crankshaft - 4 counterweights Engine management - Siemens ECM EMS2101 16 Bit Fuel injection - EFI Ignition - Tower Coil Emission controls - Hego/CMS (Dual Binary Sensors) Emission level - Euro4 Included angle between valves 41.75° Valve sizes (mm) - Intake 30, Exhaust 24.1 2007 1.6 Duratec Ti-VCT 125 hp (Mondeo) Valve gear - DOHC, Tappets Valves per cylinder - 4 Camshaft drive - Belt Crankshaft - 4 counterweights Engine management - Siemens ECM EMS2101 16 Bit Fuel injection - EFI Ignition - Tower Coil Emission controls - Hego/CMS (Dual Binary Sensors) Emission level - Euro4 Included angle between valves 41.75° Valve sizes (mm) - Intake 30, Exhaust 24.1 2008 1.6 Duratec Ti-VCT 120 hp (Fiesta Mk6) Valve gear - DOHC, Mechanical Tappets / Belt drive Valves per cylinder - 4 Camshaft drive - Belt Crankshaft - 4 counterweights Engine management - Siemens Fuel injection - EFI Ignition - 4-tower Coil Emission controls - Hego/CMS Emission level - Euro4 Cooling system capacity - 5.5 Fuel type, grade - Petrol, 87 RON 2007 1.6 Duratec Ti-VCT 115 hp (Focus MkII facelift) Valve gear - DOHC Valves per cylinder - 4 Camshaft drive - Belt Crankshaft bearings - 5 Engine management - Siemens Fuel injection - Electronic fuel injection (EFI) Ignition - Electronic distributor less Emission controls - Close-coupled, closed loop, three-way catalyst with oxygen sensor Emission level - Euro4 Lubrication system - Pressure-fed lubrication system with full flow oil filter Lubrication system capacity with/without filter (L) - 4.1/ 3.75 Cooling system - Water pump with thermostat and valves Cooling system capacity, incl. heater (6.0) Fuel type, grade - Unleaded petrol, 95 RON

2010 1.6 Duratec Ti-VCT 120 hp (Mondeo facelift) Valve gear - DOHC, Tappets Valves per cylinder - 4 Camshaft drive - Belt Crankshaft - 4 counterweights Engine management - Siemens ECM EMS2101 16 Bit Fuel injection - EFI Ignition - Tower Coil Emission controls - Hego/CMS (Dual Binary Sensors) Emission level - Euro5 Included angle between valves 41.75° Valve sizes (mm) - Intake 30, Exhaust 24.1 2011 1.6 Duratec Ti-VCT 105/125 hp (Focus MkIII) Valve gear - DOHC with 4 valves per cylinder, twin independent variable cam timing Valves per cylinder - 4 Camshaft drive - Timing belt with dynamic tensioner Crankshaft - Cast iron, 4 counterweights, 5 main bearings Engine management - Siemens ECM EMS2101 16 Bit Fuel injection - Electronic port fuel injection Emission controls - Close coupled three-way catalyst system with heated oxygen sensors and catalyst monitor sensors post catalyst Emission level - Euro5 Lubrication system - Pressure-fed lubrication system with full flow oil filter Lubrication system capacity with filter (L) - 4.1 Cooling system - Water pump with thermostat and valves Cooling system capacity, incl. heater (5.5)

Crate engine versions

Crate engine versions of Zetec-SE engines are sold by Ford Power Products under the name ZSG Range.

Code	Years	Displacement (bore x stroke)/Type	Power@rpm	torque@rpm	Compression (:1)
ZSG 414	?-	1,388 cc (1.388 L; 84.7 cu in) (76 mm (3.0 in)x76.5 mm (3.01 in)) I4	75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp)@5700	124 N·m (91 lb·ft)@3500	11
ZSG 416	?-	1,595 cc (1.595 L; 97.3 cu in) (79 mm (3.1 in)x81.4 mm (3.20 in)) I4	100 PS (74 kW; 99 hp)@6000	146 N·m (108 lb·ft)@4000	11

Applications

Engine type	ratings	vehicles
1,242 cc (1.242 L; 75.8 cu in) I4	60 PS (44 kW; 59 hp), 109 N·m (80 lb·ft)	2008–Present Ford Fiesta Mk7
	75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp)@6000, 110 N·m (81 lb·ft)@4000	1995-2002 Ford Fiesta Mk4 1.25 2002-2008 Ford Fiesta Mk5 1.25
	80 PS (59 kW; 79 hp), 114 N·m (84 lb·ft)	2008–Present Ford Fiesta Mk7
1,388 cc (1.388 L; 84.7 cu in) I4	75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp), 124 N·m (91 lb·ft)	1998-2004 Ford Focus 1.4
	80 PS (59 kW; 79 hp)@5700, 124 N·m (91 lb·ft)@3500	2002–2008 Ford Fiesta Mk5 1.4 2002–2010 Ford Fusion 1.4
	90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp), 125 N·m (92 lb·ft)	1995-2002 Ford Fiesta Mk4 1.4 1997-2000 Ford Puma 1.4
	96 PS (71 kW; 95 hp), 125 N·m (92 lb·ft)	2008–Present Ford Fiesta Mk6
1,596 cc (1.596 L; 97.4 cu in) I4	100 PS (74 kW; 99 hp)@6000, 145 N·m (107 lb·ft)@4000	1998-2004 Ford Focus 1.6 1999-2002 Ford Fiesta Mk4 1.6 2002-2008 Ford Fiesta Mk5 1.6 2000-2002 Ford Puma 1.6 2002–2010 Ford Fusion 1.6
	100 PS (74 kW; 99 hp)@6000, 150 N·m (110 lb·ft)@4000	2004–2011 Ford Focus 1.6 2003–2010 Ford Focus C-MAX 1.6 2002-2008 Ford Fiesta 1.6
1,596 cc (1.596 L; 97.4 cu in) I4 Ti-VCT	115 PS (85 kW; 113 hp)@6000, 155 N·m (114 lb·ft)@4150	2004–2011 Ford Focus 1.6 2004–2010 Ford Focus C-MAX 1.6 2007–Present Ford Mondeo 1.6
	120 PS (88 kW; 120 hp)@6000, 152 N·m (112 lb·ft)@4050	2008–Present Ford Fiesta Mk6
	105 PS (77 kW; 104 hp)@6000, 150 N·m (110 lb·ft)@4000-4500	2011–Present Ford Focus 1.6 2010–Present Ford C-Max 1.6
	110 PS (81 kW; 110 hp)@6300, 160 N·m (120 lb·ft)@4100	2007–Present Ford Mondeo 1.6
	125 PS (92 kW; 123 hp)@6000, 159 N·m (117 lb·ft)@4000	2008–Present Ford Mondeo 1.6 (160 Nm) 2011–Present Ford Focus 1.6 2010–Present Ford C-Max 1.6
1,679 cc (1.679 L; 102.5 cu in) I4 VCT	126 PS (93 kW; 124 hp)@6300, 157 N·m (116 lb·ft)@4500	1997-2002 Ford Puma 1.7
	155 PS (114 kW; 153 hp)@7000, 162 N·m (119 lb·ft)@4500	1999-2000 Ford Racing Puma 1.7

Current Use

The Ford Sigma engine is produced at Bridgend Ford in Wales

Today Sigma engine is used by Focus, Fiesta, C-Max and Mondeo.

1.25/1.4/1.6 L Sigma

These engines in the First generation Focus produced 75 and 100 bhp (75 kW; 101 PS) respectively, but for MkII Focus the 1.4 variant was slightly modified and produced 80 bhp (60 kW; 81 PS). Both engines have belt driven camshafts and Electronic Fuel Injection systems. They weight 90 kilograms. [1] [2] The 1.6 Ti-VCT is introduced in 2004, it which features Variable Cam Timing; this 115 bhp (86 kW; 117 PS) version is used in MkII Focus. A new 105/125 bhp EU5 version is used in the MkIII Focus, also a 1.6 L 120 hp (89 kW) version is used in Ford Fiesta Zetec-S. Sigma uses the Ford IB5 5-speed transmission.

Caterham usage

Caterham Cars use Ford Sigma engine [3] along with others. 2011 Caterham Super 7 uses tuned Sigme engine [4] which produces 140 hp (104 kW) at 6900 rpm.
Ford Sigma 1.6-litre overview Technical features:

• High level of running refinement and low emission levels
• Aluminium alloy cylinder block and head
• Cross flow cylinder head
• Structural aluminium oil-pan for increased engine stiffness
• Twin overhead camshafts each with five bearings
• Sequential multi-port fuel injection system
• Long life, glass fibre reinforced camshaft drive belt with automatic tensioner
• State-of-the-art Twin Independent Variable Camshaft Timing (on Ti-VCT variant)

Code	Displacement (bore x stroke)/Type	Power@rpm	torque@rpm	Compression (:1)
Ford Sigma 1.6 125 hp	1,595 cc (1.595 L; 97.3 cu in) (79 mm (3.1 in)?x81.4 mm (3.20 in)?) I4	125 PS (92 kW; 123 hp)@6100	162 N·m (119 lb·ft)@5350	11.0:1
Ford Sigma 1.6 150 hp	1,595 cc (1.595 L; 97.3 cu in) (79 mm (3.1 in)?x81.4 mm (3.20 in)?) I4	150 PS (110 kW; 150 hp)@6900	162 N·m (119 lb·ft)@5600	11.0:1
Caterham Sigma 1.6 Ti-VCT EU4	1,595 cc (1.595 L; 97.3 cu in) (79 mm (3.1 in)?x81.4 mm (3.20 in)?) I4	115 PS (85 kW; 113 hp)@6000	155 N·m (114 lb·ft)@4150	11.0:1

Replacement

In 2012 Ford will replace the Sigma engine a with brand new 3-cylinder 1.0 liter EcoBoost engine. The new engine will provide more power and torque with less fuel consumption and less CO2 emissions.

See also

• Ford Duratec engine
• Ford Zetec engine
• List of Ford engines

References

• "ZSG Range Leaflet" (PDF). Ford Power Products.