Foreign relations of Serbia
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| This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Serbia |
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Foreign relations of Serbia are accomplished by efforts of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Serbia has inherited the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, along with all of its holdings, after the dissolution of the previous state union with Montenegro. Serbian foreign ministries continue to serve citizens of the Republic of Montenegro in countries that do not have Montenegrin diplomatic presence. The governments of Serbia and Montenegro expressed an interest in pursuing a common foreign policy. Former President of Serbia Boris Tadić referred to relations with the European Union (EU), Russia, United States and China as the four pillars of foreign policy.[1] Serbia joined the United Nations on 1 November 2000.
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Europe [edit]
Former union states and provinces [edit]
Bosnia and Herzegovina [edit]
Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Belgrade. Serbia has an embassy in Sarajevo and a consulate-general in Banja Luka. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and the Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA). Serbia is an official candidate and Bosnia is recognized as potential candidate country by the European Union.
Croatia [edit]
The two countries established diplomatic relations on 9 September 1996. Croatia has an embassy in Belgrade and a general consulate in Subotica. Serbia has an embassy in Zagreb and two general consulates (in Rijeka and Vukovar). There are around 200,000 people of Serbian descent living in Croatia and around 70,000 Croats living in Serbia.
Kosovo [edit]
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The neutrality of this article is disputed. (March 2009) |
On 17 February 2008, the former province of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence from Serbia, forming the Republic of Kosovo in the process. Serbia, Morocco, Russia, Greece, Romania, China, Ukraine, Pakistan, Spain, India, Brazil, South Africa, Argentina, Algeria, Belarus, Palestine, Bolivia, Indonesia and many others do not recognize Kosovo as an independent state. Serbia has vowed to fight Kosovo's admission to international organizations. The Republic of Kosovo does not have and has not yet applied for United Nations membership. As of 16 March 2013, 99 United Nations member states and Taiwan recognize Kosovo as an independent state. But still, with the strong and firm opposition of both Russia and China and their allies, Kosovo has no current prospects of becoming a member of the United Nations.[2]
Serbia, in response to nations which have recognized Kosovo as an independent nation, has consistently recalled its ambassadors to these nations in an act of protest.[3] These countries include the United States, Albania, Bulgaria, Republic of Macedonia, Colombia, Croatia, France, Germany, Hungary, Turkey, Slovenia and the United Kingdom.
Montenegro [edit]
Montenegro has an embassy in Belgrade. Serbia has an embassy in Podgorica and a Consulate-General in Herceg Novi.
Macedonia [edit]
The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia that was formed in 1992 by the remaining Yugoslav republics Montenegro and Serbia established diplomatic relations with the Republic of Macedonia on 8 April 1996.[4] The establishment of bilateral relations has been done under Macedonia's constitutional name - Republic of Macedonia.[5] Serbia therefore is one of 125 countries in the world recognizing Macedonia under the constitutional name.[6] Macedonia has an embassy in Belgrade, while Serbia's embassy is located in Skopje.
Slovenia [edit]
- Serbia has an embassy in Ljubljana.[7]
- Slovenia has an embassy in Belgrade.[8]
- Both countries are full members of the Central European Initiative and of the Southeast European Cooperative Initiative.
- Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relation with Slovenia
Nearest neighbours [edit]
Multilateral regional co-operation falls within the priorities of foreign policy and international relations of Serbia as an instrument and substance of its co-operation with neighbours in the region and within the context of the Serbia inclusion in European integrations, Euro-Atlantic structures and EU.
In the context of Serbia inclusion in multilateral economic and political relations and integrations as well as in the context of globalization, the relations and co-operation of regional character are of importance in the field of liberalization of trade and further affirmation of market economy and free trade. In that respect, the efforts to turn the region of South Eastern Europe into a free trade zone in which Serbia is actively participating through bilateral negotiations with neighbours and in the region (free trade agreements with Macedonia, Hungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as negotiations with Croatia, Bulgaria, Slovenia and Albania), are of particular importance. Serbia enjoys relatively good relations with its neighbouring countries. The border with Bosnia and Herzegovina along the Drina River continues to be an issue, whilst the issue of independence for Kosovo is of particular concern to Serbia.
| Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
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| See Albania–Serbia relations | ||
See Bulgaria–Serbia relations
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| See Foreign relations of the Czech Republic | ||
| See Greece–Serbia relations
Friendly relations have played an important role in bilateral relations between the two nations, especially during the wars of the 1990s and the Balkans Campaign[15] in World War I. Due to the strong historical friendship and the deep cultural and religious ties between the two nations, Greece and Serbia enjoy historically, religiously and culturally close ties which are confirmed by a regular political dialogue. Greece is the top investor in Serbian economy[16] and during the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, Greece openly expressed its disapproval and polls revealed that 94% of the Greek population were completely opposed to the bombing.[17] The more dramatic event was a People's Tribunal of over a 10.000 people in Athens, Greece, where the Greek Supreme Court declared president Clinton and NATO leaders guilty of war crimes.[18] |
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| 1995 | See Moldova–Serbia relations
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| See Romania–Serbia relations | ||
See Russia–Serbia relations
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| 1993 | See Serbia–Slovakia relations
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| 15 April 1994 | See Serbia–Ukraine relations
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Rest of Europe [edit]
Serbia has signed the Stabilisation and Association Agreement (SAA) with the European Union on 29 April 2008 and is to seek the status of a candidate country to join the EU once the national parliament has ratified the SAA.
Middle East [edit]
Serbia enjoys good relations with the Middle East, these are inherited by the independent Serbia from its time as the hub of a federation (i.e., Yugoslavia) which was very active in the Non-Aligned Movement during the 1960s. Israel, Syria, Iraq, United Arab Emirates and Egypt are important economic partners of Serbia, as Israel invests in the Serbian construction industry and Egypt is a large market for Zastava automobiles. Serbia also has an important security agreement with Iran,[42] another important economic and political partner of Serbia. Serbia also maintains diplomatic relations with the Palestinian National Authority. Serbia wishes to intensify relations with the CCASG countries, namely Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar and Kuwait.
| Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
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| 1989 | ||
| 1945 |
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| 1958 | ||
| 1992[45] |
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| 1963 |
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| 1974 |
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| 1988 |
Main article: Palestine–Serbia relations
Relations between Serbia and Palestine have been very close and friendly. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was one of the first countries to recognize Palestine in November 1988 and its successor Serbia maintained close relations, favoring a Two-State solution. Palestine for its part, has refused to recognize the independence of Kosovo.[49][50] |
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| 1989 | ||
| 17 April 2013[51] |
See Saudi Arabia-Serbia relations
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| 1946 |
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| 21 March 2007 |
See Serbia–United Arab Emirates relations
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Asia [edit]
Serbia has excellent relations with countries such as the People's Republic of China, Japan, Singapore and South Korea. These four countries are important economic partners for Serbia in Asia.
| Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
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| 1954 | See Afghanistan-Serbia relations
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| 9 December 2011 | ||
| 5 December 2011 |
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| 1956 | ||
| See India–Serbia relations | ||
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Indonesia has very close relations with Serbia, especially within the fields of trade, culture and tourism. Indonesia has also voiced support for Serbia's territorial integrity over the Kosovo issue.[55] |
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| 20 May 1997 | See Japan–Serbia relations | |
| 1996 |
See Kazakhstan–Serbia relations
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| 2003 |
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| 1974 | ||
| See Serbia–South Korea relations
South Korea has an embassy in Belgrade and Serbia has an embassy in South Korea |
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| See Pakistan–Serbia relations
Pakistan considers Serbia to be a very important country and that the relations between the two states are warm and friendly.[61] |
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See People's Republic of China–Serbia relations
China has always traditionally had very warm and close relations with Belgrade since the establishing of diplomatic relations in 1955.[62] |
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| 1996 | ||
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North Africa [edit]
Many of the North African countries (Algeria, Libya, Tunisia and Morocco) enjoy good relations with Serbia and are important trading partners. Tunisia is a hugely popular tourist destination for Serbs as there is no visa required for Serb nationals entering the country.
| Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
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| See Algeria-Serbia relations | ||
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See Libya–Serbia relations
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Sub-Saharan Africa [edit]
Ever since the times of Josip Broz Tito and the Non-Aligned Movement, Serbia has enjoyed excellent relations with African nations. South Africa is Serbia's closest ally in Africa and the two nations have had excellent relations since the signing of diplomatic relations in 1992 following the end of the Apartheid system. South Africa is also home to around 20 000 Serbs mainly living in the Johannesburg area.[66] South Africa is also voicing support for Serbia over the Kosovo issue.[67] Nelson Mandela has also been made an honorary citizen of Belgrade.[68] Serbia is also actively involved in many investments in Angola with whom it has excellent political and economic relations.
| Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
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| 1975 |
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| 1976 | ||
| 1961 |
See Democratic Republic of Congo–Serbia relations
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| See Ethiopia–Serbia relations | ||
| 1960 | ||
| 1963 |
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| 1972 | ||
| 1961 | ||
| 1960 | ||
| 1960 | ||
| 2 April 1992 |
Main article: South Africa–Serbia relations
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| 4 Janurary 2012[70] | See South Sudan–Serbia relations | |
| 1964 |
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| 1980 |
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Americas [edit]
Serbia has very good relations with Latin America, except Colombia, which did recognize Kosovo's independence. Brazil, the largest country in the region, decided not to recognize Kosovo's independence until an agreement with Serbia is reached.[71] See also Brazil-Serbia relations
| Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
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See Argentina–Serbia relations
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| See Foreign relations of Canada | ||
| See Cuba–Serbia relations | ||
| 2010[73] | See Dominica–Serbia relations | |
| 24 May 1946 | See Mexico–Serbia relations
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| 2011[77] | See St. Vincent and the Grenadines–Serbia relations | |
| See Serbia–United States relations
Prior to World War I and creation of Yugoslavia, Serbia and the US enjoyed excellent relations. Bilateral relations between Serbia and the United States were established in 1882. At the outset of hostilities between NATO and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the spring of 1999, the United States and Yugoslavia severed diplomatic relations. After the overthrow of the Milosevic government in October 2000, the following month the United States reestablished a diplomatic presence. The U.S. Embassy formally reopened in May 2001. The Serbian Embassy in Washington and the U.S. Embassy in Belgrade have reestablished bilateral relations and provide a full range of consular services. In February 2008 Serbia recalled its ambassador from the United States, following the U.S. recognition of the unilaterally declared independence of Kosovo. The US established full diplomatic relations at Ambassador level with the Republic of Kosovo, which broke away from Serbia in February 2008.[78] |
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See also Foreign relations of Venezuela
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Oceania [edit]
| Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
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See Australia–Serbia relations
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| 1976 | ||
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| 1 March 2013 |
Overview [edit]
Serbia has established diplomatic relations with 175 states (including the State of Palestine),[84] the Holy See,[84] the Sovereign Military Order of Malta,[84] and the European Union.[84]
Serbia has not established diplomatic relations with:[85]
- Monaco;[86]
- Republic of Congo;
- Antigua and Barbuda, Belize,[86] Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia;[86]
- Cook Islands, Kiribati,[86] Marshall Islands,[86] Micronesia,[86] Nauru,[86] Niue, Palau,[86] Solomon Islands, Tuvalu;[86]
- Republic of China (Taiwan)[86] and the rest of the states with limited recognition except Palestine.
See also [edit]
- Government of Serbia
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- List of diplomatic missions in Serbia
- List of diplomatic missions of Serbia
- Visa requirements for Serbian citizens
References [edit]
- ^ Tadić on Serbia's "four pillars of diplomacy"
- ^ "Rift Emerges at the United Nations Over Kosovo". New York Sun. 19 February 2008.
- ^ PROTEST CONVEYED TO FRANCE, BRITAIN, COSTA RICA, AUSTRALIA, ALBANIA at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Republic of Macedonia
- ^ Republic of Serbia - Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- ^ Government of the Republic of Macedonia "FM Milososki: Name row a result of Greece's desire to protect its myth of pure nation". "the fact that 125 countries in the world have recognised Macedonia's constitutional name is a clear signal that the country has international support"
- ^ Serbian embassy in Ljubljana (in Serbian and Slovenian only)
- ^ Slovenian embassy in Belgrade
- ^ Austrian embassy in Belgrade (in German and Serbian only)
- ^ Serbian embassy in Vienna (in German and Serbian only)
- ^ Serbian general consulate in Salzburg (in German and Serbian only)
- ^ 20 Minuten Online: Serben-Demo eskaliert in Wien
- ^ "Vandals damage Albanian embassy in Belgrade". BBC. March 29, 1999.
- ^ "Serbian charge d'affaires prepares to quit Albania". BBC. February 20, 2008.
- ^ Serbia and the Salonika expedition, 1915–17
- ^ Grci spremni da ulože 3 mlrd. evra
- ^ NATO and Greece, Clinton's visit
- ^ Censored 2000
- ^ Serbian embassy in Bratislava (in Serbian and Slovakian only)
- ^ Slovak embassy in Belgrade
- ^ "French embassy in Belgrade (in French and Serbian only)". Ambafrance-srb.org. Retrieved 2011-06-10.
- ^ "Serbian embassy in Paris(in French and Serbian only)". Amb-serbie.fr. Retrieved 2011-06-10.
- ^ Hungarian embassy in Belgrade
- ^ Hungarian general consulate in Subotica(in Hungarian and Serbian only)
- ^ Serbian embassy in Budapest (in Hungarian and Serbian only)
- ^ Lithuanian embassy in Budapest (also accredited to Serbia)
- ^ Direction of the Maltese representation in Serbia
- ^ Dutch embassy in Belgrade
- ^ Serbian embassy in The Hague
- ^ Embassy of Norway in Belgrade
- ^ Embassy of Serbia in Oslo
- ^ http://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics-article.php?yyyy=2008&mm=02&dd=06&nav_id=47524
- ^ Serbian embassy in Madrid (in Serbian and Spanish only)
- ^ Spanish embassy in Belgrade (in Serbian and Spanish only)
- ^ Embassy of Sweden in Belgrade
- ^ Swiss embassy in Belgrade
- ^ Serbian embassy in Bern
- ^ Serbian general consulate in Zurich (in German only)
- ^ "Erstmals über eine Million EU- und EFTA Angehörige in der Schweiz". Neue Zürcher Zeitung. 14. Oktober 2008.
- ^ British embassy in Belgrade
- ^ Serbian embassy in London
- ^ Iran Daily
- ^ Embassy Pages - Iraqi Embassy in Serbia
- ^ Embassy Pages- Serbian Embassy in Iraq
- ^ [1]
- ^ Israeli embassy in Belgrade
- ^ Serbian embassy in Tel Aviv
- ^ [http://www.tanjug.rs/news/83980/kuwait-willing-to-invest-in-serbia.htm}
- ^ Tadić, Abbas discuss Kosovo, Middle East, B92, 2009-07-07
- ^ PM meets with Palestinian leader, B92, 2009-08-07
- ^ [2]
- ^ Serbian Foreign Ministry on Saudi Arabia
- ^ Embassy of Serbia in Syria
- ^ [3]
- ^ English People's Daily (China)
- ^ Embassy of Japan in Belgrade, Serbia
- ^ Embassy of Serbia in Tokyo, Japan
- ^ Japan-Serbia relations
- ^ Japan-Serbia relations
- ^ [4]
- ^ "Pakistan, Serbia to strengthen bilateral ties". Associated Press of Pakistan. 2009-07-15.
- ^ Foreign Relations of the People's Republic of China
- ^ Serbian embassy in Cairo
- ^ Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of the Libya embassy in Belgrade
- ^ Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of the Serbian embassy in Tripoli
- ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Serbia
- ^ Serbs Say South Africans sympathetic over Kosovo
- ^ Nelson Mandela named Belgrade's honorary citizen
- ^ Serbian embassy in Pretoria
- ^ http://allafrica.com/stories/201201040479.html
- ^ Diario Catarinense
- ^ Political relations with Argentina, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia
- ^ http://dominicanewsonline.com/news/homepage/news/international-relations/dominica-and-serbia-strengthen-diplomatic-ties/http://dominicanewsonline.com/news/homepage/news/international-relations/dominica-and-serbia-strengthen-diplomatic-ties/
- ^ "Mexican embassy in Belgrade". Retrieved 2009-05-07.
- ^ "Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relation with Mexico". Retrieved 2009-05-07.
- ^ Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: directions of Serbian embassy in Lima
- ^ http://i-witness-news.com/2011/06/24/st-vincent-establishes-diplomatic-ties-with-moldova-serbia-solomon-islands/
- ^ "US Embassy Pristina". Retrieved 2008-04-17.
- ^ Venezuela's Chavez won't recognize independent Kosovo
- ^ Chavez: U.S. encouraging Tibet violence
- ^ Australian embassy in Belgrade
- ^ Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with New Zealand
- ^ Ethnic group (total responses) for the census usually resident population count, 2006 (Excel 97 format), Classification counts, 2006 Census, Statistics New Zealand.
- ^ a b c d Serbia Diplomatic List 2012
- ^ Serbia Bilateral Relations
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Recognizes the Republic of Kosovo.
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