Formicinae

Formicinae
Camponotus sp.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Formicinae Lepeletier, 1836
Genera
60, 59 extant (in 11 tribes). See text.

Carpenter ant

Formicinae is a subfamily within the Formicidae containing ants of moderate evolutionary development.

Formicines retain some primitive features such as the presence of cocoons around pupae, the presence of ocelli in workers, and little tendency toward reduction of palp or antennal segmentation in most species, except subterranean groups. Extreme modification of mandibles is rare, except in the genera Myrmoteras and Polyergus. On the other hand, some members show considerable evolutionary advancement in behaviors such as slave-making and symbiosis with root-feeding homopterans. Finally, all formicines have a very reduced sting and enlarged venom reservoir, with the venom gland, specialized (uniquely among ants) for the production of formic acid.^{[citation needed]}

All members of the Formicinae "have a one-segmented petiole in the form of a vertical scale".

Classification

The tribal structure of Formicinae is not completely understood. This list follows the scheme at antbase.org, but there are other schemes and names.

• Camponotini
  • Calomyrmex
  • Camponotus – Carpenter ants (Global)
  • Chaemeromyrma
  • Echinopla
  • Forelophilus
  • Opisthopsis
  • Overbeckia
  • Phasmomyrmex
  • Polyrhachis (Asian, African tropics)
  • Pseudocamponotus
• Formicini
  • Alloformica
  • Bajcaridris
  • Cataglyphis
  • Formica
  • Polyergus – Amazon ants
  • Proformica
  • Protoformica
  • Rossomyrmex
• Gesomyrmecini
  • Gesomyrmex
  • Prodimorphomyrmex
  • Santschiella
  • Sicilomyrmex
• Gigantopini
  • Gigantiops (Neotropical)
• Lasiini
  • Acanthomyops
  • Acropyga
  • Anoplolepis
  • Cladomyrma
  • Lasiophanes
  • Lasius
  • Myrmecocystus
  • Prolasius
  • Stigmacros
  • Teratomyrmex
• Melophorini
  • Melophorus (Australian)
• Myrmecorhynchini
  • Myrmecorhynchus
  • Notoncus
  • Pseudonotoncus
• Myrmoteranini
  • Myrmoteras
• Notostigmatini
  • Notostigma
• Oecophyllini
  • Oecophylla – Weaver ants
• Plagiolepidini
  • Agraulomyrmex
  • Aphomomyrmex
  • Brachymyrmex
  • Bregmatomyrma
  • Euprenolepsis
  • Myrmelachista
  • Nylanderia
  • Paraparatrechina
  • Paratrechina – Crazy ants
  • Petalomyrmex
  • Plagiolepis
  • Pseudaphomomyrmex
  • Pseudolasius
  • Tapinolepis
• Incertae sedis
  • Eucharis
  • Imhoffia
  • Kyromyrma (fossil: Cretaceous)
  • Leucotaphus
  • Protrechina
  • Tylolasius

References

Bibliography

• B. Bolton, A new general catalogue of the ants of the world, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1995.
• Klotz, John H. (2008). "Formicinae". Urban ants of North America and Europe: identification, biology, and management. Cornell University Press. ISBN 9780801474736. http://books.google.com/books?id=Q7T4gg6j7xUC&pg=PA11. 

External links

• Formicinae at antbase.org
• Kye S. Hedlund, Subfamily Formicinae