Formula One sponsorship liveries
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Formula One sponsorship liveries have been used since the late 1960s, replacing the previously used national colours. With sponsors becoming more important with the rising costs in Formula One, many teams wanted to be able to display the logos of their sponsors as clearly as possible.
The liveries are usually changed for every season in the sport, marking the marketing ideas of the sponsors. Many teams keep some consistency over the years however, like the red colour of Ferrari, which has its origin in a shade of red known as rosso corsa being the national racing colour of Italy. Tobacco advertising was common in Formula 1, however as bans spread throughout the world teams used an alternate livery which alluded to the tobacco sponsor, or entirely eliminated their name when in nations with a ban - this is now only seen on Ferrari's Marlboro sponsored vehicles - where the sponsor is technically banned from advertising in all host nations. At historical events, cars are allowed to use the livery which was used when the car was actively competing.[1]
AGS[edit]
Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives (AGS) were founded in Gonfaron, France, in the late 1960s, but only entered Formula One in 1986.
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Livery | Additional major sponsor(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1986 | White | none | Jolly Club, El Charro | ||
| 1987 | Red, white | El Charro | Acto | ||
| 1988 | Black | Orange | Tennen | Elf Aquitaine, Bouygues | |
| 1989 | Black | White | Faure | Camel, Goodyear, LM | |
| 1990 | Black | Ted Lapidus | Goodyear | ||
| 1991 | Blue | Red, Yellow | Paolo Fiore | Filling, mmta, Goodyear |
Alfa Romeo[edit]
Alfa Romeo was a Formula One constructor between 1950 and 1951, and again between 1979 and 1985. In 1950-1951 and 1979 the team used the rosso corsa (racing red) national color of Italy. In 1980 they switched to a livery sponsorsored by Phillip Morris' Marlboro cigarette brand. In 1984 the Italian clothing brand Benetton took over Alfa Romeo's livery sponsorship, which they held until the withdrawal of Alfa Romeo from Formula One at the end of 1985.
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Livery | Additional major sponsor(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1979 | Red | White | Rosso corsa | Agip, Magneti Marelli | |
| 1980–1983 | Red, White | Marlboro | Marlboro logo replaced with a barcode at certain races, due to tobacco sponsorship bans. | ||
| 1984–1985 | Green, Red | Benetton Group |
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1979: Alfa Romeo returns to Formula One as a constructor.
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1980: Alfa Romeo appears with Marlboro-sponsored livery.
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1985: an Alfa Romeo 185T in Benetton livery.
Andrea Moda[edit]
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1992 | Black | Yellow | Andrea Moda, iGuzzini, Ellesse | Industrie Regione Marche, teuco, Annabella, Urbis, Mase, Blue Box, Agip |
Arrows[edit]
Starting in the 1970s and going for decades until ending in mid-2002, Arrows, that was known as Footwork for a few years in the 1990s, had quite distinctive liveries, like the unusual Ruffles sponsorship in Footwork, an all-black car in the 1998 season, and an orange car in its final years.
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1978–1981 | Gold | Black | Warsteiner | Goodyear |
| 1982 | Orange | White | Ragno | Nordica, Beta Tools, Pirelli |
| 1983 -1984 | White | Blue (1984), Red | Valvoline, Nordica, Barclay (1984), Grand Prix International Magazine | Champion, Goodyear |
| 1985 | Gold | Red | DeLonghi, Barclay | BMW, Champion, Goodyear |
| 1986 | Gold | Red | USF&G | Camozzi, Goodyear |
| 1987-1989 | White | Dark Red, Blue | USF&G | Camozzi |
| 1990–1993 | White | Red | Footwork | Camozzi, BP (1993) |
| 1994–1996 | White | Blue, Red | Ruffles, Marlboro (1994) | SASOL, Unimat Holdings, Hype, Uliveto, Lee Cooper |
| 1996 (first races) | Blue, Red | None | Philips Car Systems, Power Horse, TWR | Parmalat, Lycra, Castrol, Fondmental, Bauducco |
| 1996 (later races) | Red | Blue, White | Philips Car Systems, Power Horse, TWR | Parmalat, Lycra, Castrol, Fondmental, Bellsouth |
| 1997 | Blue | White | Danka, Zepter | Parmalat, Yamaha, Bridgestone |
| 1998 | Black | None | Danka, Power Horse, TWR, Zepter | Parmalat |
| 1999 | Black | Red, White, Orange | Repsol | T-Minus, PIAA, Zepter |
| 2000–2002 | Orange | Black | Orange | Red Bull, Chello, Lost Boys |
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The USF&G liveried Arrows A10B driven at Goodwood in 2008. This car was driven by Eddie Cheever and Derek Warwick in the 1988 season.
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The Danka liveried Arrows A18 driven by Damon Hill at the 1997 British Grand Prix.
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Heinz-Harald Frentzen and Enrique Bernoldi in the Orange liveried Arrows A23s at the 2002 French Grand Prix.
ATS[edit]
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Livery | Additional major sponsor(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1978 | Yellow | Black | ATS Wheels | Ford, Champion, Air Press, Shell, Goodyear | |
| 1979 | Yellow | Black, Red | ATS Wheels, Arawak, Hotel Freeport | Goodyear, Shell | |
| 1980 | Yellow | Black, Red | ATS Wheels, Arawak, Hotel Freeport | Shell, Buler Quartz, Goodyear | |
| 1981 | Yellow | White, Black | ATS Wheels | ABBA, Shell, Champion | |
| 1981 | Yellow | White, Black | ATS Wheels | Copec, Tecfin, Liqui Moly, Shell, Champion | |
| 1983 | Yellow | Black | ATS Wheels | Shell, Goodyear, Steinbock | |
| 1984 | Yellow | Black | ATS Wheels | Marilena, Steinbock, Shell, Pirelli |
Benetton[edit]
Benetton Formula Ltd., commonly referred to simply as Benetton, was a Formula One constructor that participated from 1986 to 2001. The team was owned by the Benetton family who run a worldwide chain of clothing stores of the same name. In 2000 the team was purchased by Renault, but competed as Benetton for the 2001 season. In 2002 the team became Renault F1. From the 1992 to 1993, Camel sponsored the Benetton team, but, from the 1994 to 2001 the main sponsor was Mild Seven.
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Non-tobacco/alcohol livery changes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1986–1991 | Red, Green | Blue, Yellow | Benetton Group, Sisley (1986/1988) | Riello, Frizerga, 7 Up, Autopolis, Mobil 1, Eurobags, BMW, Flying Tigers, Ford, Steinbock, Gillette (1989), European | None |
| 1992 | Yellow | Green | Camel | Mobil 1, Sanyo, "United Colors Of Benetton" (Benetton Group), Autopolis, Mobil 1, Ford | "Camel" letters were covered with blue gaps |
| 1993 | Yellow | Dark Green | Camel | Mobil 1, Sanyo, Technogym, Elf, Denim, "United Colors Of Benetton" (Benetton Group) | "Camel" letters were covered with blue gaps |
| 1994 | Blue | Green | Mild Seven | Ford, Mobil 1, Elf, Sanyo, "Benetton Sportsystem" (Benetton Group), Oracle, Polti | "Mild Seven" was replaced with "Benetton" |
| 1995 | Blue | White, Dark Blue, Yellow | Mild Seven | Bitburger, Mobil 1, Elf, Renault, Oracle, Kickers | "Mild Seven" was replaced with "Benetton" or "Moto Sport" and "Bitburger" was replaced with "Drive Alcoholfrei" |
| 1996 | Blue | White | Mild Seven | FedEx, Agip, Prince Sports, Kingfisher, Mobil 1, "Benetton Sportsystem" (Benetton Group), Cesare Paciotti, Hype Energy, Nordica | "Mild Seven" was replaced with "Benetton" |
| 1997 | Blue | White | Mild Seven | FedEx, Agip, Prince Sports, Mobil 1, Akai, Korean Air, Hype Energy, Hitachi, Gillette | |
| 1998 | Blue | White | Mild Seven | FedEx, Agip, Akai, Hitachi, Korean Air, Gillette | |
| 1999 | Blue | White | Mild Seven | FedEx, Agip, Supertec, Playlife, D2 Mannesmann, Bridgestone, Marconi, Korean Air | |
| 2000 | Blue | White | Mild Seven | Agip, Supertec, D2 Mannesmann, Bridgestone, Marconi, Korean Air | |
| 2001 | Blue | White | Mild Seven | Marconi, Elf, Renault, Korean Air | "Mild Seven" was replaced with "Benetton" (on team members clothing and rear wing's front side), "Renaultsport" on rear wing (rear side), "Fisico" on Fisichella's car (on engine body) and "Jenson" on Button's car (on engine body) |
BMS Scuderia Italia[edit]
In its Dallara years, Scuderia Italia raced with a livery slightly similar to Ferrari (rosso corsa with white details and black wings), but prior to the absortion by Minardi in 1993, when raced with Lola cars, had a white livery with red and yellow flames.
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Non-tobacco/alcohol livery changes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1988 | Red | Black, White | Marlboro | Viacom, Nikols | None |
| 1989 | Red | Black, White | Marlboro, Lusfina, Fineco | Agip, Nikols, Pirelli | |
| 1990 | Red | Black, White | Marlboro, Lucchini, Fineco | Agip, CartaSì, Pirelli, Brooksfield | |
| 1991 | Red | Black, White | Marlboro, Lucchini, Fineco, Lusfina, Setrans | Agip, Ghial, OGAF, powering | |
| 1992 | Red | Black, White, blue | Marlboro, Lucchini, Fineco, Lusfina, Camozzi | Agip, Ghidini, SPAL | |
| 1993 | White | Black, Red, Yellow, Blue | Chesterfield, Lucchini, Bossini, Camozzi | Agip, Fastar |
-
Until 1992, Scuderia Italia raced with a Rosso Corsa Livery. This is Emanuele Pirro driving for Scuderia Italia at the 1991 United States Grand Prix.
BMW Sauber[edit]
After having been an engine supplier in the 1980s and again since 2000, BMW entered Formula One with a works team of its own in 2006 after buying the Swiss Formula One constructor Sauber. Although the cars had many sponsorship logos on them, the main pattern was based on the traditional BMW Motorsport team colours of white with light blue, dark blue and a little red (in an almost purple shade). White is also the original national racing colour of Germany, while white and blue are the colours of Bavaria and of BMW itself.
On 27 November 2009, BMW agreed to sell the team back to its original founder, Peter Sauber.[2] The 2010 Formula One season marked Sauber's return as an independent constructor.
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006, 2007,[3] 2008,[4] 2009[5] | White | Blue, red | Petronas, Intel, T-Systems (2008) | Syntium, Hansen LTD (2006–08), Go-gp.org (2009), FxPro (2009) |
-
Jacques Villeneuve driving the BMW Sauber F1.06 at the 2006 USGP.
Brabham[edit]
Prior to sponsorships, Brabham raced in turquoise with a gold band running across the car. This later changed to green and gold, the racing colours of Australia. In 1975 and 1976, Brabham received sponsorship from Martini; in 1976 the color scheme changed from white to red. Brabham changed from red to white and received sponsorship from the Parmalat until 1984. One year later, they switched to Olivetti, a scheme retained until 1989. In 1989, Brabham signed with Bioptron, a brand of Zepter International, which continued until the team was bought by Middlebridge Group. Since then, it was sponsored by many Japanese companies like Garage Italiya, a company that imports Italian cars in Japan, Autobacs, Nippon Shinpan, and Mitsukoshi. Prior the swansong of Brabham in 1992, the team raced in blue and pink livery of the Japanese metal group Seikima-II.
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Other (tobacco/alcohol censorship, etc.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1971 | Green | Yellow | Goodyear | None | |
| 1972 | White | Black | YPF | Goodyear | None |
| 1973 | White | Red, Green | Ceramica Pagnossin | Goodyear | None |
| 1974 | White | Black, Silver | Champion, Goodyear | None | |
| 1975 | White | Blue, Light Blue, Red | Martini | Alfa Romeo, Goodyear | None |
| 1976 | Red | Blue, Light Blue | Martini | Alfa Romeo, Goodyear | None |
| 1977–1978 | Red | Blue, Light Blue | Parmalat | Alfa Romeo, Goodyear | None |
| 1979 | Red | Blue, Black | Parmalat | Alfa Romeo, Goodyear | None |
| 1981–1982 | White | Blue | Parmalat | Santal, Valvoline, Goodyear | None |
| 1983 | White | Blue | Parmalat | Fila, Michelin, Santal, Castrol | |
| 1984 | White | Blue | Parmalat | Pirelli, Santal/Pomì | |
| 1985 | White | Blue | Olivetti | Pirelli, Santal, | |
| 1986 | White | Blue | Olivetti | BMW, Pirelli | |
| 1986 | White | Blue | Olivetti | BMW, Pirelli | |
| 1987–1988 | White | Dark Blue | Olivetti | Ricard, Iceberg, Emporio Armani | |
| 1989 | White | Blue | Bioptron | Nippon Shinpan, Pirelli | |
| 1990 | White | Blue | Yamaha, Garage Italiya (written as 伊太利屋), Calbee (written using katakana the 1990 Japanese Grand Prix) | Nippon Shinpan, Pirelli, Euro Jersey Imports, Aoba (last two only in Japanese Grand Prix) | |
| 1991 (BT59Y chassis) | Blue | White, Red | Pirelli, Carvico, Yamazen | Mitsukoshi, Yamaha, Autobacs, AOBA | |
| 1991 (BT60Y chassis) | White | Blue | Brabham Racing, Euro Jersey Imports, Yamazen | Yamaha, BP, Kyosho, Mitsui, Autobacs, Madras | |
| 1992 | Blue | Pink, white | LeasePlan, Yamazen, GalleyMatrix, Cricket&Co | Goodyear, Yaesu, Seikima-II, DB Promotions, BP |
Brawn GP[edit]
After Honda pulled out of F1 at the end of 2008, team boss Ross Brawn struggled to find a buyer to save the team, eventually buying it himself. A lack of sponsors resulted in the white livery, with flashes of bright yellow and black. Towards the end of the season, the team arranged one-race sponsor deals with a variety of major local companies, including Canon, Mapfre, Itaipava and Qtel.
Brawn GP dominated the early part of the 2009 season, with Jenson Button winning six of the first seven races. As other teams improved their cars Brawn struggled for pace, but still recorded several podiums during the rest of the year. Their strong start and consistent finish was enough to secure the Constructors World Championship at the first (and only) attempt, as well as the drivers title with Jenson Button. At the end of the season, the team was purchased by engine suppliers Mercedes-Benz, marking the return of the Silver Arrows after 55 years.
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009[6] | White | Black, Fluorescent Yellow | Virgin | Canon, MIG Investments, Henri Lloyd, Itaipava, Qtel |
British American Racing[edit]
British American Racing competed in Formula One from 1999 to 2005. The name of the team was taken from British American Tobacco which provided the main sponsorship and was livery sponsor through two of its main cigarette brands. In their debut season, the team wished to have its two cars painted in different liveries (one 555, the other Lucky Strike), but this was forbidden by the rules. So the team decided on a unique two-sided design, with the blue 555 livery of the right side of the car, and the red and white Luckies livery on the left and a zipper design on the middle.
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Livery sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Non-tobacco livery changes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1999 | Blue, Red | Black, White | Lucky Strike, 555 | Teleglobe, Honda, Reynard, Bridgestone | 555 logo changed to three crescent moons (same as in Subaru Impreza with 555 sponsorship); Lucky Strike logo blocked out (side of car) and replaced by "Run Free" (other parts of the car) |
| 2000–2004,[7] 2005 | White | Red, Black | Lucky Strike (British American Tobacco) | Honda, Intercond, Tiscali, 555, Sonax, Reynard, Teleglobe, bee-trade.com, | Lucky Strike logo either blocked out (2000–2001), "Luckies" changed to "Lookies" (2000), "Lucky Strike" was replaced with "Look Alike" (2001), "Run Free" (2002), bar code and Formula One cars (2003–2004), "Don't Look", "Look Left" and "Look Right" and a barcode and Formula One cars (2004) or with "Racing Revolution" (2005) |
| 2004–2005 (only Chinese GP) | White | Blue, Pale Gold, Black | 555 (British American Tobacco) | Honda, Intercond | "Lucky Strike" was replaced with "555 World Racing" |
| 2004–2005 (Anthony Davidson's car) | Blue / white | Yellow, white/ black, gold, white driver outline | 555 (British American Tobacco)/Lucky Strike | Honda, Intercond | "Lucky Strike" was replaced with "555 World Racing" |
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Jacques Villeneuve with Blue-Yellow/White-Red livery at the 1999 Canadian Grand Prix.
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Jacques Villeneuve driving the BAR 003 at the 2001 Canadian Grand Prix.
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Jacques Villeneuve driving the BAR 005 with non-tobacco livery replaced with bar code and F1 cars at the 2003 United States Grand Prix.
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Jenson Button driving the BAR 006 at the 2004 United States Grand Prix.
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Takuma Sato driving the BAR 007 with "Racing Revolution" logo at the 2005 United States Grand Prix.
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Jenson Button driving the BAR 007 with "555 World Racing" livery at the 2005 Chinese Grand Prix.
British Racing Motors[edit]
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Other Informations (including non-tobacco race changes) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1951-59 | Dark Metallic Gray-Green | ||||
| 1960-70 | Black | ||||
| 1970–1971 | White | Gold, Black, Ochre | Yardley | ||
| 1972–1974 | White | Red | Marlboro | ||
| 1974 | Pale Green | Marlboro | |||
| 1975 | Blue, Red | Stanley - BRM | |||
| 1976-77 | Pale Blue | Rotary Watches |
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The British Racing Partnership privately entered BRM P25 with which Stirling Moss took second place in the 1959 British Grand Prix.
Caterham[edit]
The Lotus team, which made its début in 2010, was renamed to Caterham F1 in 2012. It was formally from Malaysia but still had a livery dominated by British racing green, like the old Lotus team had for many years.
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Livery sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 | British racing green | Yellow, White | AirAsia | 1Malaysia, Naza Group, Renault, EQ8, CNN, Airbus, Dell, General Electric, Visa, Sibur |
| 2013 | Light green | Yellow, White | General Electric, Airbus | McGregor, EADS, Renault, Dell, Intel |
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Vitaly Petrov at the 2012 Malaysian Grand Prix driving Caterham CT01.
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For 2013, the team decided to paint its cars with a brighter shade of green than the traditional BRG. The livery also doesn't reflect any sponsorship from companies owned by Tony Fernandes, for the first time since the team's debut in 2010.
Coloni[edit]
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1987 | Yellow | none | Renzacci, Cast, Himnont | White Sun, Q8, Bosby | |
| 1988 | Yellow | Himont | Magnabosco,Lpr | ||
| 1989 | Yellow | Blue, Green | Himont, Magnabosco, Malizia | Lpr, Bimo, La Cinq, Scaini, Cappello | Used in one car |
| 1989 | White | Sky Blue, Yellow, Black | Himont, La Cinq, Malizia, Agip | Lpr, Bimo, Pirelli, Magnabosco, Scaini | |
| 1990 (with Subaru power) | White | Red, Green | Subaru, Agip, Capa | Subaru Coloni racing livery | |
| 1990 (without Subaru power) | Yellow | Agip, Capa | |||
| 1991 | White | Blue, Gray | Galp |
Ensign[edit]
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1973 | Green | None | Rikky von Opel | ||
| 1974 | Orange | Theodore Racing | |||
| 1975 | White | HB Alarm Systemen | Goodyear, Champion, Ferodo | ||
| 1976 | Red | White | Valvoline | Goodyear, Champion | |
| 1977 - 1978 | Black | none | Tissot | Castrol, Goodyear, Champion | |
| 1979 | Red | Green | Theodore Racing | ||
| 1980 | White | Blue, Red | Unipart | ||
| 1981 | White | Blue, Red | None | ||
| 1982 | White | Café de Colombia | Arriba, Champion |
Eifelland[edit]
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1972 | Blue | White (Some versions had the Yellow Spoiler) | Eiffelland Caravan | Goodyear, Shell, Ford, Bostik | |
| 1972 (later races) | White | Eiffelland Caravan | Goodyear, Shell, Ford, Bostik |
EuroBrun[edit]
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1988 | White, Yellow (with M505 as sponsor) | Black | Tommasini/M505 | Marlboro, OZ Wheels, Goodyear, Darwin | |
| 1989 | White | Red, Green, Black | JSK | Lista | 1 car |
| 1989 | Orange | Black | Jägermeister | Lista, OZ Wheels, Agip, Rafta | Foitek's car |
| 1990 | Silver | Black | JSK, IS-ME-DIN | LFIP, Rafta, mara, Bburago, LPR, Zucchini | Used in 1 car |
Ferrari[edit]
In keeping with their Italian roots, Ferrari has always kept a red colour in the tradition of rosso corsa, the national racing colour of Italy, except for two races in 1964 when Enzo Ferrari let his cars enter by NART in American blue and white colours to protest against Italian racing authorities. Over the years, rosso corsa has been combined with white parts and with various sponsorship schemes, but Ferrari has never fully let their cars be dominated by the sponsorship livery like many other teams have. This changed in the 1990s when Ferrari replaced their traditional rosso corsa colour with a "Marlboro red" which is noticeably lighter; this colour remains despite the ban on tobacco sponsorship.
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Non-tobacco livery changes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 - 1967 | Red | ||||
| 1964 USGP and Mexico GP | Blue | ||||
| 1968– 1994 | Red | White or black, green (1970s) | Shell (1968–1972), Agip (1973–1994), FIAT (1976–1994), Goodyear, Pioneer (1993–1994), Marlboro (1984–1994), Longines (1980–1986, 1988–1989) | Marlboro logo removed completely or replaced with white space (2000–2004), Marlboro logo changed to "bar code" (1994-1999/2005-2006), or text removed with keeping the chevron with the drivers' name (1993) and in the team member clothing, marlboro logo became a white square with a red stripe above with written the driver name (1980's-1996). The team used special livery for 2001 Italian Grand Prix in remembrance of the 11 September 2001 attacks in the United States. Both cars ran without any sponsorship livery and sported matte black nose-cones. In the 2005 Italian Grand Prix the cars sported black nosecones as a sign of mourning for Pope John Paul II. |
|
| 1995 | Red | Black | Marlboro | Agip, Pioneer, Fiat, Goodyear, Telecom Italia | |
| 1996 | Red | Black | Marlboro, Shell | Pioneer, Asprey, Goodyear, Fiat, Telecom Italia | |
| 1997 | Red | Marlboro, Shell | Pioneer, Asprey, Goodyear, Fiat, GE, Magneti Marelli, Telecom Italia | ||
| 1998 | Red | Marlboro, Shell | Asprey, Goodyear, Fiat, GE, Magneti Marelli, Telecom Italia | ||
| 1999–2001 | Red | Marlboro, Shell | TIM, FedEx, Tic Tac, Bridgestone, Magneti Marelli, GE, Fiat | ||
| 2002 | Red | White | Marlboro | Vodafone, Shell, Bridgestone, Fiat | |
| 2003–2006 | Red | White | Marlboro | Vodafone, Shell, Bridgestone, Fiat, Martini, AMD, Acer[8] | |
| 2007–2009[9] | Red | Marlboro | Shell, Bridgestone, Fiat, AMD, Acer, Alice | Due to a total tobacco livery ban, from 2007 onwards only a "bar code" has been used instead of the Marlboro logo. As of the 2010 Spanish Grand Prix, even the "bar code" was removed on allegations of subliminal tobacco advertising. This was replaced in 2011 with a new 'Scuderia Ferrari' logo, which uses a similar graphical design to the Marlboro logo while purporting to be a team logo and is placed in the main areas the previous barcode was visible. Philip Morris's sponsorship deal with Ferrari has been extended to 2015. | |
| 2010[10] | Red | White and black | Marlboro, Santander | Shell, Bridgestone, Fiat, AMD, Acer, Etihad, Mubadala | |
| 2011–2012 | Red | White | Marlboro, Santander | Shell, Kaspersky Lab, Pirelli, TATA, FIAT, acer, AMD | |
| Shell, Kaspersky Lab, Pirelli, FIAT, acer, AMD, Ferrari World | |||||
| 2013 | Red | Black, white | Marlboro, Santander | Shell, Kaspersky Lab, Pirelli, FIAT, acer, AMD, Ferrari World |
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With the exception of the 1964 United States and Mexican Grands Prix, Ferrari has always raced in the Italian national racing colour of rosso corsa. This is Lorenzo Bandini driving the Ferrari 312 at the 1966 German Grand Prix.
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Niki Lauda driving the Ferrari 312T at the 1976 German Grand Prix. By this time, the Ferrari livery included the logos of team suppliers such as Goodyear and Agip.
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Gilles Villeneuve sitting beside the Ferrari 312T at the 1979 San Marino Grand Prix. Just like in previous seasons, the Scuderia Ferrari livery included Goodyear and Agip as their sponsors
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Alain Prost driving the Ferrari 642 at the 1991 Monaco Grand Prix, with a largely unchanged livery from 1976.
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By 1995, the team had received primary sponsorship from Marlboro. This is Jean Alesi driving the Ferrari 412T2 at that year's Canadian Grand Prix to win his first Grand Prix victory.
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Michael Schumacher driving the Scuderia Ferrari F2001 at the 2001 Canadian Grand Prix, showing sponsorship from Marlboro, Shell, Fiat, and Magneti Marelli
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Michael Schumacher driving the Scuderia Ferrari F2002 at the 2002 French Grand Prix, showing sponsorship from Vodafone, Shell, and the white space replacing Marlboro at North American and most European races.
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Rubens Barrichello driving the Scuderia Ferrari F2002 at the 2002 United States Grand Prix, showing sponsorship from Vodafone, Shell, and the white space replacing Marlboro at North American and most European races.
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Schumacher at the 2004 United States Grand Prix driving the Scuderia Ferrari F2004 with completely white spaced Marlboro
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Michael Schumacher driving the Ferrari 248 F1 at the 2006 Monaco Grand Prix, with Marlboro sponsorship clearly seen on the car.
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Michael Schumacher driving the Ferrari 248 F1 at the 2006 United States Grand Prix, showing sponsorship from Vodafone, Shell, and the Marlboro "barcode".
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Felipe Massa winning the 2006 Brazilian Grand Prix driving the Ferrari 248 F1 with Marlboro replaced by bar codes and with added sponsors from Martini and Bridgestone
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Kimi Räikkönen driving the Ferrari F2007 winning the 2007 Brazilian Grand Prix and the World Drivers' Championship for the first time. The car itself at the start of the year had Marlboro sponsorship but dropped it by the European season
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Kimi Räikkönen driving the Ferrari F2008 at the 2008 Spanish Grand Prix.
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Fernando Alonso testing the Ferrari F10 during pre-season testing in Jerez, February 2010.
Fittipaldi[edit]
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Non-tobacco/alcohol livery changes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1975 | Silver | Blue, Yellow, Green, Red | Copersucar | Goodyear | |
| 1976 | Silver | Blue, White, Green, Red | Copersucar | Goodyear | |
| 1977 | Yellow | Blue, White, Green, Red | Copersucar | Goodyear | |
| 1978 - 1979 | Yellow | Rainbow | Copersucar | Goodyear | |
| 1980 - 1981 | Yellow, White | Brown | Skol | Goodyear, Marlboro (1981) | |
| 1982 | White | Blue, Red | Sal Cisne, Caloi | Brasilinvest, Petrobras |
Fondmetal[edit]
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Livery sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | Black | White, Red, Yellow | Fondmetal | Agip |
| 1992 | Black | Red, White | Fondmetal | LeasePlan, Agip, Foppapedretti, Sgommatutto |
Force India[edit]
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Livery sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Non-tobacco/alcohol livery changes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008[11] | Burgundy | White | Kingfisher Airlines | ICICI | |
| 2009[12] | White | Green, Saffron | Kingfisher Airlines | ICICI, Medion, Reliance Industries, Royal Challenge, Whyte & Mackay | |
| 2010[13] | White | Green, Orange | Kingfisher Airlines, Whyte & Mackay | Royal Challenge, Medion, Reebok, Bridgestone | |
| 2011[14] | White, Orange | Green | Fly Kingfisher, Whyte & Mackay | Medion, Royal Challenge, Reebok, Pirelli, Vladivar | Whyte & Mackay's logo was removed from clothing at the Turkish GP and Whyte & Mackay logo also replaced with "One from a Billion Hunt" in that Grand Prix too. Ra.One was added at the Indian GP.
Due to local laws about alcohol sponsorship, the Whyte & Mackay logos were also removed from the car at the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, and were instead replaced with the names of the winners of a competition run by the team. |
| 2012 | White, Orange, Green | Fly Kingfisher, Sahara | Royal Challenge, Reebok, Pirelli, Whyte & Mackay, Vladivar, UB | ||
| 2013 | White, Orange, Green | Fly Kingfisher, Sahara | Royal Challenge, Reebok, Medion, Pirelli, Whyte & Mackay, Vladivar, UB |
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Adrian Sutil testing for Force India in Valencia, January 2008.
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Giancarlo Fisichella driving at the 2008 Chinese Grand Prix. Force India is the fourth different edition of the former Jordan in as many years.
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Adrian Sutil testing in Circuit de Catalunya, 2009 with Mercedes engine.
-
Force India slightly changed its livery for 2012 Formula One season, giving more attention to the colours of title sponsor Sahara India Pariwar. Paul di Resta is pictured while driving at the 2012 Bahrain Grand Prix.
Forti[edit]
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Non-tobacco/alcohol livery changes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1995-1996 | Yellow | Blue | Parmalat, Sadia, Arisco, | Marlboro, Duracell, MasterCard, Kaiser, Unibanco, Gillette, Assistalia, Sokol | |
| 1996 | Yellow | Blue, Red, Green | Hudson[disambiguation needed], Forti, Roces, ITS, TAT | Beta Tools, Marlboro, ACI, Lion, Kaiser | |
| 1996 (after Shannon Racing's takeover) | Green | Red, White | Sokol, Shannon, Roces | Beta Tools, Marlboro, ACI, Lion, Kaiser, Fin First group |
-
Forti started in 1995 with a yellow Parmalat livery, this is Pedro Diniz driving for Forti at the 1995 British Grand Prix.
Frank Williams Racing Cars[edit]
| Year | Main colour | Additional colours | Livery sponsor | Additional major sponsors |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1972 | Blue | Politoys | Motul, Goodyear, Banco portugues do Brasil | |
| 1973 - 1974 | White | Red | Marlboro, Iso | FINA, Goodyear, Personal |
| 1975 | White | None | Marlboro, Ambrosium HZ | FINA, Goodyear, Personal |
| 1976 | Black | Gold | Walter Wolf Racing, Marlboro, | FINA, Goodyear, Personal |
Haas Lola[edit]
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Livery sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Non-tobacco livery changes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1985 | Red | White, Blue | Beatrice | Shell, Goodyear, Champion | |
| 1986 | Red | White, Blue | Team Haas | Shell, Goodyear, Champion, Beatrice |
Hesketh[edit]
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Livery sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Non-tobacco livery changes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1974–1975 | White | Red, Blue | None | None | |
| 1976 | Blue | White, An image of a woman holding a box of cigarette papers | Penthouse | Rizla+, Goodyear | |
| 1977–1978 | Blue | White, Yellow, An image of a woman holding a box of cigarette papers | Penthouse | Rizla+, Goodyear, British Air Ferries |
Honda[edit]
Honda first raced in Formula One from 1964 to 1968. The cars were entered in an all-white livery with a red circle, duplicating the Japanese flag. The company won several races but left F1 at the end of the 1968 season, before returning as an engine supplier in the 1980s. After a decade away from the sport, Honda returned again as an engine supplier in 2001, before buying the British American Racing team and entering F1 as a constructor in 2006.
For the 2006 season, Honda continued with the BAT sponsorship with the Lucky Strike logo, but BAT pulled out for 2007. From 2007, the only logos on the car are the Honda badge, the Bridgestone logo, and the logo of Honda's environmental awareness program, Earth Dreams. For 2007, the livery itself was a picture of the Earth on a black background. For 2008, however, there are only pieces of the image of Earth on a mainly white background, as opposed to the whole of the Earth being on Honda's car.
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Livery sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Non-tobacco livery changes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 | White | Red | Lucky Strike (British American Tobacco) | Intercond | Lucky Strike logo changed to "Racing Revolution", "Look Left", "Look Right" and during the 2006 Brazilian Grand Prix "Last Blast" was on the rear wing and Lucky Strike logo was replaced with a Heart with a security pin and a paper written "Racing Forever". |
| 2007[15] | Earth (picture) | Black | myearthdream.com (Honda) | None | None |
| 2008[16] | White | Earth | Earth Dreams (Honda) | None | None |
-
A 1965 Honda RA272 in the racing colors of Japan.
-
Upon its return to F1 in 2006, Honda continued with virtually be same livery as had been used by the British American Racing team in preceding years. This is Rubens Barrichello at driving the Honda RA106 at the 2006 Canadian Grand Prix.
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The 2007 Honda RA107 in its distinctive Earth livery, being driven by Rubens Barrichello at Malaysia.
-
The earth-themed livery was revised for 2008, as shown by Jenson Button at the 2008 Malaysian Grand Prix.
HRT[edit]
HRT F1 competed for three seasons, between 2010 and 2012. In that time, the team competed with three different liveries, due to a lack of sponsor commitment to the team.
| Year | Main colours | Additional colours | Livery sponsor | Additional major sponsors | Other information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010[17] | Dark Grey | Red, White, Orange | Hispania | Bridgestone, Embratel, Cosworth, Banco Cruzeiro do Sul | |
| 2011[18] | White | Red, Grey | TATA | Pirelli, Cosworth | Due to a lack of sponsorship, the team wrote various messages on the car, such as "This could be you", "This is a cool spot" and "Your logo here". After being purchased by Thesan Capital halfway through 2011, the messages were replaced by a silver HRT logo. |
| 2012 | White | Red, Gold | TATA | Pirelli, Cosworth, KH-7 |
-
Bruno Senna driving for HRT at the 2010 Bahrain Grand Prix.
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Narain Karthikeyan driving for HRT at the 2011 Malaysian Grand Prix.
-
Narain Karthikeyan driving for HRT at the 2012 Malaysian Grand Prix.
Jaguar[edit]
Jaguar used green to reflect its British nationality, just like British teams in the first decades of Formula One all used British racing green.
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Non-Alcohol Livery Changes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000–2004[19] | Green | White | HSBC | Beck's, AT&T, HP, Du Pont | Beck's was replaced by "BEST'S". The team used special livery with black engine covers for 2001 Italian Grand Prix in remembrance of the 11 September 2001 attacks in the United States |
-
Pedro de la Rosa driving the Jaguar R2 at the 2001 Canadian Grand Prix.
-
Eddie Irvine driving the Jaguar R3 at the 2002 United States Grand Prix.
-
Mark Webber driving the Jaguar R4 at the 2004 United States Grand Prix.
Jordan[edit]
Jordan Grand Prix competed in Formula One from 1991-2005. In 1991-1995 it featured green, the colour of Ireland. During 1997-2005, they were known for their distinctive bright yellow livery.
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Livery sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Non-tobacco livery changes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | Green | Blue | 7-Up | FujiFilm, Visit Ireland, BP, Osama, tic tac, Brooksfield, CAPA, Shoei, City Hotels, Ismoban, O.Z. Wheels | |
| 1992–1993 | Blue | White, Red | Sasol | Barclay, Philips Car Stereo, Mitsui, Osama, Diavia, Arisco (1993), Unipart | Barclay was replaced with driver's surname |
| 1994 | Blue | Silver, White, Green, Aqua Green | Sasol | Arisco, Visit Ireland | At the 1994 French GP, Visit Ireland was replaced with "Ireland 1 Italy 0", after Ireland's victory against Italy at the World Cup |
| 1995 | Aqua Green | Red, White, Blue | Peugeot | Beta, Total, Kremlyovskaya Vodka, Ruffles, Polti | Kremlyovskaya Vodka logo was removed |
| 1996 | Gold (brighter yellow in opening races) | None | Benson & Hedges | Total, Davene, Peugeot, Goodyear, FIAMM, Diavia, Unipart, G de Z Capital, Corona, Control Techniques, BBS, Fox, GUAM, Pepsi, Lampo Zippers, Metagal | Benson & Hedges logo changed to special f1 and Jordan (on radiator) and driver surname plus 's on front wing and on engine cowling (for example: "Barrichello's") |
| 1997-2004,[20] 2005 | Yellow | Black | Benson & Hedges (1997–2005), DHL (2002), Sobranie (2005) | Repsol (1998), Master Card, Deutsche Post (2002), CCTV (2004), Galp Energia (2005), Peugeot (1997), Honda (2000–2003), Mugen (1998–1999), Tata (2005), G de Z Capital(1997–1999), S.Oliver(1997–1999), RTL(1997–1998), Control Techniques(1997–1998),BBS (1997), Pilsner Urquell (1999–2001), Liqui Moly (2000–2002) | Benson & Hedges logo changed to "Bitten Hisses" (1997), "Buzzing Hornets" (1998 to 2000), "Bitten Heroes" (2001–2002), and "Be On Edge" (2003 to 2005), Sobranie logo changed to "Be On Edge", replaced with the driver's given name or removed completely (2005), "200" at the 2001 USA GP (only on Jean Alesi's car for his 200th F1 start), "Lazarus" in the first races of 2004 The team used special livery with American flag decals for 2001 Italian Grand Prix and 2001 United States Grand Prix in remembrance of the 11 September 2001 attacks in the United States. |
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Michael Schumacher driving the Jordan 191 at the 1991 Belgian Grand Prix, with primary sponsorship from 7 Up.
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Rubens Barrichello driving the Jordan 195 at the 1995 British Grand Prix with aqua green livery.
-
Damon Hill driving the Jordan 198 at the 1998 Spanish Grand Prix.
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Damon Hill driving the Jordan 199 at the 1999 British Grand Prix with "Buzzing Hornets" livery.
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Heinz-Harald Frentzen driving the Jordan EJ11 at the 2001 Canadian Grand Prix with "Bitten Heroes" livery.
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Giancarlo Fisichella driving the Jordan EJ12 at the 2002 United States Grand Prix.
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Ralph Firman's Jordan EJ13 shows the non-tobacco "Be On Edge" livery at the 2003 French Grand Prix.
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Giorgio Pantano driving the Jordan EJ14 at the 2004 French Grand Prix. You can see the lack of sponsorship on the sidepods, which instead has a Jordan logo.
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Tiago Monteiro driving the Jordan EJ15 at the 2005 Canadian Grand Prix without Sobranie livery.
Larrousse[edit]
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Livery sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Non Alcohol changes(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1987 | Blue | Red | Elkron, Daniel Hechter, Seine Maritime | BP | |
| 1988 | Blue | Red, Yellow, Green | Elkron, Camel, Adia | BP, Rhone Poulenc, Seine Maritime | |
| 1989 | Blue | Red, Yellow, Green | Camel, Adia | BP, Seine Maritime, Goodyear, Lamborghini, Haute Normandie | |
| 1990 | Blue | Red, Green, Yellow | Toshiba | BP, Unisys, Adia, Towa, Goodyear, TDK, Espo Communications, Geo Corporation, Ghidini, Viel & cie, Rhone-Poulenc | |
| 1991 | Blue | Red, green | Toshiba | BP, Unisys, Orangina, Central Park, Adia, Rizla+ | |
| 1992 | Blue, Yellow | Red, green | Venturi | BP, Unisys, Orangina, Central Park, Adia | |
| 1992 | Blue, Yellow | Red, green | Venturi | BP, Unisys, Orangina, central park, Adia, Goodyear | |
| 1993 | Blue, Yellow | Red, green | Zanussi | BP, Unisys, Goodyear, Chrysler, Rizla+ | |
| 1994 | Red, White | Black, Green | Kronenburg, Zanussi | Ford, Goodyear, Adidas, Elf Aquitaine, Rizla+, Eurosport | |
| 1994 (non alcohol/tobacco races) | Green | Blue, Gold | Tourtel, Zanussi, Speedy | Ford, Goodyear, PACA, Adidas, Elf Aquitaine, Gauloises Blondes, Rizla+ | In countries where advertise alcohol or tobacco is forbidden, Larrousse used the Tourtel livery |
Life[edit]
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Non-tobacco/alcohol livery changes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | Red | Black | Albini & Fontanot, Life - Pic | Agip, Goodyear, Beta Tools, ICM, Champion, TDD, Nardi Borelli |
Ligier[edit]
Ligier always raced with a Bleu de France or Blue Livery, with red, black or white parts
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Livery sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Non-tobacco livery changes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1976-1991 | Blue | White, red (1982, 1984) | Gitanes | Elf (1979–83, 1986–1990), Talbot (1980–1982), Michelin, Matra (1977–82), Café do Brasil (1983), LOTO (1984–1990), Ligier, Antar (1984–1985, 1989), Goodyear (1987–1990), Ricard (1986), Pirelli (1985–1986), Renault (1984–1990) | |
| 1991-1995 | Blue, white(1993) | White, blue (1993), black (1991, 1993), red (1992, 1994) | Gitanes Blondes, Ligier, Zenith (1993), Les Pages Jaunes (1993), Loto (1992, 1994–1995) Elf Aquitaine | Kickers, Mugen (1995), Goodyear, Giordana, Lamborghini (1991), Renault (1992–1994), Speedy (1995), Albatros (1995) | Gitanes text was removed (1991–1993), Gitanes logo with a barcode over name (1994–1995), or "Gitanes" was replaced with "Ligier" and the Gitanes logo was replaced with a man with the French flag (1995) |
| 1993 (Japan GP and Australia GP) | White | Light Blue, Black | Gitanes | None | This Livery designed by Hugo Pratt was used only by Martin Brundle |
| 1996 | Blue | White, yellow | Gauloises, Ligier, Parmalat, Elf Aquitaine | Kickers, Mugen (1995), Goodyear, Giordana, Arisco, Amik, Fontana Bulloneria, Cricket & co, GUAM, BBS, Brembo, NGK, Tom Walkinshaw Racing | "Gauloises" was replaced with "Ligier" |
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The 1980 Ligier JS11/15 being demonstrated at the 2008 Goodwood Festival of Speed.
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Andrea de Cesaris drives the JS23 chassis at the 1984 Dallas Grand Prix.
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Ligier's last F1 car, the JS43, on display. Driven by Olivier Panis and Pedro Diniz, it provided Panis' only F1 victory and Ligier's last, at the 1996 Monaco Grand Prix.
Lotus (1968–1994)[edit]
Lotus was the first team to abandon the national colour system when the possibility to do so was created in 1968. Lotus also had one of the longest sponsorship cooperations in Formula One history, making the black and gold of its 1972–1986 John Player Special seasons one of the best known liveries to this day.
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Livery sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Non-tobacco livery changes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1968–1971 | Red and white | Gold | Gold Leaf (Imperial Tobacco) | ||
| 1972–1978 | Black | Gold | John Player Special (Imperial Tobacco) | Olympus (1978) | |
| 1979 | British racing green | Red, white and blue | Martini | Tissot | |
| 1980 | Dark blue | Red and white | Essex | Tissot | |
| 1981–1986 | Black | Gold | John Player Special (Imperial Tobacco) | Essex, Tissot, Courage (1981); Olympus (1985); DeLonghi (1986) | "John Player Special" and the "JPS" was replaced with Laurels designs |
| 1987 | Yellow | Blue | Camel | DeLonghi | "Camel" was replaced with "Lotus" |
| 1988 | Yellow | Blue, Green | Camel | "Camel" was replaced with "Lotus" | |
| 1989 | Yellow | Dark Blue | Camel | Epson | "Camel" was replaced with "Lotus" |
| 1990 | Yellow | Blue, Light Green | Camel | "Camel" was replaced with "Lotus" | |
| 1991–1992 | Green | White (1991); Yellow (1992) | BP | Hitachi, Tamiya, Tommy Hilfiger, Komatsu, Nichibutsu, Shionogi, Castrol | |
| 1993–1994 | Green, white and red | Black and yellow | Castrol | Hitachi, Tamiya, Tommy Hilfiger, Miller, Loctite, Shionogi, Mobil 1, Pepe Jeans, Komatsu, Nichibutsu, [SG Gigante (on Pedro Lamy's Car, as it was his sponsor) |
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Prior to commercial sponsorship, Lotus cars ran in a livery of British racing green. This is a Lotus 33 being demonstrated at the 2006 Goodwood Festival of Speed.
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Lotus pioneered sponsorship in F1 through its deal with Imperial Tobacco, which resulted in the cars racing with a "Gold Leaf" livery. This is Graham Hill driving a Lotus 49B at the 1969 German Grand Prix.
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A Lotus 77 in the famous John Player Special colours.
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However, the partnership was soon renewed, although the JPS logo had to be replaced with a non-tobacco livery on Ayrton Senna's Lotus 98T at the 1986 British Grand Prix.
Lotus (2010–2011)[edit]
The new Lotus team made its début in 2010 and was renamed to Caterham F1 in 2012. It was formally from Malaysia but still had a livery dominated by British racing green, like the old Lotus team had for many years.
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Livery sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010[21] | British racing green | Gold, White | Tune Group | 1Malaysia, Naza Group, Bridgestone, Proton, PACT[disambiguation needed], CNN[22] |
| 2011[23] | British racing green | Gold, White | AirAsia | 1Malaysia, Naza Group, Renault, EQ8, CNN, Dell, General Electric |
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Heikki Kovalainen driving the Lotus T127 at the 2010 Bahrain Grand Prix, March 2010.
Lotus (2012-present)[edit]
The Renault team was renamed to Lotus in 2012, following an agreement with Caterham F1. The team is owned by Luxembourg-based venture capital group Genii Capital and named after its branding partner Group Lotus. Its livery, introduced back in 2011 with Renault R31, was designed as a tribute to the Team Lotus cars of the 1981-1986 and their famous John Player Special liveries.
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Livery sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 | Black | Gold, Red | Lotus, Genii | Total, Rexona, CLEAR, Trina Solar, TW Steel, Renault, Microsoft Dynamics | The team partnered with alternative rock band Linkin Park at the 2012 Monaco Grand Prix to promote an iPad application. The team promoted the movie Dark Knight Rises at the 2012 British Grand Prix. |
| 2013 | Black, Red | Gold | Lotus, Genii | Total, Rexona, CLEAR, Burn, Renault, Microsoft Dynamics, Columbia Records | The Lotus livery changed a little for 2013, with both cars featuring their drivers' respective names near the top air intake. Rumours said that the team was close to signing Honeywell as their sponsor and changed the livery accordingly in advance.[24] |
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Renault R31 livery resembled old Lotus liveries one year before the team was renamed.
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Kimi Räikkönen driving the Lotus E20 at the 2012 Malaysian Grand Prix.
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The special Dark Knight Rises livery (2012).
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Kimi Räikkönen testing the Lotus E21 in Montmelo (2013).
MasterCard Lola[edit]
Extremely short lived team, the team folded after failing to qualify in the opening race.
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1997 | Blue | Red, White, Orange | MasterCard, Pennzoil | Lycra, Lola, Track & Field, Men's Health, Safra, Bridgestone |
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Vincenzo Sospiri attempting to qualify for the 1997 Australian Grand Prix.
March[edit]
March was known for its light blue and green livery between 1987 and 1991 when it raced as Leyton House Racing
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Livery sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | Red (one car)/Blue | STP (one car)/Ford, Menards | ||
| 1971 | Red | STP, Girling, Smog | ||
| 1972 | Red | STP | Champion, Fina, Vick | |
| 1973 | Red | STP | Champion, Fina, Vick, Shell | |
| 1974 | Red | |||
| 1975 | Red | Beta Tools | Champion, Ferodo, Goodyear | |
| 1976 | Red | Blue, White | Goodyear | |
| 1981 | Black | Guinness | Mangels wheels, Rizla+ | |
| 1982 | White | Blue, Red, Gold, Yellow | Rothmans | |
| 1983 | White | Light Blue, Light Green, Red | Rizla+ | Fujifilm, Copec |
| 1987 | Light Blue | Leyton House | Cobra, March | |
| 1988 | Light Blue | Leyton House | Diesel, Annic, Cobra, Diavia, Osama | |
| 1989 | Light Blue | Green, Black | Leyton House | BP, Annic, Osama, Diavia |
| 1990 | Light Blue | Green, Black | Leyton House, Carglass | BP, Annic, Osama, Diavia |
| 1991 | Light Blue | Green, Black | Leyton House, Autoglass | BP, Annic, Osama, Diavia |
| 1992 | Light Blue | Green, White, Black, Blue | Uliveto, BFI, Rizla+, Blaupunkt, Autoglass | BP, Rial, Bon Appetit, Sportrack, Corona. |
Marussia[edit]
Marussia entered Formula One in 2012 when it purchased Virgin Racing.
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Livery sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 | Black, Red | White, Grey | Marussia Motors | Virgin, QNET, CNBC, Pirelli |
| 2013 | Red, Black | White | Marussia Motors | QNET, Sage ERP X3, Antler, Bifold, Pirelli |
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Charles Pic driving the Marussia MR01 during free practice at the 2012 Malaysian Grand Prix.
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Max Chilton driving the Marussia MR02 in Montmelo (2013).
McLaren[edit]
McLaren had one of the longest sponsorship deals in F1 history with Marlboro, whose red-and-white pattern appeared on the team's cars for 23 straight years.[25]
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Livery sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Non-tobacco livery changes Location-specific livery changes (2011-) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1972–1974 | White | Black and red | Yardley | ||
| 1974–1996 | Red and white | Marlboro (Altria Group) | TAG Group, Saima Avandero (1984–1986), Tencel (1995), Kmart (1989–1993), Courtalds | Marlboro logo was replaced with barcode (1984–1985, 1987–1992) or with McLaren (1986, 1991–1993). At the 1986 Portuguese Grand Prix, Keke Rosberg's car was painted yellow and white rather than red and white, to advertise Marlboro Lights. | |
| 1979 (some races) | White | Blue, Gold | Lowenbrau | Marlboro, Texaco, Goodyear, Champion | |
| 1997–2005 | Black | Silver | West (Imperial Tobacco) | Mercedes-Benz, Mobil, Siemens | "West" replaced with West logo (1997–1999), with driver's first names and "Team" (on team members clothing) (1999–2004) or driver's full name and "Team McLaren" (on team members clothing) (2005). |
| 2006 | Silver | Black and Red | Fly Emirates | Mercedes-Benz, Mobil, Johnnie Walker (Diageo plc) | Johnnie Walker logo was either removed or replaced by "Keep Walking" |
| 2007,[26] 2008,[27] 2009[28] | Silver | Red | Vodafone | Mercedes-Benz, Mobil, Johnnie Walker (Diageo plc), Aigo, Santander | |
| 2010[29] | Silver | Red | Vodafone | Mercedes-Benz, Mobil, Johnnie Walker, Aigo, Xtb | |
| 2011[30] | Silver | Red | Vodafone | Mercedes-Benz, Mobil 1, Hugo Boss, Aigo, Johnnie Walker, AkzoNobel | In Montreal, because of Vodafone's 45% stake in Verizon, and the lack of other North American business operations, there is a co-branding of Vodafone and Verizon. |
| 2012 | Silver | Red | Vodafone | Mercedes-Benz, Mobil 1, Hugo Boss, Lucozade, Maximuscle, Tooned | In Austin, the Vodafone branding is replaced with Verizon. |
| 2013 | Silver | Red | Vodafone | Mercedes-Benz, Mobil 1, Hugo Boss, Lucozade, Tooned, Claro | In Bahrain, the Vodafone branding is replaced with Zain due to Vodafone's unwillingness to use the controversial Bahrain GP for marketing purposes. |
-
The original McLaren livery was orange. Team founder Bruce McLaren is pictured driving the McLaren M7C at the 1969 German Grand Prix.
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The team's first sponsorship deal was with Yardley, who branded McLarens such as this M19C (shown being demonstrated at the 2004 Canadian Grand Prix weekend).
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Marlboro colours first appeared on a McLaren in the 1974 season. This is Emerson Fittipaldi driving the McLaren M23 at the 1974 British Grand Prix.
-
The McLaren-Marlboro partnership lasted from 1974 until the end of 1996, and produced several championships, including Ayrton Senna in 1991.
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From 1997 to July 2005, McLaren switched to West. This is Mika Häkkinen driving the McLaren MP4-15 at the 2000 United States Grand Prix.
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At races where tobacco advertising was not allowed, the "West" logos were replaced with the driver's name in identical font. Thus Pedro de la Rosa's McLaren MP4-20 was branded "Pedro" at the 2005 British Grand Prix.
-
McLaren's main sponsor in 2006 was Johnnie Walker, as evidenced by Juan Pablo Montoya's McLaren MP4-21 at the 2006 United States Grand Prix. From this year onwards, the team has also used a highly reflective version of its silver livery.
-
From 2007 onwards, McLaren's title sponsor has been Vodafone. This is Fernando Alonso at the 2007 British Grand Prix.
-
Due to mutual marketing interest of Vodafone and Verizon, McLaren cars run with Verizon advertisement in North America. This is Jenson Button at the 2012 United States Grand Prix.
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Sergio Perez testing the McLaren MP4-28 in Montmelo (2013).
Mercedes Benz[edit]
Mercedes-Benz first competed in Formula One during the 1954 and 1955 seasons. This was in the time before sponsorship liveries and the team was using an all silver livery, the national racing color of Germany. The team was absent from Formula One after this, returning in 1994 as an engine supplier.
Mercedes-Benz rejoined Formula One as a team in 2010 after having purchased the Brawn GP team on 16 November 2009. On 21 December 2009 it signed a €30 million per season contract with Petronas as title sponsor.[31] On 25 January 2010 Mercedes GP unveiled the car livery for the 2010 season.[32] The blueish green livery color of Petronas is just present as fine lines at the side of the car, which overall is mainly painted in silver like the old time Mercedes race cars of the 1930s and 1950s.
| Year | Main colour | Additional colours | Main sponsor | Additional major sponsors | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010[33] | Silver | Black, Green | Petronas | Bridgestone, Aabar Investments, MIG, Henri Lloyd, Graham, Autonomy | |
| 2011[34] | Silver | Green | Petronas, Mercedes | Aabar, Autonomy, Deutsche Post, MIG Bank, Graham London, Monster Energy, Pirelli | |
| 2012 | Silver | Green | Petronas, Mercedes | Aabar, Deutsche Post, MIG Bank, Monster Energy, Pirelli | |
| 2013 | Silver | Green | Petronas, Mercedes | BlackBerry, MIG Bank, Monster Energy, Pirelli | The team promoted Petronas Primax gasoline at the 2013 Malaysian Grand Prix. |
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Karl Kling at the wheel of the W196 at Nürburgring.
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Michael Schumacher testing for Mercedes GP at Jerez, February 2010.
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Michael Schumacher driving Mercedes MGP W02 at the 2011 Italian Grand Prix.
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Lewis Hamilton testing Mercedes F1 W04.
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Nico Rosberg in Mercedes F1 W04 with Petronas Primax branding.
Merzario[edit]
| Year | Main colour | Additional colours | Main sponsor | Additional major sponsors |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1977 | Red | Fina, Goodyear | ||
| 1978 (first version) | Red | Marlboro | Goodyear, Champion | |
| 1978 (second version) | Red | Black | Marlboro | Goodyear, Gulf, Champion |
| 1978 (third version) | Black | Green | Marlboro, Florbath | Goodyear, Rodacciai, Champion |
| 1979 | Yellow | Black | Marlboro, Florbath | RETE, Rodacciai, Goodyear, Champion, Magneti Marelli, La Varesina Sofam Onoranze Funebri |
Midland[edit]
Midland F1 competed for only one year, 2006. They took over Jordan in 2005, but Midland sold it in late 2006 to Spyker. They were the first F1 team to compete with a Russian license. (After Spyker's takeover in mid-2006, the team changed its livery to orange and name to Spyker MF1 Racing. In 2007, the team competed as Spyker F1.)
| Year | Main colour | Additional colours | Livery sponsor | Additional major sponsors |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 | Grey | White, Red | Midland | Rhino's, Mingya |
| 2006 (after Spyker takeover) | Orange | Silver | Spyker, Rhino's | Mingya |
-
Christijan Albers driving a 2006 M16 in the late season Spyker livery.
Minardi[edit]
As the longest lasting Formula 1 backrunners, Minardi had an enormous variety of sponsors during its 21 seasons, but still managed to have a predominantly black painted car most of the time.
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Non-tobacco livery changes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1985 | Yellow | Black | Simod Sportshoes, Gilmar | Resta, Pirelli, Brembo, Koni | |
| 1986 | Yellow | Black | Simod Sportshoes, Gilmar | Resta, Agip, Pirelli, Magneti Marelli | |
| 1987 | Yellow | Black | Simod Sportshoes, Minardi | Reporter, Intercosmo, Lois, Resta | |
| 1988 | Black, Yellow | White | Cimaron, Lois | Gilmar, Resta, Simair, Goodyear, Koni, Atlantic, Sanyo, Camel | |
| 1989 | Black, | Yellow | Simod Sportshoes, Campogalliano Ceramiche | Mokador, Cavallo, Atlantic, Pirelli, Marri, Resta, IBF Formularios | |
| 1990 | White, Yellow | Black | Scm Group, Sime, Lois | Mokador, Malizia, Agip, Pirelli, Resta, Roltra | |
| 1991-1992 | Black, Yellow | White | minardi, Campogalliano Ceramiche | Mercatone Uno, Scm Group, Lamborghini, Chrysler, Agip, Sasiem, Resta, IBF Formularios | |
| 1993 | White, Black | Yellow | Beta, minardi, Valleverde | Mercatone Uno, COCIF, Agip, Roerig, Magneti Marelli, Goodyear, Malaguti | |
| 1994 | Sky Blue, White, Blue | Orange, Black, Yellow | Lucchini, Beta, Fondmetal, Valleverde, Ford, Service Grandiola, Omersub, Central Park | Agip, COCIF, RBM, Magneti Marelli, Resta, Bee, Malaguti, Mercatone Uno | |
| 1995-1996 | Dark Blue, Fluorescent Green | White | Doimo, Valleverde, BRUMS, Catamaran Watches, Ford, Clearly Canadian, Marlboro (1995) | Bossini, Beta, Goodyear, RBM, Fondmetal, Império Bonança, Galletti-Boston, Magneti Marelli, Mercatone Uno, RBM, Kanagawa Clinic, Lusfina | Marlboro changed to bar code (1995) |
| 1997 | Black, Blue | White, Yellow | Mild Seven, Roces | Doimo, Fondmetal, Magneti Marelli, COCIF, Beta, Valleverde | Mild Seven changed to Mild Seven logo |
| 1998 | Blue | White | Fondmetal, Roces, Avex Group | Doimo, Ventura, Telecom, Bossini | |
| 1999 | Silver, Blue | None | Telefónica, | Roces, Fondmetal, Quilmes, Magneti Marelli | |
| 2000 | Yellow | Blue | Telefónica | PSN, Doimo, COCIF, Fondmetal, PDP | |
| 2001 | Black | White | European Aviation | Magnum, LeasePlan, Gericom, PDP, LG | |
| 2002 | Black | None | Go KL (Kuala Lumpur), European Aviation, Magnum | Asiatech, Magneti Marelli | |
| 2003 | Black | White | Trust, Wilux, Muermans Groep | Gazprom | |
| 2004 | Black | White | Trust, Wilux, Muermans Groep | OzJet | During the 2004 United States Grand Prix, Minardi's livery featured logos of Mandemakers Keukens and Goldenpalace.com. |
| 2005 | Black | White | OzJet | co2neutraal.tv, Lost Boys |
-
Minardi raced variations on this original black-and-gold livery in the period 1985-1992. This is a Minardi M185 being raced at Brands Hatch in 2005.
-
The absorption of the BMS Scuderia Italia team into Minardi for 1994 resulted in sponsorship from many Italian companies. This is Pierluigi Martini driving the Minardi M194 at the 1994 British Grand Prix.
-
Mark Webber's Minardi PS02 features "Go KL" branding at the 2002 French Grand Prix due to the identity of his Malaysian team-mate, Alex Yoong.
-
Christijan Albers driving the Minardi PS05 at the 2005 Canadian Grand Prix. OzJet is an aviation company owned by the CEO of Minardi from 2001 to 2005, Paul Stoddart.
Modena[edit]
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | Blue | Black | Victors, Grana Padano, LeasePlan, Central Park | Agip, Goodyear, Radar, Lamborghini |
Onyx[edit]
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Non-Alcohol livery changes(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1989 | Blue | White, Pink | Moneytron | Marlboro, P'tit Lou, Autokrant, CAPA, Goodyear | "Marlboro" was replaced with barcode, the Chevron logo is retained |
| 1990 | Blue | White, Green/Pink | Monteverdi Automuseum | Marlboro, Goodyear | "Marlboro" was replaced with barcode, the Chevron logo is retained |
Osella[edit]
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Non-Alcohol livery changes(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | White | Blue | MS | Denim, Goodyear | |
| 1981 | White | Blue, Red | Denim | Goodyear, Alpilatte, Caref | |
| 1982 | White | Blue, Light Blue | Denim | Pirelli, Saima Avandero, Pioneer | |
| 1983 | Blue | White | Kelemata | Carvico, Sanpi, Alfa Romeo, Vaccari | |
| 1984 | Blue | Red, Black | Kelemata | Carvico, Pirelli, Champion, Milde Sorte, Brembo, Ferodo, Sol, Victor, Emco | |
| 1985 | Blue | White, Black | Kelemata | Agip, Micromax, Victor, Magneti Marelli, Pirelli | |
| 1986 | Blue | White, Black, Yellow | Landis & Gyr, Mase Generators, Orizzonte Piemonte, René Lezard | Financial Trust Co., Pirelli, Master Sport, Bocchini, Agip, Carvico, Edmondo Costruzioni | |
| 1987 | Black | Yellow | Stievani (an electrodomestic emporium from Turin), Rosa dei Mobili (a furniture emporium from Turin) | Arpo, North Pole, Fondmental | |
| 1988 | Black | Yellow, White | Stievani, Rosa | Arpo, North Pole, Fondmental | |
| 1989 | White | Red, Black | Fondmental | Rosa, Sirena, Magneti Marelli, Tardito | |
| 1990 | Black | Orange, Red | Fondmental | Sirena, Arpo, SPAL, Tardito, Rosa |
Pacific[edit]
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Non-Alcohol livery changes(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1994 | Silver | Blue, Pink | Igol Lubrifiants, Pacific Grand Prix, Ursus | Elf Aquitaine, systran, Goodyear | Ursus logo was removed |
| 1995 | Blue | Light Blue, Dark Green, Yellow, Black | Ursus, Synthèse Universelle, Franck Muller | Elf Aquitaine, ITS Ceramiche, RDA management consultants, Air Sicilia, Interflora, Igol Lubrifiants, Ford, brummel, Catamaran Watches, Marie Formigari, Ito En Seleb, Quest, Euromik, Godard, Hewlett Packard, Antera | Ursus logo was removed |
Penske[edit]
Penske entered the Formula One World Championship from 1974 to 1976 and maintained its livery and sponsors throughout its three seasons in F1.
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1974 - 1977 | White | Red, Blue | First National City Travelers Checks | Goodyear, Sunoco, Norton, Spirit |
Prost[edit]
Prost competed in Formula One for five seasons, with similar liveries in each season, despite changing sponsors.
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Non-tobacco livery changes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1997–2000 | Blue | Black | Gauloises, PlayStation 2, Yahoo (2000), AGFA | Société Bic, Alcatel, Peugeot | Gauloises changed to "bar code" or to Alcatel at the 1998 French GP |
| 2001 | Blue | Red | Prost Grand Prix, PSN, Acer | Dark Dog, Parmalat, Adecco, Sodexho (1999–2000) |
-
Olivier Panis driving the Prost AP01 at the 1998 Canadian Grand Prix.
RAM[edit]
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1976–1983 | See Brabham / March | |||
| 1984 | White | Green | Skoal Bandit | Rizla+, Sitev, Contesse Barry, Newsweek |
| 1985 | White | Green | Skoal Bandit | Rizla+, Sitev, Conte of Florence, Newsweek, Rizla+, Pirelli |
Rebaque[edit]
Rebaque is the only Mexican team in F1 to date. Named after its driver Hector Rebaque, it always raced with a brown and gold livery.
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1978 | Brown | Gold | None | None |
| 1979 | Brown | Gold | Carta Blanca, Marlboro | None |
Red Bull Racing[edit]
Jaguar Racing was renamed Red Bull Racing after the former was bought from Ford on 15 November 2004 by the energy drink company.[35] Red Bull's involvement in Formula One dates back to 1995, when it first sponsored the Sauber team. The deal with Sauber lasted until the end of the 2004 season.
Since its first season in 2005 the car livery did not change much, always keeping Red Bull as the main sponsor. This changed in 2013, when Infiniti became the team's title sponsor and Red Bull's branding on the car was reduced.
Red Bull have used special liveries on multiple occasions, supporting the release up upcoming films and company's charity program Wings for Life.
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Livery sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Special liveries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005-2006[36] | Blue | Red, Yellow, Silver | Red Bull | Hangar-7 | The team supported movies Star Wars: Episode III and Superman Returns at the 2005 and 2006 Monaco Grand Prix respectively. |
| 2007[36] | Blue | Red, Yellow | Red Bull | Metro International | The team used special livery at the 2007 British Grand Prix to promote Wings for Life charity program. |
| 2008[37] | Blue | Red, Yellow | Red Bull | Wings For Life | The team used special livery at the 2008 Brazilian Grand Prix, highlighting David Coulthard's retirement from Formula One. Red Bull Racing received approval from the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile, Formula One's governing body, to run Coulthard's car in different colours than his team-mate Mark Webber.[38] |
| 2009[39] | Blue | Red, Yellow | Red Bull | Hangar-7, Red Bull Mobile, 7-Eleven | |
| 2010[40] | Dark Blue | Red, Yellow | Red Bull | Total, Renault, Pepe Jeans, Rauch, Red Bull Mobile, Singha, LG | |
| 2011[41]-2012 | Dark Blue | Red, Yellow | Red Bull, Infiniti, Total | Rauch, Renault, Pepe Jeans, FXDD, CASIO, Singha, Pirelli, Geox, SKY | The team used special Faces for Charity livery at the 2012 British Grand Prix, once again promoting Wings for Life. |
| 2013 | Blue, Purple | Red, Yellow | Infiniti, Red Bull, Total | Rauch, Renault, Pepe Jeans, FXDD, CASIO, Singha, Pirelli, Geox, SKY |
-
Mark Webber driving the Red Bull RB3 at the 2007 United States Grand Prix.
-
David Coulthard promoting the launch of Superman Returns at the 2006 Monaco Grand Prix.
-
The special Wings for Life livery at the 2007 British Grand Prix.
-
David Coulthard's Red Bull RB4 from the 2008 Brazilian Grand Prix, Coulthard's final race in Formula One.
-
Sebastian Vettel driving the Red Bull RB7 at the 2011 Malaysian Grand Prix.
-
The Red Bull RB8 ran a special livery at the 2012 British Grand Prix featuring photographs of fans to raise money for the Wings for Life foundation.
-
Purple strips and gradients on the Red Bull RB9 payed more attention to the Infiniti sponsorship
Renault[edit]
Renault entered Formula One in 1977 and withdrew as a team after the 1985 season. Renault returned to Formula One in 2002 by buying the Benetton team. Renault had a contract with Mild Seven from 2002 to 2006, and had a title contract with ING Group from 2007 to Italian Grand Prix 2009 when ING withdrew all association with Renault.
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Livery sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Non-tobacco and other livery changes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1977–1985 | Yellow | Black, White | Elf Aquitaine, Renault | Longines | |
| 2002-2004,[42] 2005, 2006 | Blue | Yellow | Mild Seven | Chronotech, Elf Aquitaine, Telefónica (2004–2006), Hanjin Shipping (2002–2006) | "Mild Seven" was replaced with "Blue World" or "RenaultSport" (2002), Mild Seven logo was replaced with "Blue World" or replaced with sky blue space (2003), Mild Seven was replaced with drivers full name, Mild Seven logo was replaced number cars, "Mild Seven" was replaced with "Team Spirit" (on team members clothing) (2004), Mild Seven changed to "Team Spirit" or concept art (2005 to 2006) |
| 2007[43] | Yellow | White, Orange | ING Group | Hanjin Shipping, Chronotech | |
| 2008[44] | Yellow | White, Orange | ING Group | Chronotech, Mutua Madrileña, Pepe Jeans | |
| 2009[45] | Yellow | White, Orange, Red | ING Group (until Italian GP[46]), Renault (from Singapore GP) | Total, Mutua Madrileña (until Italian GP[46]), Pepe Jeans, TW Steel (from Abu Dhabi GP), MegaFon | "ING" changed to "Renault" once ING withdrew support following the Italian GP[46] |
| 2010[47] | Yellow, Black | Red | Renault | Total, TW Steel, Elf, Bridgestone, HP,[48][49] Mov'It,[48][49] Lada,[49][50] DIAC,[51] Bank Snoras, Vyborg Shipyards, Flagman Vodka | |
| 2011[52] | Black | Gold, Red | Renault, Lotus | Total, Genii, Lada, Japan Rags, Trina Solar, Sibur, TW Steel, Suncore Corporation, Embratel, Flagman, Rover Coal, Helvetica, Elf, Magneti Marelli, Symantec, Elysium, NetApp, Pirelli |
-
Renault's return in 2002 saw the traditional yellow combined with the light blue of Mild Seven. This is Jarno Trulli driving the Renault R23 in 2003
-
Jarno Trulli driving the Renault R24 at the 2004 United States Grand Prix.
-
Renault's employment of Fernando Alonso (shown driving the Renault R25 at the 2005 British Grand Prix) also saw Telefónica become a major sponsor of the team.
-
For 2007, Renault switched from Mild Seven to ING. This is Giancarlo Fisichella driving the Renault R27 at the 2007 British Grand Prix.
-
For 2009, Renault changed from Elf to Total by fuel. This is Fernando Alonso testing in Circuit de Catalunya, 2009
-
The livery used on the Renault R29 after ING Group withdrew its support.
-
Robert Kubica testing for Renault F1 at Jerez, February 2010.
-
Bruno Senna racing for Renault F1 at the 2011 Italian Grand Prix.
Rial[edit]
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1988 | Blue | Black, White | Rial, Bobson Jeans | Marlboro, Wheels, STP, Alpine, Tamoil |
| 1989 | Blue | Black, White | Rial | Marlboro, STP, Behr, Einbach, Goodyear |
Sauber[edit]
Sauber is a Swiss Formula One constructor that joined the Formula One grid in 1993. At the end of the 2005 season it was bought by BMW and from 2006 to 2009 it raced as BMW Sauber F1 Team. On 27 November 2009, BMW agreed to sell the team back to its original founder, Peter Sauber.[2] The 2010 Formula One season marked Sauber's return as an independent constructor.
| Year | Main colour | Additional colours | Livery sponsor | Additional major sponsors | Other Changes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1993 | Black | White | Liqui Moly, Mercedes-Benz, Elf, Lightouse, Broker Goodyear | ||
| 1994 | Black | White, Red | Tissot, Broker | Mercedes-Benz, Harvard, Sonax, Castrol | In the last GP of the season there was written on the sidepods of de Cesaris' car "Grande Andrea""(Great, Andrea!), "200 Gran Premi" (200 Grand Prixes) and "In Bocca al Lupo!" (Good Luck) and the car was decorated with pink and yellow stripes of the car |
| 1995 | Navy Blue | Yellow, Red | Red Bull | Ford, Petronas, Goodyear | |
| 1996 | Blue | Turquoise, Red, Yellow | Red Bull | Ford, Petronas, Goodyear | |
| 1997 - 1998 | Blue | Turquoise, Red, Yellow | Red Bull, Petronas | Goodyear, | |
| 1999 - 2002 | Blue | Turquoise, Red, Yellow | Red Bull, Petronas, Parmalat | Bridgestone | |
| 2003 - 2004[53] | Blue | Turquoise, Red, Yellow, White | Red Bull, Petronas | Bridgestone, Credit Suisse, Emil Frey | |
| 2005 | Blue | Turquoise, Yellow, White | Petronas | Michelin, Credit Suisse, MTS GSM | |
| 2006–2009 | see BMW Sauber | ||||
| 2010[54] | White, Black | Red | Club One | Certina,[55] Bridgestone, Scalp-D, Burger King, Emil Frey, Mad Croc Energy | |
| 2011[56] | White, Black | Red | Claro | Telmex, Disensa, Telcel, NEC, José Cuervo, Interproteccion, AsiaJet, Certina, Emil Frey, Mad Croc, Nabholz, Pirelli | The José Cuervo ad was for Cuervo Tequila except for Istanbul, where their Cholula Hot Sauce replaced the drink because of prohibitions on alcohol advertising. |
| 2012 | White, Black | Red | Claro | Telmex, Telcel, NEC, Chelsea F.C., Disensa, José Cuervo, Interproteccion, Certina, Emil Frey, Nabholz, Pirelli | |
| 2013 | Dark grey, Silver | Red, White | Claro | Telmex, Telcel, NEC, OC Oerlikon, Chelsea F.C., José Cuervo, Interproteccion, Certina, Emil Frey, Pirelli | |
-
Heinz-Harald Frentzen driving for Sauber at the 1995 British Grand Prix.
-
Jean Alesi's 1999 Sauber C18.
-
Pedro Diniz driving for Sauber at the 2000 Canadian Grand Prix.
-
Giancarlo Fisichella driving the Sauber C23 at the US Grand Prix at Indianapolis, 2004.
-
Jacques Villeneuve at the 2005 US Grand Prix.
-
Kamui Kobayashi driving for BMW Sauber at Jerez, February 2010.
-
Sergio Pérez driving for Sauber at Sepang, 2011.
-
Sergio Pérez driving at 2012 Canadian Grand Prix.
-
Esteban Gutierrez testing Sauber C32 in Montmelo (2013).
Shadow[edit]
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Livery sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1973 | White | Red | Embassy | Esso, Goodyear, Ferodo | |
| 1974 | Black | Universal Oil Products | Goodyear | ||
| 1975 | Black | Red, Orange | Universal Oil Products | Goodyear, Champion | |
| 1976 | Black | Red, White | Lucky Strike | Goodyear | appeared in 1 Car |
| 1976 | Black | Red, Blue | Tabatip | Goodyear | |
| 1977 | White | Red, Blue, Light Blue | Tabatip, Villiger-Kiel | Goodyear | |
| 1978–1979 | White, Blue (Lammers) | Red / Burning Lion (Lammers) | Villiger, Villiger-Kiel, Samson (Lammers) | Goodyear | |
| 1980 | Black | Yellow, Orange, Red | Villiger, Samson | Goodyear |
Simtek[edit]
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Livery sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1994–1995 | Purple | Red, Black, Blue | MTV Europe, Barbara MC (after Ratzenberger's death), XTC | Russell Athletic, Ford, Würth, Goodyear, Vernilux, Korean Air, Fogo de Chao (in some GPs), COX Sport Shoes, Paul Mitchell, Men's Tenoras, Marutama Foods, Time-Sert, Ford | After Ratzenberger's death, on the airbox an Austrian flag with "For Roland" text was displayed. |
-
Roland Ratzenberger's Simtek at the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix.
Spirit[edit]
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1983 (early livery) | White | Red, Blue, Black | Honda | Marlboro, NGK, Newsweek, Shell, +1 |
| 1983 (later livery) | Blue | Red, White, Black | Honda, Virginiana, Kelemata | Marlboro, NGK, Newsweek, Shell, +1, SYDEXPO |
| 1984 (early livery) | White | Black | Sport Goofy, Panasonic, Momo, Majestic | STP, Bburago, Topolino, Pirelli |
| 1984 (later livery) | Red | Black, White | Sport Goofy, Panasonic, Momo, Marlboro, | STP, Bburago, Pirelli |
| 1985 (early livery) | White | Black | Elledi Wafers, Australian | Coopbox, Pirelli, Honda |
| 1985 (later livery) | Blue | Red, Blue, White | Australian, Elledi Wafers | Rombo, Pirelli, Coopbox, Nikon, Honda |
-
Spirit's first Formula One chassis, the Spirit 201C.
Spyker[edit]
Spyker took part in only one season of Formula One. The main colour of the car did not directly reflect the sponsorships but was the orange racing colour of the Netherlands.
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2007[57] | Orange | Black | Etihad, Aldar Abu Dhabi | Superfund Group, Medion |
Stewart[edit]
Stewart lasted for only 3 years before being bought out by its engine supplier, Ford, and being rebranded as Jaguar, but managed to win a race in its final season, 1999. Stewart had a tartan decoration on its cars to represent its Scottish nationality.
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1997 to 1999 | White | Blue and Yellow-Green tartan | Ford, HSBC (1999) | Texaco, Lear, Visit Malaysia |
Super Aguri[edit]
Super Aguri was set up before the 2006 season by Aguri Suzuki, with the help of Honda Racing, to provide a drive for former Honda driver Takuma Sato. For the 2006 season's SA05 and SA06, their car was based on the 2002 Arrows A23, after which, for the 2007 and 2008 seasons, they ran cars based on the previous year's Honda chassis.
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 | White | Red | None | Samantha Kingz, Honda |
| 2007[58][59] | Red | White | S.S. United, then Four Leaf | Samantha Kingz, Honda |
| 2008[60] | Red | White, Black | Samantha Kingz | Honda |
Surtees[edit]
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | Red | White | None | Ferodo |
| 1971 | Red or Blue | White | Broke Bond Oxo | None |
| 1972 | Yellow | Light Blue | Matchbox | Ford, Firestone |
| 1973 | Blue | Yellow, Green | Brazil Export | Firestone, Fina |
| 1974 | White | Red | Hi-Fi Bang & Olusen | Matchbox, Fina, Firestone |
| 1975 | Yellow | Blue, Red | Matchbox | Fina, Goodyear |
| 1976 | White | Gold, Black | Durex | Fina, Goodyear |
| 1977 | White | Orange, Black | Beta Tools | Fina |
| 1978 | Red | None | Beta Tools | Fina, Goodyear |
Tecno[edit]
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Non-tobacco/alcohol livery changes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1972-1973 | Red | Blue | Martini | Castrol, Firestone |
Toleman[edit]
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Non-tobacco/alcohol livery changes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1981 | Blue | Red, White, Green | Candy, Saima Avandero | Magirus, Sergio Tacchini | |
| 1982 | Blue | White, Red | Cougar | Pirelli | |
| 1983 | Blue | Red, White, Green | Candy | Magirus, Sergio Tacchini | |
| 1984 | White | Red, Blue | Segafredo, Candy | Magirus, Sergio Tacchini | |
| 1985 | White, Blue | Country Flags, | United Colors of Benetton | Agip |
-
Ayrton Senna's Toleman TG184 car, with which he took second place at the 1984 Monaco Grand Prix
Toro Rosso[edit]
Toro Rosso is the sister team of Red Bull Racing. Since it originated from the buyout of Minardi, its name means Red Bull in Italian.[61] At the beginning, the team used to have the same name and sponsors as its parent team, with the major difference being the presence of a scarlet "charging bull" painted over the engine cowling.
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Livery sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006, 2007,[62] 2008, 2009[63] | Dark Blue | Red, Gold | Red Bull | Bridgestone, Cosworth (2006), Magneti Marelli (2008–2009) |
| 2010[64] | Dark Blue | Red, Gold | Red Bull | Red Bull Mobile, Speed Week, Money Service Group |
| 2011[65] | Dark Blue | Red, Gold | Red Bull | Red Bull Mobile, Money Service Group, Red Bulletin, Speed Week, Siemens, Pirelli, Cepsa |
| 2012, 2013 | Dark Blue | Red, Gold | Red Bull | Cepsa, Falcon Private Bank, NOVA Chemicals, Siemens, Pirelli |
-
Sebastian Vettel driving the Toro Rosso STR2 at the 2007 Italian Grand Prix.
-
Sponsorship from Falcon Bank brought more gold to the team's livery. This is Daniel Ricciardo driving the STR7 at the 2012 Malaysian Grand Prix.
Toyota[edit]
When car manufacturers started to concentrate in their own F1 teams at the start of the decade, Toyota was one of them. As main rival Honda did, they always painted their cars with the same white/red color scheme, instead of any sponsor colors.
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | Red | White | Panasonic | Esso |
| 2002-2004,[66] 2005, 2006, 2007,[67] 2008,[68] 2009[69] | White | Red | Panasonic | Denso, Esso, KDDI |
Theodore Racing[edit]
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1977 | White | Red | Theodore Racing | Elf Aquitaine, Goodyear |
| 1978 | White | Red | Kecn Kemden & Blusen | Theodore Racing, Air Press, Hi-iinc |
| 1981 | White | Red | Euro Hi-Fi Video/ Cognac Courvoisier/ Hi-Iinc / Rombo | Theodore Racing, |
| 1982 | White | Red | Allwave, Interstate Auto Design | Theodore Racing, Hawa Air Antwerpen, Lindemann, Valvoline |
| 1983 | Navy Blue | White | Segafredo, Sanyo | Pikenz, Conte of Florence, Champion, Valvoline |
Trojan[edit]
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Main sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1974 | White | Red | Homelite, Suzuki GB | Champion, Firestone |
Tyrrell[edit]
Tyrrell Racing competed in Formula One from 1970-1998. Its traditional colour was blue and white, or a combination as such, for most of the 1970s and 1980s. The cars were more white during the mid to late 1990s.
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Livery sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970–1976 | Blue | Yellow (1976) | Elf | (at the Japanese GP, there was written Tyrrell in hiragana) |
| 1977–1978 | Blue and white | Elf | First National City Bank | |
| 1979-1980 | Blue and white | Red | Candy | |
| 1981 | Blue and white | |||
| 1982 | Blue and white | Red | Candy | |
| 1983 | Green | Black | Benetton | |
| 1984 | Burgundy / Black/Blue | Blue, Yellow/Yellow, Red/White, Red | DeLonghi (1 car)/Systime | Yardley/Maredo, Shell/Courtalds |
| 1985 | Blue | Black | Tyrrell | Renault, Goodyear, Courtalds, Maredo |
| 1986-1987 | Black and white | Data General | Courtalds, Renault | |
| 1988 | Black | Yellow | Courtalds | Unipart, Camel, Cavendish Service, Data General |
| 1989 | Blue and yellow | Camel, Kidland, XP Parcel Express, Unipart | ||
| 1990 | Blue and white | Epson | Calbee, Nippon Shinpan | |
| 1991-1992 | Black and white | Braun | Calbee, Nippon Shinpan, Shell, Essilor, Courtalds | |
| 1992-1993 | Blue and white | Red (1993) | Cabin, Calbee, Yamaha, BP, Club Angle | |
| 1994 | White | Blue | Mild Seven | Yamaha, Calbee, Autodesk, Club Angle, Judd Engines, Fondmetal, BP |
| 1995 | Blue/Blue and white | Nokia | Club Angle, Yamaha, Korean Air, Fondmetal, Mild Seven, Agip, Apan777, Hoxsin | |
| 1996-1997 | White | Blue (1996), | PIAA (1997), Morse, Yamaha (1996), Korean Air (1996), Fondmetal (1996) | Mild Seven (1996), Barbara Behlau (1997), Real Love (1997), ICL (1997), Xena: Warrior Princess (1997 British GP) |
| 1998 | Black and white | Grey | PIAA, Morse, | Safra, Brother, Lycra, European Aviation, Sun Microsystems, Ford, Goodyear, YKK |
-
The Tyrrell P34 six-wheeler, driven by Jody Scheckter at the 1976 German Grand Prix, in blue Elf livery.
-
Stefan Bellof driving the Tyrrell 012 at the 1984 Dallas Grand Prix with a DeLonghi livery. When Bellof and Martin Brundle were Tyrrell team-mates in 1984, their cars had different liveries.
-
Tyrrell had PIAA sponsorship in 1997 and 1998. This is Toranosuke Takagi driving the Tyrrell 026 at the 1998 Spanish Grand Prix.
Virgin[edit]
The Virgin Group's involvement with Formula One started in 2009 when they decided to sponsor Brawn GP for that season.[70] On 30 November 2009 it was reported that the Manor GP, one of the four newcomers teams for the 2010 season, would be rebranded as Virgin Racing.[71]
| Year | Main colour | Additional colours | Livery sponsor | Additional major sponsors |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010[72] | Black, Red | White | Virgin Group | FxPro, Marussia, Bridgestone, Clear, Carbon Green, UST Global, Full Tilt Poker.Com |
| 2011[73] | Black, Red | White | Virgin | Marussia, QNET, Quantel, UST Global, CSC, Quick, LDC[disambiguation needed], Kappa, Armin, Pirelli |
-
Timo Glock testing the Virgin VR-01 during pre-season testing in Jerez, February 2010.
Williams[edit]
Williams, as a major constructor, is rare in modern F1 in that they have no manufacturer backing. Over the years, their supply of engines and other major components has often changed, meaning that their livery is renewed more often than most of their rivals. Sponsors of Williams can often have the livery dramatically changed, which has helped to keep Williams competitively financed since 1978, when Williams first entered as a constructor.[74]
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Livery sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Non-tobacco livery changes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1978–1979 | White | Green and Black | Saudia, TAG | Denim | |
| 1980–1983 | White | Black | Saudia | Denim, Leyland (1981), TAG (1982–1983) | |
| 1984 | White | Yellow | Denim | ICI | |
| 1985–1989 | Yellow and White | Blue | Canon | ICI, Tactel, Honda, Barclay (was replaced by driver's surname in races that didn't allowed alcohol or tobacco) | |
| 1990 | Blue and Yellow | White | Canon | Elf | |
| 1991–1993 | Yellow and White | Blue | Camel | Canon, Elf, Labatt's (1991–1992), Sega (1993) | Camel was replaced by Camel logo |
| 1994–1997 | Blue | White | Rothmans | Elf, Renault, Segafredo (1994–1995), Sanyo (1995–1997), Black Tower (1996), Sonax (1996–1997), Divella, Hype Energy (1997–1998) | "Rothmans" was replaced with "Williams", "Racing", "bar code", "?" (1997 French Grand Prix) or "Ro?" |
| 1998 | Red | White | Winfield | Sonax, Veltins, Woody Woodpecker | "Winfield" was replaced with "WilliamsF1" and the Winfield logo was replaced with an orange diamond with a black kangaroo or a black boomerang on it. |
| 1999 | Red and White | Blue | Winfield | Castrol, Brother, Veltins, Woody Woodpecker | |
| 2000-2004,[75] 2005 | Blue and White | Compaq (2000–02), HP (2003–05) | Castrol (2000), Allianz (2001–05), Budweiser (2003–06), BMW, FedEx, RBS (2005-) | In races in Germany, because of trademark issues, "Anheuser-Busch" was placed below "Bud". For non-alcohol races, Sea World Adventure Parks (from Anheuser-Busch's Busch Entertainment theme parks) replaced Budweiser. | |
| 2006 | Deep Blue | White | Allianz | RBS, FedEx, Tata, Mobilecast | |
| 2007[76] | Blue | White | AT&T, Lenovo | RBS, Allianz, Petrobras, Hamleys | |
| 2008[77] | Dark Blue | White | AT&T, RBS, Hamleys | Philips, Lenovo, Allianz, Petrobras, Oris | |
| 2009[78][79] | Dark Blue | White | RBS, Philips | AT&T, Allianz, Thomson, Oris, Randstad, AirAsia | |
| 2010[80] | Blue | White | RBS, Philips | AT&T, Allianz, Randstad, Oris, HELL energy drink, Accenture, Thomson Reuters, Air Asia | |
| 2011[81] | Blue, White | Red, Gold | AT&T | Randstad, PDVSA, Venezuela Tourism, Oris, Ridge Solutions, Thomson Reuters, GAC, Pirelli, Cosworth | |
| 2012 | Dark Blue | White, Red | Randstad, PDVSA, Gillette, Renault, Embratel, Venezuela Tourism, Oris, Head & Shoulders, Ridge Solutions, Thomson Reuters, Pirelli | ||
| 2013[82] | Dark Blue | White, Red | PDVSA, Randstad, Renault, Venezuela Tourism, Wihuri, Oris, Kemppi, Experian, Pirelli |
-
Williams was sponsored primarily by Saudi Arabian Airlines from 1978 to 1984. This is a Williams FW07C being driven in 2007 at the DAMC 05 Oldtimer Festival Nürburgring.
-
Williams switched to Canon sponsorship in 1985 and retained it until 1993. This is Keke Rosberg driving the Williams FW10 at the 1985 German Grand Prix.
-
The team switched to Rothmans backing in 1994, which it kept until the end of 1997. This is Jacques Villeneuve driving the Williams FW18 at the 1996 Canadian Grand Prix.
-
Alessandro Zanardi driving for Williams at the 1999 Canadian Grand Prix.
-
Ralf Schumacher driving the HP-sponsored Williams FW25 at the 2003 USGP.
-
Since 2006, the team's liveries have been based on a dark blue-and-white theme. This is Nico Rosberg driving the Williams FW28 at the 2006 Canadian Grand Prix.
-
In 2011, the livery was slightly changed with red and gold additional colours added to resemble the Rothmans livery used from 1994 to 1997.
Wolf[edit]
| Year | Main colour | Additional colours | Livery sponsor | Additional major sponsors |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1977 - 1978 | Black | Gold | Walter Wolf Racing | Castrol, Champion |
| 1979 | Black | Gold | Walter Wolf Racing, Olympus | Castrol, Champion |
Zakspeed[edit]
| Year | Main colour(s) | Additional colour(s) | Livery sponsor(s) | Additional major sponsor(s) | Non-tobacco livery changes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1985–1989 | Red | White | West | Shell, Koni, Carlo Colusci, Fondmental, Jever (1987), Geo Corporation (1989), Castrol (1989) | "West" was covered with black gaps or replaced with "East" |
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