Frederick Whitaker

For the civil engineer, see Frederick Arthur Whitaker.

The Honourable Sir Frederick Whitaker
Frederick Whitaker, ca 1870s
5th Premier of New Zealand
In office 30 October 1863 – 24 November 1864 21 April 1882 - 25 September 1883
Monarch	Victoria
Governor	George Grey Arthuer Hamilton-Gordon William Jervois
Preceded by	Alfred Domett (1863) John Hall (1882)
Succeeded by	Frederick Weld (1864) Harry Atkinson (1883)
Constituency	Legislative Council
Member of the New Zealand Parliament for Parnell
In office 1866 – 1867
Member of the New Zealand Parliament for Waikato
In office 1876 – 1879
2nd Speaker of the Legislative Council
In office 1855–1856
Preceded by	William Swainson
Succeeded by	Thomas Bartley
1st Attorney-General
In office 7 May 1856 – 20 May 1856
In office 2 June 1856 – 12 July 1861
Personal details
Born	23 April 1812(1812-04-23) Bampton, Oxfordshire, England
Died	4 December 1891(1891-12-04) (aged 79) Auckland, New Zealand
Political party	Independent
Spouse(s)	Jane Augusta Griffith
Relations	Alexander Shepherd (father-in-law)
Religion	Anglican

Sir Frederick Whitaker, KCMG (1812–1891) was an English-born New Zealand politician who served twice as the Prime Minister of New Zealand and six times as Attorney-General.

Early life

Whitaker was born at the Deanery Manor House, Bampton, Oxfordshire, England on 23 April 1812, the son of Frederick Whitaker and Susanna Whitaker (née Humfrey). Frederick junior undertook a legal education and became a solicitor and attorney at the age of 27. A year later he sailed to Australia and then New Zealand. He married Jane Augusta Griffith, stepdaughter of Alexander Shepherd (Colonial Treasurer) at St. Paul's Church in Auckland on 4 March 1843.

Whitaker lived in Auckland and was appointed a County Court judge until this position was abolished in 1844, at which time he returned to work as a lawyer. He was appointed to the New Zealand Legislative Council in March 1845. He also served as a major in the militia.

After leaving the Legislative Council in 1846 he became a member again in May 1853. He also became the provincial law officer for Auckland Province in 1854.

Attorney-General

Whitaker became the first Attorney-General of New Zealand in the Sewell Ministry led by Henry Sewell in 1856. He did not serve as Attorney-General in the subsequent Fox Ministry that was in power for a fortnight, but was again appointed to this position in the Stafford Ministry from 2 June 1856 onwards. He served as Attorney-General until the defeat of the Stafford Ministry on 12 July 1861 and went back to the law. In October 1863 Whitaker was called upon to form a government to replace Premier Domett following his defeat at a vote of no-confidence.

First Premiership

Whitaker's term as Premier lasted just over a year until November 1864. His term ended due to differences between himself and Governor Grey over the conduct of the New Zealand wars. Whitaker also resigned as a member of the Legislative Council. He served briefly as the member of Parliament for Parnell from 1866 to 1867.

In October 1865 he was elected Superintendent of Auckland Province, which office he held until 1867. Then for nine years he stayed away from public office.

Second Premiership

Parliament of New Zealand
Years	Term	Electorate		Party
1866–1867	4th	Parnell		Independent
1876–1879	6th	Waikato		Independent

In 1876 he became MP for Waikato and later Attorney-General again in Atkinson's government; the Atkinson Ministry lasted until October 1877. Whitaker lost his seat in the House in 1879, when he was defeated for Eden. However when Premier Hall wanted him to serve as Attorney-General again, he was appointed once more to the Legislative Council in 1879. When Hall resigned in April 1882, Whitaker became Premier for the second time, serving until September 1883.

Whitaker was made a KCMG in 1884 and served again as Attorney-General, and as leader of the Legislative Council from 1887 to 1890. By then his health was failing, and he died on 4 December 1891.

References

• Burke, Edmund (1891). Annual Register. Longmans, Green and Co.. p. 209. http://books.google.com/books?id=zTMFLQ0SbgsC&pg=RA5-PA209&dq=%22Frederick+Whitaker%22&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=fJqbSMSPIpzwigHhjb37BA. 
• Scholefield, Guy Hardy (1950) [First ed. published 1913]. New Zealand parliamentary record, 1840-1949. Wellington: Govt. Printer. 
• The New Zealand Official Year-book. 1905. p. 25. http://books.google.com/books?id=D1AUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA25&dq=%22Frederick+Whitaker%22&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=fJqbSMSPIpzwigHhjb37BA#PPA25,M1. 

Political offices
Preceded by William Swainson	Speaker of the New Zealand Legislative Council 1855–1856	Succeeded by Thomas Bartley
New office	Attorney-General 1856 1856–1861	Succeeded by William Fox
Preceded by William Fox		Succeeded by William Fox
Preceded by Robert Graham	Superintendent of Auckland Province 1865–1867	Succeeded by John Williamson