Friedwardt Winterberg

Friedwardt Winterberg
Friedwart Winterberg
Born	June 12, 1929(1929-06-12) Berlin, Germany
Residence	Germany, United States
Citizenship	American, previously German
Fields	Physics
Alma mater	Max Planck Institute
Doctoral advisor	Werner Heisenberg
Known for	General relativity Nuclear rocket propulsion GPS

Friedwardt Winterberg (born June 12, 1929) is a German-American theoretical physicist and research professor at the University of Nevada, Reno. With more than 260 publications and three books, he is known for his research in areas spanning general relativity, Planck scale physics, nuclear fusion, and plasmas. His work in nuclear rocket propulsion earned him the 1979 Hermann Oberth Gold Medal of the Wernher von Braun International Space Flight Foundation and in 1981 a citation by the Nevada Legislature. He is also an honorary member of the German Aerospace Society Lilienthal-Oberth.

He is known for his proposal to put accurate atomic clocks on Earth-orbiting satellites in order to directly test General Relativity his fusion activism, his first proposal to experimentally test Elsasser's theory of the geodynamo, his defense of rocket scientist Arthur Rudolph, and his involvement in the Albert Einstein-David Hilbert priority dispute.

Biography

Winterberg was born in 1929 in Berlin, Germany. In 1953 he received his MSc from the University of Frankfurt working under Friedrich Hund, and in 1955 he received his PhD in physics from the Max Planck Institute, Göttingen, as a student of Werner Heisenberg. He later emigrated to the United States, and became a U.S. citizen.

Winterberg is well respected for his work in the fields of nuclear fusion and plasma physics, and Edward Teller has been quoted as saying that he had "perhaps not received the attention he deserves" for his work on fusion. He is an elected member of the Paris-based International Academy of Astronautics, in which he sat on the Committee of Interstellar Space Exploration. According to his faculty webpage, In 1954 he "made the first proposal to test general relativity with atomic clocks in earth satellites" and his thermonuclear microexplosion ignition concept was adopted by the British Interplanetary Society for their Project Daedalus Starship Study. His current research is on the "Planck Aether Hypothesis", "a novel theory that explains both quantum mechanics and the theory of relativity as asymptotic low energy approximations, and gives a spectrum of particles greatly resembling the standard model. Einstein's gravitational and Maxwell's electromagnetic equations are unified by the symmetric and antisymmetric wave mode of a vortex sponge, Dirac spinors result from gravitationally interacting bound positive-negative mass vortices, which explains why the mass of an electron is so much smaller than the Planck mass. The phenomenon of charge is for the first time explained to result from the zero point oscillations of Planck mass particles bound in vortex filaments." The theory proposes that the only free parameters in the fundamental equations of physics are the Planck length, mass, and time, and shows why R3 is the natural space, as SU2 is treated as the fundamental group isomorphic to SO3 — an alternative to string field theories in R10 and M theory in R11. It permits the value of the finestructure constant at the Planck length to be computed, and this value remarkably agrees with the empirical value. He has published extensively on many aspects of physics from the 1950s through the present. In 2008, Winterberg criticized string theory and pointed out the shortcomings of Einstein's general theory of relativity because of its inability to be reconciled with quantum mechanics at the Physical Interpretations of Relativity Theory conference and published his findings in Physics Essays.

Proposal for direct test of General Relativity

In a 1955 paper Winterberg proposed a test of General Relativity using accurate atomic clocks placed in orbit in artificial satellites. At that time atomic clocks were not yet of the required accuracy and artificial satellites did not exist. Werner Heisenberg wrote a letter to Winterberg in 1957 in which he said the idea sounded "very interesting". This idea was later experimentally verified by Hafele and Keating in 1971 by flying atomic clocks on commercial jets. The theoretical approach was the same as that used by Winterberg. Today atomic clocks and relativistic corrections are used in GPS and it is said GPS could not function without them.

Fusion activism

Friedwardt Winterberg
Courtesy NASA Marshall Space Flight Center and University of Alabama in Huntsville

Winterberg has published numerous articles in the area of inertial confinement fusion. In particular Winterberg is known for the idea of impact fusion and the concept of the magnetically insulated diode for the generation of multi-megampere megavolt ion beams for the purpose of heating plasmas to thermonuclear fusion temperatures. He conceived of a nuclear fusion propulsion reactor for space travel, which is called the Winterberg / Daedalus Class Magnetic Compression Reaction Chamber, which was later developed at the University of Alabama at Huntsville's Propulsion Research Center. Most recently he has designed a giant spacecraft, propelled with deuterium micro-detonations ignited by a GeV proton beam, drawn from the space craft acting as an electrically charged up and magnetically insulated capacitor Winterberg also developed ideas for mining increasingly rare industrially crucial elements on planetary bodies such as the moon using fusion detonation devices. He became involved with the idea of using beam weapons in outer space in the late 1970s while working at the Desert Research Institute.

According to Dennis King, Winterberg shared his ideas on beam weapons with the U.S. Air Force and he speculated on the subject in publications for the Fusion Energy Foundation (FEF), a part of the Lyndon LaRouche movement. The FEF published a book of Winterberg describing the design of the hydrogen bomb, with the hope of getting research in inertial confinement fusion declassified. According to King the FEF also funded speaking tours for Winterberg overseas, and he was quoted as saying, in 1980, that he thought LaRouche's U.S. presidential campaign was the "most scientifically founded". Winterberg also contributed articles and interviews to the FEF magazine, Fusion, and its successor magazine, 21st Century Science and Technology. He also participated in a 1985 conference jointly sponsored by the FEF and the Schiller Institute, speaking on the topic of X-ray lasers, the Strategic Defense Initiative, and intergalactic travel. The conference attracted a number of scientists interested in promoting fusion scientific research; Winterberg was never a member of any of LaRouche's political organisations.

On November 12, 2007, Winterberg addressed the American Physical Society Plasma Physics Convention in Orlando, Florida, encouraging efforts to achieve economically feasible fusion energy, and presenting his ideas for what direction the efforts should take. Winterberg stresses inertial confinement fusion.

Back in 1963, it was proposed by Winterberg that the ignition of thermonuclear micro-explosions, could be achieved by an intense beam of microparticles accelerated to a velocity of 1000 km/s. And in 1968, Winterberg proposed to use intense electron and ion beams, generated by Marx generators, for the same purpose. Most recently, Winterberg has proposed the ignition of a deuterium microexplosion, with a gigavolt super-Marx generator, which is a Marx Generator driven by up to 100 ordinary Marx generators.

Rudolph controversy

In 1983, Winterberg became involved in a scandal which erupted over the engineer Arthur Rudolph, who had been brought to the United States after World War II as part of Operation Paperclip to work on the U.S. rocketry program. It was Rudolph who then designed the massive famous Saturn V rocket that launched Neil Armstrong to the Moon. In the early 1980s, Rudolph's record as a potential Nazi war criminal at Mittelwerk surfaced and became the center of a political controversy after the Office of Special Investigations (OSI) negotiated to have him renounce his U.S. citizenship, purportedly under duress, after which he returned to Germany. After a thorough investigation by German authorities, it was decided there was no basis for prosecution and his German citizenship was restored. Rudolph pursued lawsuits hoping to regain his US citizenship and was barred entry to the US in 1989.

Winterberg, characterized by King as "Rudolph's most outspoken supporter", lobbied vigorously to paint Rudolph as a victim, giving interviews to magazines and launching his own investigation into Rudolph.

In 1992, Winterberg received documents from the post-unification German Federal Archives showing that in 1983 the OSI had requested information about Rudolph's role as a director of the German "Mittelwerke" rocket factory from 1943 to 1945 from the GDR. The GDR replied by passing on the results of its investigation.

Einstein-Hilbert dispute

Main article: Relativity priority dispute

Winterberg was also involved in a dispute relating to the history of general relativity in a controversy over the publication of the general relativity field equations (both Albert Einstein and David Hilbert had published them in a very short time span of one another). In 1997, Leo Corry, Jürgen Renn, and John Stachel published an article in Science entitled "Belated decision in the Hilbert-Einstein priority dispute", arguing that, after looking at the original proofs of the article by Hilbert, that they indicated that Hilbert had not anticipated Einstein's equations.

Winterberg published a refutation of these conclusions in 2004, observing that the galley proofs of Hilbert's articles had been tampered with — part of one page had been cut off. He argued that the removed part of the article contained the equations that Einstein later published and alleged that it was part of a "crude attempt by some unknown individual to falsify the historical record." He alleged that Science had refused to print the article and thus he was forced to publish it in Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. Winterberg's article argued that despite the missing part of the proofs, that the correct crucial Field Equation is still imbedded on other pages of the proofs, in various forms, including Hilbert's variational principle with correct Lagrangian from which the Field Equation is immediately derived. Winterberg presented his findings at the American Physical Society meeting in Tampa, Florida in April 2005.^{[citation needed]}

Corry, Renn, and Stachel authored a joint reply to Winterberg, which they claimed Zeitschrift für Naturforschung refused to publish without "unacceptable" modifications, and unable to find a publisher elsewhere, they made it available on the internet. The reply accused Winterberg of misrepresenting the reason why Science would not publish his paper (it had to do with the section of the journal it was scheduled to appear in), and also misrepresenting that the paper published in Zeitschrift für Naturforschung was the same paper he had submitted to Science, and had in fact been "substantially altered" after Winterberg had received their comments on an earlier draft. Actually, Winterberg in his Final Comment had clearly stated that the paper submitted to Science had been a previous version. They also contended that Winterberg was writing in "the paranoid style" (as discussed by Richard Hofstadter) and making vague accusations of conspiracy. They then argue that Winterberg's interpretation of the Hilbert paper was incorrect, that the lost part of the page was unlikely to have been consequential, and that much of Winterberg's reasoning about what could be in the missing piece was incorrect (down to noting Winterberg claims that 1/3 of the page was removed, when actually over half a page is missing total from the two cut off pages) and internally inconsistent. They further argued there was a likely "non-paranoid" explanation for the missing part of the page.

Later, the original reply to Winterberg was removed from their website and replaced with a much shorter statement saying only that Winterberg's conclusions were incorrect, specifically that he had focused on the missing page fragment, "a fact without any bearing on the matter at hand", while failing "to address the substantive difference between the theory expounded in the proofs" of Hilbert. The statement further said that Winterberg had apparently indicated that he was "personally offended" by the original response, the "Max Planck Institute for the History of Science has decided to replace the original, more detailed response to his paper with this abbreviated version". This was, apparently, because the original reply had contained two very derisive statements against Professor Winterberg; later, the Max Planck Society released a note distancing itself from those two statements, without commenting on the underlying scientific dispute.

More recently, Winterberg has written an article saying that the general theory of relativity has not been definitively tested but nevertheless constitutes the basis of Einstein's notoriety, which he refers to as the "Einstein myth".

References

• Corry, L., Renn, J., and Stachel, J.; "Belated Decision in the Hilbert-Einstein Priority Dispute," Science 278 (1997): pp. 1270–1274. Abstract
• Corry, L., Renn, J., and Stachel, J.; "Response to F. Winterberg, 'On "Belated Decision in the Hilbert-Einstein Priority Dispute", published by L. Corry, J. Renn, and J. Stachel' Z. Naturforsch. 59a (2004) 715-719." (n.d.) Available online through the Internet Archive via this link at the Wayback Machine. Accessed February 15, 2006.
• Corry, L., Renn, J., and Stachel, J.; "Short Statement in Response to Friedrich Winterberg." (n.d.) Available online at MPG.de, Accessed February 15, 2006.
• Franklin, Thomas. "An American in Exile: The Story of Arthur Rudolph." Christopher Kaylor Co. ISBN 0-916039-04-8.
• Kurowski, Franz ; Raketenpionier Arthur Rudolph Vowinckel-Verlag KG, 2001. ISBN 3-921655-94-3.
• Logunov, A.A. et al., Division of Theoretical Physics, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russian Federation, arXiv:physics/0405075, 16 June 2004.
• Todorov, Ivan T., Einstein and Hilbert: The Creation of General Relativity, Institut fuer Theoretische Physik Universitaet Goettingen, arXiv:physics/0504179, 25 April 2005.
• King, Dennis; Lyndon LaRouche and the New American Fascism. New York: Doubleday, 1989. ISBN 0-385-23880-0.
• LaRouche, Jr., Lyndon H.; The Power of Reason, 1988: An Autobiography. Washington, D.C.: Executive Intelligence Review, 1987.
• Matloff, Gregory L., "Deep Space Probes." Springer Praxis 2nd edition, 2005. ISBN 978-3-540-24772-2.
• Morland, Howard; The Secret That Exploded. New York: Random House, 1981. ISBN 0-394-51297-9.
• Randall, Lisa; Warped Passages: Unraveling the Mysteries of the Universe's Hidden Dimensions. Harper Perennial; Eighth Printing edition (September 19, 2006). ISBN 978-0-06-053109-6
• Winterberg, Friedwardt. The Physical Principles of Thermonuclear Explosive Devices. New York: Fusion Energy Foundation, 1981. ISBN 0-938460-00-5.
• Winterberg, Friedwardt; "On 'Belated Decision in the Hilbert-Einstein Priority Dispute', published by L. Corry, J. Renn, and J. Stachel," Z. Naturforsch. 59a (2004): pp. 715–719. Available online at UNR.edu
• Winterberg, Friedwardt; The Planck Aether Hypothesis: An Attempt for a Finitistic Non-Archimedean Theory of Elementary Particles, C.F. Gauss Academy of Science Press (January 1, 2002). ISBN 0-9718811-0-3.
• University of Nevada, Reno, Department of Physics faculty page, "Friedwardt Winterberg", available online at UNR.edu, accessed February 15, 2006.
• 21st Century Science and Technology, "Interview with Prof. Friedwardt Winterberg: A Revolutionary Concept for Fusion Energy," 16:3 (Fall 2003). Available online at 21stCenturysciencetech.com, Accessed February 15, 2006.
• Winterberg, Friedwardt; Experimental Test for the Dynamo Theory of Earth and Stellar Magnetism, Phys. Rev., 131, 29 (1963).
• Winterstein, Lt. Col. William E. ; Secrets of the Space Age Robert D. Reed Publishers, 2005. ISBN 1-931741-49-2.
• Winterstein, Lt. Col. William E. ; Gestapo USA Robert D. Reed Publishers, 2002. ISBN 1-931741-13-1.

External links

• Winterberg's faculty page at the University of Nevada, Reno.
• A site dedicated to Prof. Friedwardt Winterberg. There are biography, list of published papers, links, photos, etc.