Frodsham

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This article is about the town in Cheshire. For people called Frodsham, see Frodsham (surname).

Coordinates: 53°17′42″N 2°43′30″W / 53.295°N 2.725°W / 53.295; -2.725

Frodsham
Frodsham-hill-cropped.jpg
Frodsham from Overton/Frodsham Hill
Frodsham is located in Cheshire
Frodsham

 Frodsham shown within Cheshire
Population 8,982 (2001)
OS grid reference SJ520775
Civil parish Frodsham
Unitary authority Cheshire West and Chester
Ceremonial county Cheshire
Region North West
Country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town FRODSHAM
Postcode district WA6
Dialling code 01928
Police Cheshire
Fire Cheshire
Ambulance North West
EU Parliament North West England
UK Parliament Weaver Vale
List of places: UK • England • Cheshire

Frodsham is a market town and civil parish in the unitary authority of Cheshire West and Chester and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. Its population is 8,982.[1] It is approximately 3 miles (5 km) south of Runcorn, 16 miles (26 km) south of Liverpool, and approximately 28 miles (45 km) south-west of Manchester. The River Weaver runs to its north east and on the west it overlooks the estuary of the River Mersey. The A56 road and the Chester-Manchester railway line pass through the town, and the M56 motorway passes to the north west.

In medieval times Frodsham was an important borough and port belonging to the Earls of Chester[citation needed] Its parish church, St. Laurence's, still exhibits evidence of a building present in the 12th century in its nave[citation needed] and is referenced in the Domesday Book.

A market is held each Thursday, and Frodsham's viability as a trading centre is emphasised by the presence of the "big four" clearing banks and several building societies. Development in the town's shops and premises with alcohol licences is evident through the recent (post-2002) opening or modernisation of contemporary-style bar/restaurants, take-away food shops and public houses, and in the continued presence of small, specialised, businesses operating from town centre shops.

Contents

[edit] History

[edit] Etymology

The etymology of Frodsham's name is not entirely clear. A literal translation of the Old English would give personal name of Frod or an old spelling of Ford, and ham which means a village or homestead; hence Frod's village or the Village on the Ford (Ford-ham). However, an alternative, more obscure etymology exists which suggests the name means "promontory into marsh", which would make sense considering that Frodsham had a promontory castle very close to marshland. Frodsham is unique as the name of a settlement in the British Isles.[2][3] Earlier spellings of the name have included Fradsham, Frandsham, Frodisham, Ffradsam and Ffradsham.[4]

[edit] Early history

Frodsham Hill is the location of an Iron Age promontory fort, the outline of which can still be seen.[5]

The town is of Saxon origin; its 11th-century church is mentioned in the Domesday Book. Frodsham was an important manor of the medieval Earls of Chester and was created a borough in the early 13th century, probably by Earl Ranulf III. The mouth of the River Weaver, where it joins the Mersey, made Frodsham into a significant port for the coasting trade, particularly for the export of Cheshire salt, brought down the river from Northwich and Nantwich. The site of the manor house was in Castle Park; the building was of stone and was fortified. In an account of 1315 it is called 'castellum' (little castle), although 'manerium' (manor house) was the usual designation.

[edit] Recent history

Frodsham was the headquarters of Runcorn Rural District Council. In 1974 the district was split between Halton Borough Council, Warrington Borough Council and Vale Royal District Council (latterly Vale Royal Borough Council). In the early 1990s Vale Royal Borough Council opened a new purpose-built headquarters in Winsford. At the same time, its offices in Hartford near Northwich (the former headquarters of Northwich Rural District Council) and at Castle Park in Frodsham (the former headquarters of Runcorn Rural District Council) became downgraded.

Castle Park House had a major refurbishment in 2005–06 and now operates as a "one-stop shop" for Cheshire West and Chester Council providing a number of services for the community and for businesses.

Frodsham Castle Park Arts Centre (photo: Neil Kennedy)

In 1992 the parish council became Frodsham Town Council and Frodsham was no longer a village. The chair of the parish council became the mayor of Frodsham. The majority of powers were held by Cheshire County Council and Vale Royal Borough Council who were replaced by Cheshire West and Chester Council on 1 April 2009.

Frodsham was home to Frodsham School, a science and technology college, which closed in July 2009 due to the falling birth rate and amalgamated with Helsby High School. The site is to be redeveloped and will provide a new health centre for the town.

Frodsham, like the neighbouring village Helsby, has a hill overlooking the Mersey Estuary which is popular with dog walkers and naturalists.

Frodsham Hill, overlooking Frodsham and the Liverpool skyline, is a large sandstone hill, home to many farms, prestige homes and the Mersey View nightclub (commonly known as 'the View') and Forest Hills Hotel. Before the construction of the hotel and nightclub, famously hosting one of the Beatles first appearances, the site was home to a very large helter skelter.

The Frodsham Caves are found in the sandstone foundations of Frodsham Hill.

[edit] Geography

Map of civil parish of Frodsham within the former borough of Vale Royal

Frodsham sits beneath the imposing wooded escarpment of Beacon Hill, which is also known locally as Frodsham Hill or Overton Hill and whose top attains a height of just over 500 feet (152 m). The hill forms the northern end of the Mid-Cheshire Ridge, a range of sandstone hills that extends southwards to Delamere Forest and Tarporley. The northern boundaries of the modern parish are defined by the River Weaver (canalised in part as the Weaver Navigation) and the inner Mersey Estuary into which it flows. The Manchester Ship Canal runs parallel to the Mersey along the northern edge of the low-lying ground of Frodsham Marsh and Lordship Marsh, which themselves extend south and east to the built-up area of Frodsham.

The town is centred on the junction of the A56, the main thoroughfare between Chester and Warrington, with the B5152 road, which runs southeast to connect with Kingsley, Northwich and Tarporley in the centre of the county. The Chester–Manchester railway line passes through the town whilst the M56 motorway runs parallel to the road and railway along the southeastern edge of the marsh. The formerly separate settlements of Netherton and Overton form the southern districts of the town whilst the easternmost section towards Frodsham Bridge is known as Newtown.[6]

[edit] Geology

The parish, like most in Cheshire, is underlain by a suite of sedimentary rocks, which date from the Triassic Period. They comprise (in ascending order) the Lower Triassic age Kinnerton Sandstone, Chester Pebble Beds and Wilmslow Sandstone Formations together with the upper Triassic age Helsby Sandstone, Tarporley Siltstone and Sidmouth Mudstone Formations. Those formations up to and including the Helsby Sandstone Formation are assigned to the Sherwood Sandstone Group. It is this formation whose relatively hard-wearing sandstones form the higher ground of Beacon Hill, Woodhouse Hill and Harrol Edge. The younger siltstones and mudstones are assigned to the Mercia Mudstone Group.[7] The sequence of sandstones is exposed in a railway cutting and two road cuttings, which are designated as an earth sciences Site of Special Scientific Interest.[8][9]

Several faults run roughly northwest–southeast through the area, notably the Overton Fault, which roughly parallels the B5439 and B5152 roads, and the Frodsham Fault, which runs north from the vicinity of Crowmere to the mouth of the River Weaver. Both of these faults and others in the area downthrow to the east. Movement on them is thought to have taken place in the Tertiary period. The uplift resulted in trapping the water table at an elevation of around 200 feet (61 m) at which level springs developed.[10]

Overlying the bedrock are a variety of superficial deposits (otherwise known as drift). These comprise a thin and patchy cover of glacial till (or 'boulder clay'), largely a legacy of the last ice age, together with spreads of glacio-fluvial sand and gravel, a product of the eventual deglaciation of the area. Recent alluvium fills the deeply incised valley of the Weaver and also extends across the Marsh to the Mersey Estuary.[7][11]

[edit] Climate

Being close to the west coast and the Irish Sea, the climate is generally temperate with few extremes of temperature or weather. The mean average temperature in the years 1971 to 2000 was 9.4 to 9.7°C, slightly above the average for the United Kingdom[12] as was the average amount of annual sunshine at 1391 to 1470 hours.[13] The average annual rainfall was 741 to 870 mm, slightly below the average for the UK.[14] The average number of days in the year when snow is on the ground is 0 to 6, which is low for the United Kingdom.[15] The average number of days of air frost is 2 to 39, which is also low.[16]

[edit] Transport

There is a railway station in Frodsham which is managed by Arriva Trains Wales.[17] Arriva Trains Wales run an hourly service through the station between Manchester Piccadilly and Llandudno via Chester. There are also infrequent services by Northern Rail between Ellesmere Port and Liverpool Lime Street via Warrington Bank Quay.[18] Bus services are available to Chester, Runcorn, Ellesmere Port, Hatchmere (adjacent to Delamere Forest) and to Northwich.[19] Frodsham is 8 miles (13 km) from Liverpool John Lennon Airport and 21 miles (34 km) from Manchester Airport.

[edit] Education

There are four primary schools in Frodsham, namely Frodsham Manor House Primary School, St Luke's Catholic Primary School, Frodsham Church of England Primary School and Frodsham Weaver Vale Primary School.[20] The only secondary school in the town, Frodsham School, a science and technology college, has now closed[21] and is due to be converted into a health clinic and leisure centre.[22]

St Laurence, Frodsham

[edit] Religion

There is one Anglican church in Frodsham, St Laurence's in Church Road, Overton. Frodsham Methodist Church is on Kingsley Road, also just outside the centre of Frodsham in the Five Crosses area of the town. The town has, in the past, had a number of Methodist churches. Most recent to close were Trinity Wesleyan Chapel and Bourne Primitive Chapel. The Roman Catholic church is St. Luke's in High Street. There are two Evangelical chapels, Main Street Chapel and King's Church on Chester Road.[23]

[edit] Local government arrangements

Frodsham lies within the administrative area of the newly (1 April 2009) created Cheshire West and Chester Council. Two councillors are elected from the Frodsham ward to serve on that Council. The Frodsham ward has the same boundaries as the Town's own parish boundaries. The current Councillors are Cllr Andrew Dawson and Cllr Lynn Riley, both Conservatives, who were both elected to serve a four-year term of office in May 2011.

Frodsham Town Council is the local council or parish council for Frodsham. This council is made up of sixteen councillors, one of whom serves as Town Mayor each year. These councillors are elected from one of four parish wards conveniently called Frodsham North, Frodsham South, Frodsham East and Frodsham West. Four Councillors are elected from both the North and South wards, five from East and three from the West ward. These Town Councillors are elected to serve four year terms of office, the most recent elections being in May 2011. If any vacancy occurs during the four-year term 10 local parishioners from the relevant ward can require a by-election to be held, otherwise the other Town Councillors can co-opt an eligible person to be a Councillor. The last by-election occurred in August 2011 in South ward. The last co-option occurred in September 2011 in North ward. All sixteen places are currently filled, primarily by councillors who are not members of any political party but who campaigned together with the common manifesto of putting 'Frodsham First'. The Councillors are: [24] for Frodsham North; Deputy Mayor Cllr Rita Shearn (Frod First), Cllr Frank Pennington (Frod First), Cllr Pammi Taylor (Ind), Cllr Allen Wales (Ind); for Frodsham South; Cllr Lynn Riley (Con), Cllr Sara Wakefield (Con), Cllr Fran Sutton (Frod First), Cllr Carol Davis (Con); for Frodsham East; Town Mayor Cllr Andrew Dawson (Con), Cllr Linda Brown (Frod First, Cllr Mark Warren (Frod First), Cllr Ruth Redhead (Frod First), Cllr Graham Bondi (Ind); for Frodsham West; Cllr Darren Kelly (Frod First), Cllr Kyle McGregor (Lab), Cllr John Nield (Frod First).

The then Frodsham parish council resolved to style itself a town in 1992. Since then the chairman of the council has served as the Town Mayor. The following lcouncillors have served as the Mayor of Frodsham Frank Pennington 1992–3; Brian Lloyd 1993–4; 2010–11; Margaret Blythe 1994–5; Christine Lloyd 1995–6; Mike Pusey 1996–7; Graham Bondi 1997–8; 2003–4; Barry Honeyford 1998–9; Dave Thompson 1999–2000; Nigel Griffiths 2000–1; 2005–6; Maureen Turner 2001–2; 2004–5; Dennis Taylor 2002–3: 2006–7; John Maddock 2007–8; Pammi Taylor 2008–9; Geoff Bath 2009–10; Andrew Dawson 2011–present. [25]

[edit] Notable people

[edit] See also

[edit] References

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Vale Royal. Retrieved 2009-12-15.
  2. ^ The exact quote in Latham page 14 reads: "Frodsham is unique in the British Isles in that the name does not occur anywhere else."
  3. ^ Though a nearby township was referred to during the period of the ancient parishes of Cheshire as "Newton by Frodsham", its current name is now just "Newton". See Dunn, F. I. (1987). page 27. which states that, at the time. the Newton township near to Frodsham was referred to as "Newton by Frodsham". Furthermore, see Ordnance Survey (2004), which refers to the modern settlement which was Newton by Frodsham township just as "Newton" without any Frodsham component: SJ531751
  4. ^ Latham 1987, p. 14.
  5. ^ Monument no. 71527, Pastscape, http://pastscape.english-heritage.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=71527, retrieved 6 May 2009 
  6. ^ Ordnance Survey, Explorer map sheet 267
  7. ^ a b Phillips and Phillips 2002, pp. 4–5.
  8. ^ Natural England: Frodsham Railway And Road Cuttings . Retrieved 16 April 2010.
  9. ^ Natural England: Nature on the Map: Frodsham Railway & Road Cuttings SSSI . Retrieved 16 April 2010.
  10. ^ Dodd 1987, p. 4.
  11. ^ British Geological Survey 1:50K map sheet 97, 'Runcorn'
  12. ^ Mean Temperature: Annual Average 1971–2000, Met Office, http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19712000/tmean/17.gif, retrieved 2007-05-22 
  13. ^ Sunshine Duration: Annual Average 1971–2000, Met Office, http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19712000/ss/17.gif, retrieved 2007-05-22 
  14. ^ Rainfall Amount: Annual Average 1971–2000, Met Office, http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19712000/rr/17.gif, retrieved 2007-05-22 
  15. ^ Days of Snow Lying: Annual Average 1971–2000, Met Office, http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19712000/dl/17.gif, retrieved 2007-05-22 
  16. ^ Days of Air Frost: Annual Average 1971–2000, Met Office, http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19712000/daf/17.gif, retrieved 2007-05-22 
  17. ^ Station Facilities: Frodsham (FRD), National Rail Enquiries, http://www.nationalrail.co.uk/stations/FRD.html#Passenger_Services, retrieved 2007-05-17 
  18. ^ (PDF) Timetable, Arriva Trains Wales, http://www.arrivatrainswales.co.uk/WorkArea/showcontent.aspx?id=2278, retrieved 2007-05-17 
  19. ^ Bus Service Timetables, Cheshire West and Chester, http://www.cheshirewestandchester.gov.uk/transport_and_roads/public_transport/timetables_and_maps/bus_service_timetables.aspx, retrieved 7 July 2010 
  20. ^ Schools in the Vale Royal area, Vale Royal Borough Council, http://www2.valeroyal.gov.uk/internet/vr.nsf/AllByUniqueIdentifier/DOC6D463C558850562580257051004E4DF1, retrieved 2007-05-17 
  21. ^ Ellams, Barry (16 July 2009), "Frodsham High School to close on Friday", Chester Chronicle (Trinity Mirror North West & North Wales), http://www.chesterchronicle.co.uk/chester-news/local-chester-news/2009/07/16/frodsham-high-school-to-close-on-friday-59067-24163604/, retrieved 7 July 2010 
  22. ^ Edwards, Rebecca (12 September 2008), "Time to have a say on new health centre", Chester Chronicle (Trinity Mirror North West & North Wales), http://www.chesterchronicle.co.uk/chester-news/local-chester-news/2008/09/12/time-to-have-a-say-on-new-health-centre-59067-21800637/, retrieved 7 July 2010 
  23. ^ Churches in Frodsham, Frodsham Churches Together, http://frodshamchurchestogether.org.uk/churches.html, retrieved 2007-05-17 
  24. ^ www.frodsham.gov.uk
  25. ^ www.frodsham.gov.uk
  26. ^ Smith, Arthur R. (2006), William Charles Cotton MA: Priest, Missionary and Bee Master, Birkenhead: Countyvise, ISBN 978 1901231 81 X 
  27. ^ Cottam, Rachel (2004) 'Weaver, Harriet Shaw (1876-1961), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, [1] Retrieved on 9 March 2007
  28. ^ Why you should move to Frodsham, Archant Life Limited, http://www.cheshirelife.co.uk/main-menu-cheshire-property,-places-and-interiors-why-you-should-move-to-frodsham--1699, retrieved 2008-10-07 
  29. ^ "Patrick Larley: Biography", Patrick Larley (www.patricklarley.com), http://www.patricklarley.com/biography/biography.html, retrieved 2008-06-11 
  30. ^ Garfield, Simon (2003-03-30), "High society", The Observer (London: Guardian News and Media Limited), http://observer.guardian.co.uk/magazine/story/0,,925452,00.html, retrieved 2008-10-07 
  31. ^ BBC Profile of Paul Marsden
  32. ^ The Guardian Leader 23/10/01
  33. ^ Gary Barlow: Official website, www.garybarlow.com, http://www.garybarlow.com, retrieved 2008-10-02  (One needs to choose the biography section after the animated introduction finishes.)
  34. ^ Herbert, Ian (2005-05-19), The Independent: Football's lord of the manor bans hunting on his nine acres, London: Independent News and Media Limited, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/footballs-lord-of-the-manor-bans-hunting-on-his-nine-acres-491233.html, retrieved 2008-10-06 
  35. ^ Daniel Craig (I) - Biography

[edit] Bibliography

  • Dodd, J. Phillip (1987), A History of Frodsham and Helsby, Frodsham: J. Phillip Dodd 
  • Dunn, F. I. (1987), The ancient parishes, townships and chapelries of Cheshire, Chester: Cheshire Record Office and Cheshire Diocesan Record Office, ISBN 0906758149 
  • Latham, F. A. (ed.) (1987), Frodsham, Frodsham: Local Historians, ISBN 0901993069 
  • Ordnance Survey. (2004). Northwich and Delamere Forest, Winsford and Middlewich. (1:25000 scale map). Southampton United Kingdom: Ordnance Survey. ISBN 031923567X.
  • Phillips, A.D.M.; Phillips, C.B. (2002), A New Historical Atlas of Cheshire, Chester: Cheshire County Council, ISBN 0904532461 

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