Frogfish
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 Striated frogfish, Antennarius striatus
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Allenichthys |
Frogfishes, family Antennariidae, are a type of anglerfish in the order Lophiiformes. They are known as anglerfishes in Australia, as 'frogfish' actually refers to a different type of fish there. Frogfishes are found in almost all tropical and subtropical oceans and seas around the world, the primary exception being the Mediterranean Sea.[1]
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[edit] Description
They are generally small fish, less than 10–20 cm (3.9–7.9 in) in length, with large globose heads. They can be distinguished from other anglerfish by the three extended dorsal fin spines on their heads. The first dorsal spine is modified as a fishing lure to attract prey. The lure consists of the illicium (the spine) and the esca (the bait), and may resemble a worm, crustacean, or small fish. Frogfishes do not swim in the conventional way; instead, they "walk" on their pectoral fins or use 'jet propulsion' (forcefully expelling water from the small opercular opening generally behind and below the pectoral fins).[2]
They are mostly bottom-dwelling fish, typically living amongst coral, at up to 100 metres (330 ft) depth, where they lie in wait for prey. They are able to change their colour to match the background with high precision, and their camouflage is further aided by numerous warts and filaments on their skin, giving them an appearance similar to rough coral.[2]
The Sargassum fish, Histrio histrio, is unique among frogfish in that it is endemic to and clings on floating Sargassum weed.[3]
[edit] Species
There are 45 species in twelve genera:
- Genus Allenichthys
- Glauert's anglerfish, Allenichthys glauerti (Whitley, 1944).
- Genus Antennarius
- Tail-jet frogfish, Antennarius analis (Schultz, 1957).
- Roughbar frogfish, Antennarius avalonis Jordan & Starks, 1907.
- Island frogfish, Antennarius bermudensis Schultz, 1957.
- Brackishwater frogfish, Antennarius biocellatus (Cuvier, 1817).
- Scarlet frogfish, Antennarius coccineus (Lesson, 1831).
- Commerson's frogfish, Antennarius commerson (Latreille, 1804).
- New Guinean frogfish, Antennarius dorehensis Bleeker, 1859.
- Side-jet frogfish, Antennarius duescus Snyder, 1904.
- Shaggy angler, Antennarius hispidus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801).
- Indian frogfish, Antennarius indicus Schultz, 1964.
- Warty frogfish, Antennarius maculatus (Desjardins, 1840).
- Longlure frogfish, Antennarius multiocellatus (Valenciennes, 1837).
- Spotfin frogfish, Antennarius nummifer (Cuvier, 1817).
- Ocellated frogfish, Antennarius ocellatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801).
- Antennarius pardalis (Valenciennes, 1837).
- Dwarf frogfish, Antennarius pauciradiatus Schultz, 1957.
- Painted frogfish, Antennarius pictus (Valenciennes, 1837).
- Singlespot frogfish, Antennarius radiosus Garman, 1896.
- Randall's frogfish, Antennarius randalli Allen, 1970.
- Spiny-tufted frogfish, Antennarius rosaceus Smith & Radcliffe, 1912.
- Bloody frogfish, Antennarius sanguineus Gill, 1863.
- Calico frogfish, Antennarius sarasa Tanaka, 1916.
- Antennarius scriptissimus Jordan, 1902.
- Senegalese frogfish, Antennarius senegalensis Cadenat, 1959.
- Striated frogfish, Antennarius striatus (Shaw, 1794).
- Genus Antennatus
- Antennatus flagellatious Ohnishi, Iwata & Hiramatsu, 1997.
- Antennatus linearis Randall & Holcom, 2001.
- Bandtail frogfish, Antennatus strigatus (Gill, 1863).
- Tuberculated frogfish, Antennatus tuberosus (Cuvier, 1817).
- Genus Echinophryne
- Prickly anglerfish, Echinophryne crassispina McCulloch & Waite, 1918.
- Long-spined anglerfish, Echinophryne mitchellii (Morton, 1897).
- Echinophryne reynoldsi Pietsch & Kuiter, 1984.
- Genus Histiophryne (Gill, 1863)
- Histiophryne bougainvilli (Valenciennes, 1837).
- Cryptic anglerfish, Histiophryne cryptacanthus (Weber, 1913).
- Histiophryne psychedelica (Pietsch, 2009)[4][5][6][7][8]
- Genus Histrio
- Sargassumfish, Histrio histrio (Linnaeus, 1758).
- Genus Kuiterichthys
- Rough anglerfish, Kuiterichthys furcipilis (Cuvier, 1817).
- Genus Lophiocharon
- Marble-mouthed frogfish, Lophiocharon lithinostomus (Jordan & Richardson, 1908).
- Three-spot frogfish, Lophiocharon trisignatus (Richardson, 1844).
- Lophiocharon hutchinsi (TW Pietsch, 2004)
- Genus Nudiantennarius
- Deepwater frogfish, Nudiantennarius subteres (Smith & Radcliffe, 1912).
- Genus Phyllophryne
- Smooth anglerfish, Phyllophryne scortea (McCulloch & Waite, 1918).
- Genus Rhycherus
- Tasselled anglerfish, Rhycherus filamentosus (Castelnau, 1872).
- Rhycherus gloveri Pietsch, 1984.
- Genus Tathicarpus
[edit] Gallery
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This section looks like an image gallery. Wikipedia policy discourages galleries of random images of the article subject; please edit the section in accordance with the policy, moving freely licensed images to Wikimedia Commons if they are not already hosted there. |
 Striated frogfish, Antennarius striatus |
 Ocellated frogfish, Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles, Antennarius ocellatus. |
 Red Ocellated frogfish, St. Kitts. Antennarius ocellatus. |
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 Long-lure frogfish, Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles, Antennarius multiocellatus. |
 Ocellated frogfish, Antennarius ocellatus |
 Sargassumfish, Histrio histrio |
 Painted frogfish, Antennarius pictus |
[edit] External links
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Look up frogfish in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
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Wikispecies has information related to: Antennariidae |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Antennariidae |
- Tree of Life - Antennariidae
- Frogfishes in Fishbase
- Website only about Frogfishes (Anglerfishes)
- Antennariidae photo gallery from Bali
[edit] References
- ^ "Antennariidae". FishBase. Ed. Rainer Froese and Daniel Pauly. February 2006 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2006.
- ^ a b Bertelsen, E. & Pietsch, T.W. (1998). Paxton, J.R. & Eschmeyer, W.N.. ed. Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 138-139. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
- ^ Theodore W. Pietsch (2005). "Antennariidae". Tree of Life web project. http://tolweb.org/Antennariidae/21993. Retrieved on 4 April 2006.
- ^ Robin McDowell, Associated Press (2009-02-26). "Indonesia's psychedelic fish named a new species". Jakarta, Indonesia: Associated Press. http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/A/AS_INDONESIA_FUNKY_FISH. Retrieved on 2009-02-26.
- ^ Jennifer Viegas (2009-02-25). "Psychedelic Fish Crawls With 'Legs'". Discovery Blogs: Born Animal. Discovery. http://blogs.discovery.com/news_animal/2009/02/psychedelic-fish-crawls-with-legs.html. Retrieved on 2009-02-26.
- ^ Sandra Hines, <shines@u.washington.edu> (2009-02-24). "DNA evidence is in, newly discovered species of fish dubbed H. psychedelica". University of Washington News, http://uwnews.org. http://uwnews.org/article.asp?articleID=47496. Retrieved on 2009-02-27.
- ^ Lucy Williamson, BBC News, Jakarta (2009-02-27). "Psychedelic fish 'is new species'". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7914121.stm. Retrieved on 2009-02-27.
- ^ Theodore W. Pietsch, Rachel J. Arnold, and David J. Hall (2008-10-17 (submitted 2008-08-01)). "[http://www.finsonline.com/podcasts/pdfs/2009/psychedelica.pdf A Bizarre New Species of Frogfish of the Genus Histiophryne (Lophiiformes: Antennariidae) from Ambon and Bali, Indonesia]". School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Campus Box 355020, Seattle, Washington 98195; E-mail: (TWP) twp@u.washington.edu; and (RJA) schoenrj@u.washington.edu. Copeia (2009, No. 1, 37–45). http://www.finsonline.com/podcasts/pdfs/2009/psychedelica.pdf. Retrieved on 2009-02-27.
- Pietsch and Grobecker, 1987. Frogfishes of the World. Stanford University Press.
