GDF15
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a protein belonging to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily that has a role in regulating inflammatory and apoptotic pathways in injured tissues and during disease processes.[1] GDF15 is also known as TGF-PL, MIC-1, PDF, PLAB, and PTGFB.[2] GDF15 mRNA is most abundant in the liver, with lower levels seen in some other tissues. Its expression in liver can be significantly up-regulated in during injury of organs such as liver, kidney, heart and lung.[1][2][3]
[edit] References
- ^ a b Zimmers T, Jin X, Hsiao E, McGrath S, Esquela A, Koniaris L (2005). "Growth differentiation factor-15/macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 induction after kidney and lung injury". Shock 23 (6): 543–8. PMID 15897808.
- ^ a b Hsiao E, Koniaris L, Zimmers-Koniaris T, Sebald S, Huynh T, Lee S (2000). "Characterization of growth-differentiation factor 15, a transforming growth factor beta superfamily member induced following liver injury". Mol Cell Biol 20 (10): 3742–3751. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.10.3742-3751.2000. PMC 85678. PMID 10779363. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=85678.
- ^ Ago T, Sadoshima J (2006). "GDF15, a cardioprotective TGF-beta superfamily protein". Circ Res 98 (3): 294–297. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000207919.83894.9d. PMID 16484622.
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| TGF beta superfamily of ligands |
TGF beta family (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3)
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP2, BMP3, BMP4, BMP5, BMP6, BMP7, BMP8a, BMP8b, BMP10 , BMP15)
Growth differentiation factors (GDF1, GDF2, GDF3, GDF5, GDF6, GDF7, Myostatin/GDF8, GDF9, GDF10, GDF11, GDF15)
Other ( Activin and inhibin, Anti-müllerian hormone, Nodal)
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TGF beta receptors
(Activin, BMP) |
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| Transducers/SMAD |
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| Coreceptors |
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| Other |
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B trdu: iter (nrpl/grfl/cytl/horl), csrc (lgic, enzr, gprc, igsr, intg, nrpr/grfr/cytr), itra (adap, gbpr, mapk), calc, lipd; path (hedp, wntp, tgfp+mapp, notp, jakp, fsap, hipp, tlrp)
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