Gaddang language
| Gaddang | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spoken in | Philippines | |||
| Region | Luzon | |||
| Native speakers | 30,000 (date missing) | |||
| Language family | ||||
| Language codes | ||||
| ISO 639-3 | gad | |||
|
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The Gaddang language (also Gaddang or Cagayan) is spoken by up to 30,000 speakers (the Gaddang people) in the Philippines, in the northeastern provinces of Nueva Vizcaya and Isabela and by overseas immigrants in countries located Asia, Australia, Canada, Europe, in the Middle East, UK and the U.S.A.. Most of the speakers can also speak Ilocano, the lingua franca of Northern Luzon. Gaddang is derived from . It is closely related to Ibanag, Itawis, Agta, Atta, Yogad, Isneg and Malaweg.
Contents |
[edit] Sounds
[edit] Vowels
[edit] Consonants
[edit] Phonology
Gaddang is also one of the Philippine languages which is excluded from [ɾ]-[d] allophone.
[edit] Grammar
[edit] Nouns
| English | Gaddang | Tagalog |
|---|---|---|
| house | balai | bahay |
| girl | bafay | babae |
| boy | lalaki | lalaki |
| snake | irao | ahas |
| person | tolay | tao |
| water | danum | tubig |
| plate | duyug | plato |
| light | siruat | ilaw |
| name | ngan | pangalan |
| bird | pappitut | ibon |
| pig | bafuy | baboy |
| carabao | daffug | kalabaw |
| key | alladdu | susi |
| road | dalan | daan |
| stomach | kuyung | tiyan |
| slipper | sinelyat | tsinelas |
| food | maac-can | pagkain |
| rice cake | dekat | kakanin |
| mother | ina | ina |
| father | ama | ama |
| brother | wayi, manung (pollito) | kapatid, kuya (pollito) |
| sister | wayi a bafay, manang (pollito) | kapatid, ate (pollito) |
| sibling | wayi | kapatid |
[edit] Personal Pronouns
- I - Iccanak
- You - Icca
- He, She, It - Baggina
- We (exclusive) - Iccami
- We (inclusive) - Iccanetam
- You (plural/polite) - Iccayu
- They - Ira
- sibling - wayi/anak
[edit] Demonstrative Pronouns
- Yao - This
- Nay - That
- Sitao - Here
- Sitan - There
- Sinay - Over there
[edit] Enclitic Particles
[edit] Existential
[edit] Interrogative Words
- what, who - nenay. (nenay ka? who are you? nenay yan? what is that?)
- why - saay
- where - sintaw
- where is - ope
- how - kasan-nu (??? this word is iluko)
- how much - pigya
[edit] Structure
The Gaddang language is distinct in that it features phonemes that are not present in many other neighboring Philippine languages. It is related to Ibanag, Itawis, Malaueg and others. As an example the "f","v","z" and "j" sounds.
- rice, - pig, - goat, or - maid.
In addition to this, Gaddang also features doubled consonants. Therefore making the language sound "hard" or guttural. For example: tudda (tood-duh) which means rice.
This is an example of a Gaddang proverb:
Inaccan na lammag ca.
Translated:
"eaten by alligator" ha,ha!
[edit] Examples
[edit] Simple greetings/questions/phrases
- Good morning - macasta a daddaramat.
- Good afternoon - macasta a fuwab.
- Good evening/night - macasta a gaffi.
- How are you? - Manantaw ka?
- I'm good and you? Mappia ac pay, icca ay?
- I'm just fine thank god - mappia ak pay, mabbalat si dios ay.
- Thank you - mabbalat sicuam.
- Where are you going? - Sintaw yo angan nu?
- I'm going to...Umang ngac ci......
- What are you doing? -hanna angwa-angwan nu?
- Oh, Nothing in particular. - e awan lamang.
- Please come in. - Makigumallak ac, umunag ca.
- happy birthday - maka yoan ka??
- we visit our grandfather - binisitan mi e lolo. OR bisitan mi e lolo.
- Are we good grandfather? - husta eta lolo ? OR mapia eta lolo ?
- Who are you? - cinno ka?
- Dodge that ball! - aroyuan nu yo bolla!! :)
- Why are you crying? - Saay a mattangit ca?
- Are there lots of people here? - Addu (yao) tolay sitao?
- Are you sleepy? - Sikkaturug kan?
- I don't want to sleep yet. - Ammec kepay gustu (a) makkaturug.
[edit] Numbers
- 0- awan
- 1- tata
- 2- addua
- 3- tallu
- 4- appat
- 5- lima
- 6- annam
- 7- pitu
- 8- walu
- 9- siyam
- 10- tafulu
- 11- tafulu tata
- 12- tafulu dua
- 13- tafulu tallu
- 14- tafulu appat
- 15-tafulu lima
- 20- duafulu
- 21- duafulu tata
- 22- duafulu dua
- 100- tahatut
- 200- duatut
- 500- limatut
- 1000- tarifu
- 2000- duarifu
[edit] Sentences
| Gaddang | Tagalog | English |
| nenay inaccannu singcabbulan | Ano ang kinain mo kanina? | What did you eat a while ago? |
| nenay inaccan diaw sin kabbulan | Ano ang kinain ninyo kanina ? | What did you,(all) eat? |
| nenay inaccan nu | Ano ang kinain mo? | What did you eat? |
| nenay accanan nu cicina | Ano ang kakainin mo mamaya? | What are you going to e |
| paddatang na manggan kamin | Pagdating niya, kumakain kami. | We were eating when he came. |
| nu dimatang baggina, de nanggan kamin | Kung dumating sana siya, nakakain sana kami. | I (We) hope that by the time he would have arrived, we would have eaten. |
| mem manggan | Huwag kang kumain. | Don't eat. |
| Mangngan ka. | Kumain ka na! | Eat! |
| inquac yan / accuac yan | Akin yan! | That's mine! |
| angganma cu icca / anggamman ta ka | Mahal kita | I love you |
