# Gallery of named graphs

Some of the finite structures considered in graph theory have names, sometimes inspired by the graph's topology, and sometimes after their discoverer. A famous example is the Petersen graph, a concrete graph on 10 vertices that appears as a minimal example or counterexample in many different contexts.

## Highly symmetric graphs

### Strongly regular graphs

The strongly regular graph on v vertices and rank k is usually denoted srg(v,k,λ,μ).

### Symmetric graphs

A symmetric graph is one in which there is a symmetry (graph automorphism) taking any ordered pair of adjacent vertices to any other ordered pair; the Foster census lists all small symmetric 3-regular graphs. Every strongly regular graph is symmetric, but not vice versa.

## Graph families

### Complete graphs

The complete graph on $n$ vertices is often called the $n$-clique and usually denoted $K_n$, from German komplett.[1]

### Complete bipartite graphs

The complete bipartite graph is usually denoted $K_{n,m}$. For $n=1$ see the section on star graphs. The graph $K_{2,2}$ equals the 4-cycle $C_4$ (the square) introduced below.

### Cycles

The cycle graph on $n$ vertices is called the n-cycle and usually denoted $C_n$. It is also called a cyclic graph, a polygon or the n-gon. Special cases are the triangle $C_3$, the square $C_4$, and then several with Greek naming pentagon $C_5$, hexagon $C_6$, etc.

### Friendship graphs

The friendship graph Fn can be constructed by joining n copies of the cycle graph C3 with a common vertex.[2]

The friendship graphs F2, F3 and F4.

### Fullerene graphs

In graph theory, the term fullerene refers to any 3-regular, planar graph with all faces of size 5 or 6 (including the external face). It follows from Euler's polyhedron formula, V – E + F = 2 (where V, E, F indicate the number of vertices, edges, and faces), that there are exactly 12 pentagons in a fullerene and V/2–10 hexagons. Fullerene graphs are the Schlegel representations of the corresponding fullerene compounds.

An algorithm to generate all the non-isomorphic fullerens with a given number of hexagonal faces has been developed by G. Brinkmann and A. Dress.[3] G. Brinkmann also provided a freely available implementation, called fullgen.

### Platonic solids

The complete graph on four vertices forms the skeleton of the tetrahedron, and more generally the complete graphs form skeletons of simplices. The hypercube graphs are also skeletons of higher-dimensional regular polytopes.

### Snarks

A snark is a bridgeless cubic graph that requires four colors in any edge coloring. The smallest snark is the Petersen graph, already listed above.

### Star

A star Sk is the complete bipartite graph K1,k. The star S3 is called the claw graph.

The star graphs S3, S4, S5 and S6.

### Wheel graphs

The wheel graph Wn is a graph on n vertices constructed by connecting a single vertex to every vertex in an (n − 1)-cycle.

Wheels $W_4$$W_9$.

## References

1. ^ David Gries and Fred B. Schneider, A Logical Approach to Discrete Math, Springer, 1993, p 436.
2. ^ Gallian, J. A. "Dynamic Survey DS6: Graph Labeling." Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, DS6, 1-58, January 3, 2007. [1].
3. ^ Journal of Algorithms 23 (2): 345–358. 1997. doi:10.1006/jagm.1996.0806. MR 1441972.