Gamboge
Gamboge (pronounced /ɡæmˈboʊʒ/ gam-BOHZH, /ɡæmˈboʊdʒ/ gam-BOHJ, or /ɡæmˈbuːʒ/ gam-BOOZH)[1] is a partially transparent dark mustard yellow pigment.[Note 1] It is used to dye Buddhist monks' robes.[2][3]
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[edit] Production
Gamboge is most often extracted by tapping resin from various species of evergreen trees of the family Guttiferae (also known as Clusiaceae), most often of the gamboge tree (genus Garcinia), including G. hanburyi (Cambodia and Thailand), G. morella (India and Sri Lanka), and G. elliptica and G. heterandra (Myanmar);[4] The orange fruit of Garcinia gummi-gutta (formerly called G. cambogia) is also known as gamboge[5] or gambooge.
The trees must be ten years old before they are tapped.[6] The resin is extracted by making spiral incisions in the bark, and by breaking off leaves and shoots and letting the milky yellow resinous gum drip out. The resulting latex is collected in hollow bamboo canes.[4] After the resin is congealed, the bamboo is broken away and large rods of raw gamboge remain.
[edit] Etymology
The word gamboge comes from gambogium, the Latin word for the pigment, which derives from Gambogia, the Latin word for Cambodia.[7] Its first recorded use as a color name in English was in 1634.[8]
[edit] New gamboge
"New gamboge" is synthetic yellow pigment. The pigment has a color similar to that of natural gamboge.[9]
[edit] Notes
- ^ Other forms and spellings are: cambodia, cambogium, camboge, cambugium, gambaugium, gambogia, gambozia, gamboidea, gambogium, gumbouge, gambouge, gamboge, gambooge, gambugia. (Oxford English Dictionary)
[edit] References
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd Ed. (1989)
- ^ Hanelt, Peter (11 May 2001). Mansfeld's Encyclopedia of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: (Except Ornamentals). Springer. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=10IMFSavIMsC&pg=PA1352&lpg=PA1352&dq. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
- ^ [|Lewington, Anna] (1990). "Recreation-Plants that entertain us". Plants for people. London: Natural History Museum Publications. p. 206. ISBN 0-565-01094-8.
- ^ a b Nicholas Eastaugh, Valentine Walsh, Tracey Chaplin, and Ruth Siddall (2004). The Pigment Compendium: A Dictionary of Historical Pigments. Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0750657499. http://books.google.com/?id=TKFiYsc_xOAC&pg=PA164&dq=%22Garcinia+hanburyi%22+gambogia.
- ^ "Gamboge: Garcinia cambogia". Asia Food. http://www.asiafood.org/glossary_2.cfm?wordid=2651.
- ^ Grieve, Maud; Leyel, C. F. (1971). A Modern Herbal (illustrated ed.). Courier Dover Publications. p. 341. ISBN 0486227987. http://books.google.com/?id=tLWve-VvBLoC. Retrieved 2009-03-03
- ^ Mish, Frederic C., Editor in Chief Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary Springfield, Massachuetts, U.S.A.:1984--Merriam-Webster Page 504
- ^ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930--McGraw Hill Page 195; Color Sample of Gamboge: Page 43 Plate 10 Color Sample K6
- ^ Winsor & Newton®
[edit] External links
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