Gautieria
| Gautieria | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Gauteria magnicellaris | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Basidiomycetes |
| Order: | Phallales |
| Family: | Gomphaceae |
| Genus: | Gautieria |
| Type species | |
| Gautieria morchelliformis Vittadini (1918) |
|
Gautieria is a genus of hypogeal fungus in the family Gomphaceae. They form mycorrhizae with various tree species, mostly from the Pinaceae family. Species are present over much of the world's temperate and boreal forest habitats. It is well documented that species from this genera are an important part of the diet of the Northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus).[1][2][3] Also, some Australian marsupials, especially the Rat-Kangaroos, feed very extensively on these fungi.[4] The fungi also benefit from this relationship: not only do the squirrels help to disperse the spores and propagate the species, studies suggest that passage through the digestive tract of a mammal promotes germination of spores.[5]
Contents |
[edit] Taxonomy
The genus was first described by Italian doctor and naturalist Carlo Vittadini in 1831.[6] for hypogeous (below-ground) gasteromycetes with chambers exposed to the surface and lined with a spore-bearing hymenium, a basal rhizomorph, and ovoid-fusiform, striate-grooved spores. Vittadini's original concept was based on two species he collected in Italy, Gauteria morchellaeformis and Gautieria graveolens. In 1918, Zeller and Dodge examined various dried herbarium collections of Gautieria, and recognized five species.[7] Additional research led to them recognizing 34 species and expanding their generic concept to include species with a well-developed peridium of periclinal hyphae at maturity.[8] As of 2008, Gautieria is thought to contain 25 species.[9]
[edit] Description
Fruit bodies (gasterocarps) are typically roughly spherical in shape, with a persisting single or branched rhizomorph. The columella (the central sterile portion of the sporangium) are variable in size and shape. The peridium (the wall of the sporangium) is thin and short-lasting. The gleba is initially white, but later becomes colored by the masses of spores. The basidia are club-shaped, usually 2-spored, and with long filiform sterigmata.[7] Spores are 12–26 µm long, and ovoid to ellipsoid in shape.[10]
[edit] Species
- Gautieria caudata (Harkn.) Zeller & C.W. Dodge (1934)
- Gautieria chengdensis J.Z. Ying (1984)
- Gautieria chilensis Zeller & C.W. Dodge (1934)
- Gautieria clelandii G. Cunn. (1941)
- Gautieria costata G. Cunn. (1938)
- Gautieria crispa E.L. Stewart & Trappe (1984)
- Gautieria drummondii Cooke (1892)
- Gautieria fuegiana E. Horak (1964)
- Gautieria gautierioides (Lloyd) Zeller & C.W. Dodge (1934)
- Gautieria graveolens Vittad. (1831)
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- Gautieria graveolens f. graveolens Vittad. (1831)
- Gautieria graveolens f. inodora A.H. Sm. & Solheim (1953)
- Gautieria graveolens var. graveolens Vittad. (1831)
- Gautieria harknessii Zeller & C.W. Dodge (1934)
- Gautieria inapire Palfner & E. Horak (2001)
- Gautieria macrospora G. Cunn. (1935)
- Gautieria magnicellaris (Pilát) E.L. Stewart & Trappe (1992)
- Gautieria mexicana (E. Fisch.) Zeller & C.W. Dodge (1934)
- Gautieria microspora Rodway (1929)
- Gautieria monospora G.W. Beaton, Pegler & T.W.K. Young (1985)
- Gautieria monticola Harkn. (1884)
- Gautieria morchelliformis Vittad. (1831)
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- Gautieria morchelliformis var. globispora Pilát (1958)
- Gautieria morchelliformis var. magnicellaris Pilát (1953)
- Gautieria morchelliformis var. microspora Wichanský (1962)
- Gautieria morchelliformis var. morchelliformis Vittad. (1831)
- Gautieria morchelliformis var. stenospora Pilát (1958)
- Gautieria novae-zelandiae G. Cunn. (1938)
- Gautieria otthii Trog (1857), [RSD]
- Gautieria pallida Harkn. (1934)
- Gautieria parksiana Zeller & C.W. Dodge (1922)
- Gautieria plumbea Zeller & C.W. Dodge (1918)
- Gautieria pseudovestita Malençon (1976)
- Gautieria queenslandica J.W. Cribb (1958)
- Gautieria retirugosa Fr. (1909)
- Gautieria sinensis J.Z. Ying (1995)
- Gautieria tasmanica Rodway (1929)
- Gautieria tasmanica G. Cunn. (1938)
- Gautieria trabutii (Chatin) Pat. (1897)
- Gautieria villosa Quél. (1878)
[edit] References
- ^ Wheatley M. (2007). Fungi in summer diets of northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) within managed forests of western Alberta, Canada. Northwest Science 81(4):265–73.
- ^ Gomez DM, Anthony RG. (2005). Influence of thinning of Douglas-fir forests on population parameters and diet of northern flying squirrels. Journal of Wildlife Management 69(4):1670–82.
- ^ Meyer M, North MP, Kelt DA. (2005). Fungi in the diets of northern flying squirrels and lodgepole chipmunks in the Sierra Nevada. Canadian Journal of Zoology 83(12):1581–9.
- ^ Hume, Ian D.; Grigg, Gordon C.; Jarman, P. (1989). Kangaroos, wallabies and rat-kangaroos. Chipping Norton, N.S.W: Surrey Beaty & Sons. ISBN 0-949324-20-5.
- ^ Claridge AW, Tanton MT, Seebeck JH, Cork SJ, Cunningham RB. (1992). Establishment of ectomycorrhizae on the roots of two species of Eucalyptus from fungal spores contained in the faeces of the long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus). Australian Journal of Ecology 17: 207–219.
- ^ Vittadini C. (1831). Monographis tuberacearum. 27 Felicis Rusconi, Milan. 88 pp.
- ^ a b Zeller SM, Dodge CW. (1918). Gautieria in North America. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard.5:133–142.
- ^ Dodge CW, Zeller SM. (1934). Hymenogaster and related genera. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 21:625–708.
- ^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi. 10th ed. Wallingford: CABI. p. 274. ISBN 0-85199-826-7.
- ^ Beaton G, Pegler DN, Young TWK. (1985). Gasteroid Basidiomycota of Victoria State, Australia. 3. Cortinariales. Kew Bulletin 40(1):167–204.
