Generalissimo
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(Redirected from Generalísimo)
For other uses, see Generalissimo (disambiguation).
Generalissimo and Generalissimus are military ranks of the highest degree, superior to Field Marshal and other five-star ranks.[dubious ]
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[edit] Usage
The word "generalissimo" is an Italian term, from generale, plus the superlative suffix -issimo, itself from Latin -issimus,[1] meaning "utmost, to the highest grade".
Historically this rank was given to a military officer leading an entire army or the entire armed forces of a nation, usually only subordinate to the Sovereign. Other usage of the rank has been for the commander of the united armies of several allied powers.[citation needed]
[edit] List of Generalissimos
Main category: Generalissimos
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2012) |
| Person | Country | Era | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chiang Kai-shek | Republic of China | World War II | [2] |
| Ferdinand Foch | France | World War I | [3] |
| Albrecht von Wallenstein | Hapsburg | c.1650 | [citation needed] |
| Alexander Suvorov | Russian Empire | c.1800 | [citation needed] |
| Francisco de Miranda | Venezuela | c.1800 | [citation needed] |
| Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla | Mexico | c.1800 | [citation needed] |
| Francisco Franco | Spain | c.1950 | [4] |
| Máximo Gómez | Cuba | c.1900 | [citation needed] |
| Ihsan Nuri | Kurdistan | c.1930 | [5] |
| Charles XIV John of Sweden | Sweden | c.1810 | [citation needed] |
| Joseph Stalin | Soviet Union | World War II | [6] |
| Kim Il-sung | DPRK | 1948-1994 | [7] |
| Kim Jong-Il | DPRK | Posthumous 2012 | [8] |
| Prince Michael of Portugal | Portugal | [citation needed] | |
| Rafael Trujillo | Dominican Republic | c.1930 | [9] |
| Sun Yat-sen | Republic of China | [citation needed] | |
| Yeon Gaesomun | Goguryo of Korea | [citation needed] | |
| Antonio López de Santa Anna | Mexico | c.1836 | [10] |
[edit] See also
[edit] Notes
- ^ Chiang Kai-shek was General Special Class of the Republic of China, cf. 特級上將授任條例
- ^ Généralissime was the title used to describe Ferdinand Foch's Allied Command, starting 26 March 1918. He actually held the rank of général de division, and later the dignity of Marshall of France.
[edit] References
- ^ "Webster's Third New International Dictionary". Webster's Third New International Dictionary., French Larousse Étymologique.
- ^ Jay Taylor:The Generalisimo:Chiang Kai-shek and the struggle for modern China (2009) Harvard Press
- ^ John McGroarty :The Gray Man of Christ: Generalissimo Foch (1919) Los Angeles, Walter A Abbott
- ^ Cover, TIME magazine, 18 Oct 1943
- ^ Bletch Chirguh, La Question Kurde: ses origines et ses causes, Le Caire, Impimerie Paul Barbey, 1930, front cover, IHSAN NOURI PACHA Généralissime des forces nationales Kurdes (French)
- ^ Joseph Stalin was appointed Generalissimus of the Soviet Union. See: Ivan Aleksandrovich Venediktov, Selskokhozyaystvennaya yentsiklopediya, Vol. 4, Gos. izd-vo selkhoz, 1956, p. 584. (Russian)
- ^ The Daily Yomuiri, 29 September 2010, Kim Jong Un spotlighted / 'Heir apparent' promoted to general, makes DPRK media debut
- ^ The Australian, 15 February 2012, Late Kim Jong-il awarded highest honour by North
- ^ Stanley Walker : Generalissimo Rafael L. Trujillo (1955) Caribbean Library
- ^ Stephen L Hardin, Angus McBride : The Alamo 1836 (2001) Osprey . pp24, 100
