Generalfeldmarschall
Generalfeldmarschall (
listen (help·info)) in German (usually translated simply as General Field Marshal), was the highest military rank in the armies of several German states including the Austrian Empire and Kingdom of Prussia (later the German Empire).
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History[edit]
Originally used in the Holy Roman Empire, the rank of Generalfeldmarschall became the highest military rank in the Habsburg Monarchy equivalent to that of Marshall in France or Field Marshall in England. Following the fall of the Holy Roman Empire, it was kept in the armies of the Austrian Empire (1804-1867) then in these of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1867-1919). The Prussian army also used it as the army equivalent to a navy Grand Admiral (German: Großadmiral) and was later used as a rank on the Wehrmacht and Luftwaffe of Germany during WWII.
In Austria[edit]
In the Austrian Empire (and later the Austro-Hungarian Empire) the rank of Generalfeldmarschall was the highest rank ever granted to a military officer.
As the most prestigious honor of the Empire's military it was only granted to a handful of men.[1] It was only given to the most prominent Austrian army officers or Royals: members of the Imperial family who hold a position in the army and foreign monarchs; as such it was both an actual rank within the Austrian army and an honorific rank.
List of Austrian Generalfeldmarshall[edit]
Austrian Empire (1804-1867)[edit]
- 1805 – Adam Fürst Czartoryski-Sangusco (1734–1823)
- 1805 – Ferdinand Friedrich August Duke of Württemberg (1763-1834)
- 1808 - Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary (1776-1847)
- 1808 - Charles Joseph, Prince de Ligne (1735-1814)
- 1808 – Wenzel Graf Colloredo-Waldsee († 1822)
- 1808 - Josef Alvinczy von Borberek (1735-1810)
- 1808 – Joseph Johann Count Ferraris (1726-1814)
- 1809 – Count Heinrich von Bellegarde (1757–1845)
- 1809 – Carl Count Kolowrat-Krakowski (1748 - 1816)
- 1809 - Johann I Josef, Prince of Liechtenstein (1760–1836)
- 1812 - Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg (1771-1820)
- 1824 – Heinrich XV, Prince of Reuss-Plauen (1751–1825)
- 1826 – Kamillo Count Lambertic († 1826)
- 1830 - Archduke Ferdinand of Austria (1793–1875)
- 1830 – Friedrich Franz Xaver Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (1757–1844)
- 1833 – Christoph Freiherr von Lattermann (1753–1835)
- 1836 – Archduke Ferdinand Karl Joseph of Austria-Este (1781–1850)
- 1836 – Archduke Johann of Austria (1782–1859)
- 1836 - Josef Graf zu Radetzky von Radetz (1766-1858)
- 1843 - Karl Ludwig Graf von Ficquelmont (1777-1857)
- 1844 – Maximilian von Wimpffen (1770–1854)
- 1846 – Philipp Landgraf von Hessen-Homburg (1779–1846)
- 1848 - Emperor Franz Josef of Austria (1830-1916)
- 1848 – Ignaz Freiherr von Lederer († 1849)
- 1848 – Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz (1787–1862)
- 1849 – Laval Graf Nugent von Westmeath (1777–1862)
- 1854 – Eugen Graf Wratislaw von Mittrowítz-Nettolitzky (1786–1867)
- 1860 - Heinrich von Heß (1788-1870)
- 1863 - Archduke Albrecht of Austria (1817-1895)
- 1867 – Edmund Prince of Schwarzenberg (1803–1873)
Austria-Hungary (1867-1919)[edit]
Created field marshal by Austria-Hungary:
- 4 May 1900 - William II of Germany (1859-1941)
- 1 May 1904 - King Edward VII of the United Kingdom (1841-1910)
- 8 December 1914 - Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen (1856-1936)
- 1916 - Emperor Karl of Austria (1887-1922)
- 23 November 1916 - Archduke Eugen of Austria (1863-1954)
- 25 November 1916 - Franz Graf Conrad von Hötzendorf (1852-1925)
- 5 November 1917 - Hermann Kövess von Kövessháza (1854-1924)
- 5 November 1917 - Alexander von Krobatin (1849-1933)
- 30 January 1918 - Franz Rohr von Denta (1854-1927)
- 31 January 1918 - Eduard von Böhm-Ermolli (1856-1941)
- 1 February 1918 - Svetozar Boroevic von Bojna (1856-1920)
- 24 October 1918 - Archduke Joseph August of Austria (1872-1962)
In Prussia and Germany[edit]
See also[edit]
Footnotes[edit]
- ^ Only 42 in 115 years of which 9 were members of the Habsburg family and 8 more were foreign monarchs.
