Geography is the
science that studies the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of
Earth. A literal translation would be "to describe or write about the Earth". The first person to use the word "geography" was
Eratosthenes (276-194 BC). Four historical traditions in geographical research are the
spatial analysis of natural and human phenomena (geography as a study of distribution),
area studies (places and regions), study of man-land relationship, and research in
earth sciences. Nonetheless, modern geography is an all-encompassing discipline that foremost seeks to understand the Earth and all of its human and natural complexities—not merely where objects are, but how they have changed and come to be. Geography has been called "the world discipline" and "the bridge between the human and the
physical science". Geography is divided into two main branches:
human geography and
physical geography.