Georg Ernst Stahl
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This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. (September 2009) |
| Georg Ernst Stahl | |
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 Georg Ernst Stahl |
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| Born | 22 October 1659 Ansbach |
| Died | 24 May 1734 Berlin |
| Nationality | German |
| Fields | chemistry |
| Institutions | University of Halle |
| Alma mater | University of Jena |
| Known for | phlogiston theory fermentation |
| Influences | J.J. Becher |
Georg Ernst Stahl (22 October 1659[1] – 24 May 1734) was a German chemist and physician.
He was born at Ansbach. Having graduated in medicine at the University of Jena in 1683, he became court physician to Duke Johann Ernst of Sachsen Weimar in 1687. From 1694 to 1716 he held the chair of medicine at Halle, and was then appointed physician to King Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia in Berlin. He died in Berlin.
In chemistry he is chiefly remembered in part with the obsolete phlogiston theory, the essentials of which, however, he owed to J.J. Becher. He also propounded a view of fermentation which in some respects resembles that supported by Justus von Liebig a century and half later. In medicine he professed an animistic system, in opposition to the materialism of Hermann Boerhaave and Friedrich Hoffmann.
He hypothesized that all matter had a vital force, or a soul of sorts. He burned wood, and crediting the lower mass of the ashes compared to the original wood to the leaving of the vital force, because the wood had been killed in the process of burning. This theory was replaced by that of Antoine Lavoisier.
His views had been criticized by Gottfried Leibniz with whom he exchanged letters, later published in a book as Negotium otiosum seu σκιαμαχία (1720).[2]
The most important of his numerous writings are Zymotechnia fundamentalis sive fermentalionis theoria generalis (1697), which contains the phlogistic hypothesis; Specimen Becherianum (1702); Experimenta, observationes, aniniadversiones ... chymicae et physicae (1731); Theoria medica vera (1707); Ars sanandi cum expectalione (1730).
References [edit]
- ^ Stahl's date of birth is often given erroneously as 1660. The correct date is recorded in the parish register of St. John's church, Ansbach. See Gottlieb, B.J. (1942). "Vitalistisches Denken in Deutschland im Anschluss an Georg Ernst Stahl". Klinische Wochenschrift 21 (20): 445–448.
- ^ Smets A., The Controversy Between Leibniz and Stahl on the Theory of Chemistry Proc. 6th Int. Conf. Hist. Chem. [1]
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Wikisource has the text of the 1905 New International Encyclopedia article Stahl, Georg Ernst. |
- Carvallo, Sarah (2006). "Stahl, Leibniz, Hoffmann and breathing". Revue de synthèse (Centre international de synthèse) 127 (1): 43–75. PMID 17153053.
- Magyar, László András (November 2005). "Stahl on disease of courtiers". Orvosi hetilap 146 (48): 2468–9. PMID 16408388.
- Helm, J (2000). ""Quod naturae ipsae sint morborum medicatrices." Hippocratism of Georg Ernst Stahl". Medizinhistorisches Journal 35 (3–4): 251–62. PMID 11210365.
- Konert, J (1997). "Academic and practical medicine in Halle during the era of Stahl, Hoffmann, and Juncker". Caduceus (Springfield, Ill.) 13 (1): 23–38. PMID 9357114.
- Gyözö, B (March 1996). "Friedrich Hoffmann and Georg Ernst Stahl, classic representatives of baroque medicine". Orvosi hetilap 137 (10): 531–3. PMID 8713669.
- Kaiser, W (August 1984). "Georg Ernst Stahl (1659–1734)--on the 250th anniversary of his death 14 May 1984". Zeitschrift für die gesamte innere Medizin und ihre Grenzgebiete 39 (15): 371–6. PMID 6388168.
- Bednarczyk, A (1981). "Antimechanistic materialism in the 18th century philosophy of medicine. G. E. Stahl (1659–1734) and animism". Archiwum historii medycyny 44 (2): 163–87. PMID 7025787.
- Schultheisz, E (May 1964). "Georg Ernst Stahl". Orvosi hetilap 105: 942–3. PMID 14159866.
- Harms, E (October 1960). "George Ernest Stahl (1660–1734)". The American journal of psychiatry 117: 366–7. PMID 13711627.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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