Gernot Zippe

Gernott Zippe
Born	November, 1917 Varnsdorf, Austria-Hungary
Died	May 7, 2008 (91 years old) Vienna, Austria
Residence	Vienna, Austria
Citizenship	Austria-Hungary (1917-1930) Germany (1930-1960) Austria (1960-2008)
Nationality	German-Austrian
Fields	Mechanical Engineering
Institutions	German Luftwaffe Physics-Technical at Bundesanstalt Tomsk-7 Uranium Laboratories University of Virginia (United States)
Alma mater	University of Vienna
Known for	Zippe uranium centrifuges German nuclear weapons project Soviet nuclear program

Gernot Zippe (November 1917 – 7 May 2008; PhD), was a Austrian-German mechanical engineer who is widely credited with leading the team which developed the Zippe-type centrifuge, a centrifuge machine for the collection of ²³⁵Uranium-235.

Early Life and World War II

Zippe was born in Varnsdorf, Austria-Hungary (nowadays Czech Republic) in 1917. Zippe studied and graduated with B.Sc. Physics at the University of Vienna in the '1938, and served in the German Luftwaffe as a flight instructor and a researcher on radar and airplane propellers. In 1941, Zippe received his B.S. in Mechanical engineering, and M.Sc. in 1943 in same respected same discipline. While doing his post doctoral research at the University of Vienna, Zippe participated in Germany's nuclear weapons project in 1940s. He was the junior research team member of the Isotope separation project led by Klaus Clusius at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. In 1945, he was awarded a PhD in Mechanical engineering with emphasizing on thermal column and its applicant physics. By the time, Zippe fully joined the project as the team leader, the Soviet Union's Narodnyy komissariat vnutrennikh del (NKVD) apprehended him, as with other technically skilled scientists and engineers, to a special camp where he led a team that worked on centrifuge research for the Soviet Union.. In the Soviet Union Zippe worked at the Physics Institute of Sukhumi on a centrifuge project, led by German director Manfred von Ardenne, and directly by another German scientist Max Steenbeck, whose theoretical achievements Zippe used. He was allowed to leave in 1956, and returned to Vienna.

When Zippe visited a 1957 conference on centrifuge research in Amsterdam, he realized the rest of the world was far behind what his team had been able to achieve. His notes had been confiscated when he left the Soviet Union, but working from memory, he was able to recreate the centrifuge at the University of Virginia in the United States.^{[citation needed]}

United States offer

The United States government tried to recruit him for secret nuclear research, going so far as to ask him to change his citizenship, but he refused and returned to Europe.^{[citation needed]}

Personal interests

Working in industry in the 1960s, he was able to improve the efficiency of the centrifuge. He enjoyed flying and flew planes until he was 80 years old.^{[citation needed]}

The Legacy

His invention made it cheaper to build nuclear reactors, and nuclear weapons, which increased the risk of nuclear proliferation. When asked if he has any regrets, he responds, "With a kitchen knife you can peel a potato or kill your neighbor, it's up to governments to use the centrifuge for the benefit of mankind."^{[citation needed]}

It was an American Engineer, John P Feltman,whose research in composite materials led to his invention of a composite high speed centrifuge rotor (1966),http://www.freepatentsonline.com/3248046.pdf, Feltman's theories were those upon which the Zippe rotor was developed. Feltman sold this patent to Vernitron Corp.in 1971 to help his friend William Piemonte, who financed Feltman's patent application. Feltman's patent was predicated on the concept that it was Strength/weight ratios that would make it possible to produce composite material rotors that would allow centrifuge rotors to be rotated at much higher RPM.

External links

• The Zippe Type – The Poor Man's Bomb, BBC Radio 4, 19 May 2004
• Tracking the technology, Nuclear Engineering International, 31 August 2004
• Slender and Elegant, It Fuels the Bomb, New York Times, March 23, 2004
• Gernot Zippe