Ginger beer
Ginger beer is a carbonated drink that is flavored primarily with ginger and sweetened with sugar or artificial sweeteners.
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[edit] History
Brewed ginger beer originated in England in the mid-18th century[1] and became popular in Britain, the United States, and Canada, reaching a peak of popularity in the early 20th century.[2] Brewed ginger beer was brought to the Ionian Islands by the British Army in the 19th century, and is still made as a local specialty known as "tsitsibíra" by villagers in rural Corfu.[3] Today ginger beer is almost always produced as a soft drink. Ginger beer and ginger ale as soft drinks have been wildly popular in many parts of the world particularly Norway, Bulgaria, and Medina, OH since they were introduced.
[edit] Production
[edit] Brewed
The original recipe requires only ginger, sugar, water, lemon juice and a fungal-bacteria symbiote[4] known as a ginger beer plant. Fermentation over a few days turns the mixture into ginger beer.[5]
Other forms of live culture than the ginger beer plant can produce a fermented ginger beer. Cultures used include brewers or baker's yeast, lactic acid bacteria, kefir grains, and tibicos. Brewing ginger beer generates carbon dioxide as in beer. The alcohol content when produced by the traditional process can be high, up to 11%,[2] although ginger beer is usually brewed with much less alcohol.
Brewed ginger beer often includes other flavorings, prominently lemon or lime juice. These juices are not merely ornamental, however, as they establish an acidic ph balance for the solution; this helps in both protecting the ginger beer from other cultures, as well as facilitating sugar inversion to increase the availability of the more readily metabolised fructose and glucose. Other, more strictly flavoring-specific, elements have often included: citrus zests; cayenne pepper and other hot spices; and admixtures from other brews such as nettle or dandelion beers.
[edit] Ginger beer plant
Ginger beer plant (GBP) is not what is usually considered a plant, but a composite organism consisting of a fungus, the yeast Saccharomyces florentinus (formerly Saccharomyces pyriformis), and the bacterium Lactobacillus hilgardii (formerly Brevibacterium vermiforme),[6][7] which form a symbiotic colony of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY). It forms a gelatinous substance that allows it to be easily transferred from one fermenting substrate to the next, much like kefir grains, kombucha, and tibicos.[8]
The GBP was first described by Harry Marshall Ward in 1892, from samples he received in 1887.[7][9][10][11] Original ginger beer is made by leaving water, sugar, ginger, and GBP to ferment. GBP may be obtained from several commercial sources or from yeast banks.[12] Much of the "ginger beer plant" obtainable from commercial sources is not the true GBP as described here, but instead is yeast alone. This is not legally false advertising because there is no regulation defining GBP.
[edit] Soft drink
The beverage produced industrially is not brewed (fermented), but carbonated with pressurized carbon dioxide. It does not contain alcohol (although some might contain less than 0.5%) and is sold as a soft drink, sweetened with sugar or artificial sweeteners. Commercial ginger beer is similar to ginger ale except that it has a significantly stronger ginger taste and is sometimes described as ginger ale with a kick. It may be cloudy, is sweet, and has a spicy ginger taste. Cloudy versions tend to still have small pieces of ginger in them, which usually means a heavier ginger taste than the clearer types.
[edit] Mixed drinks
The ginger beer soft drink may be mixed with beer (usually a British ale of some sort) to make one type of shandy, and with dark rum to make a drink, originally from Bermuda, called a Dark 'N' Stormy. It is the main ingredient in the Moscow Mule cocktail (Although in some cases Ginger Ale is used as an alternative where Ginger Beer is not available).
[edit] See also
- Ginger ale
- Root beer
- Sockerdricka
- Caribbean cuisine
- Ginger wine
- Canton (liqueur)
- Moscow Mule
- Donoghue v. Stevenson, legal case involving ginger beer
[edit] References
- ^ Thomas Sprat (1702) A history of the Royal Society of London, page 196 "of Brewing Beer with Ginger instead of Hops"
- ^ a b Donald Yates (Spring 2003). "Root Beer and Ginger Beer heritage". http://www.fohbc.com/BandE_Article4.html. Retrieved 2006-12-06.
- ^ Nick Edwards & John Gill, "The Rough Guide to Corfu." Rough Guides (2003) p.87
- ^ Ginger Beer Plant - Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
- ^ Traditional Ginger Beer Recipe - Historical Foods
- ^ "Ginger - ginger beer plant". Plant Cultures. 16 June 2006. http://www.plantcultures.org/plants/ginger_food_ginger_beer_plant.html. Retrieved 2006-12-06.
- ^ a b Raj B. Apte (22 June 2006). "Lactic Acid Beverages: sour beer, (milk) & soda". http://www2.parc.com/emdl/members/apte/GingerBeer.pdf. Retrieved 2006-12-06.
- ^ Walter Donald Daker; Maurice Stakey (14 September 1938). "CCLI. Investigation of a Polysaccharide Produced From Sucrose by Betabacterium Vermiformé (Ward-Meyer)" (pdf). http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/picrender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1264278&blobtype=pdf. Retrieved 2006-12-07.
- ^ "Harry Marshall Ward : Biography". http://www.french4tots.co.uk/HMW/hmw.html. Retrieved 2006-12-06.
- ^ Vines, Gail (28 September 2002). "Marriage of equals". New Scientist (2362): 50. http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg17523625.800-marriage-of-equals.html.
- ^ New Scientist article (alternative source)
- ^ DSM 2484 - Ginger beer plant from yeast bank
[edit] External links
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Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on |
- Of the Street Sale of Ginger-Beer, Sherbet, Lemonade,&C., from London Labour and the London Poor, Volume 1, Henry Mayhew, 1851; subsequent pages cover the costs and income of street ginger beer sellers.
- http://www.scienceinschool.org/repository/docs/issue8_gingerbeer.pdf
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