Abscesses of the periodontium
Abscesses of the periodontium are localized acute bacterial infections[1] classified primarily based on location.[2]
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[edit] Types
There are four types of abscesses associated with the periodontal tissues:[1]
- gingival abscesses
- periodontal abscesses
- pericoronal abscesses
- combined periodontal/endodontic abscesses
The fourth type will be dealt with in its own article because of its often distinct etiology.
[edit] Gingival abscess
An abscess of the periodontal tissue is termed a gingival abscess when the localized, purulent infection involves only the soft gum tissue near the marginal gingiva or the interdental papilla.[1]
[edit] Periodontal abscess
An abscess of the periodontal tissue is termed a periodontal abscess when the localized, purulent infection involves a greater dimension of the gum tissue, extending apically and adjacent to a periodontal pocket.[1] Such a lesion may contribute to destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone.[2]
[edit] Pericoronal abscess
An abscess of the periodontal tissue is termed a pericoronal abscess when the localized, purulent infection exists within the gum tissue surrounding the crown of a partially or fully erupted tooth.[1] This is also referred to as pericoronitis.
[edit] Clinical presentation
All three of these types of abscesses will present as red, swollen lesions that are painful to touch.[1] They may possess a shiny surface representative of the stretching of the mucosa over the abscess. Pus may be present.
[edit] Treatment
Treatment for any of these lesions include incision and drainage, and perhaps inclusion of an antibiotic regimen.[1]
[edit] References
- ^ a b c d e f g American Academy of Periodontology (May 2000). "Parameter on acute periodontal diseases. American Academy of Periodontology" (PDF). J. Periodontol. 71 (5 Suppl): 863–6. doi:10.1902/jop.2000.71.5-S.863. PMID 10875694. http://perio.org/resources-products/pdf/863.pdf.
- ^ a b American Academy of Periodontology (1999). "Consensus report: Abscesses of the Periodontium". Ann. Periodontol. 4 (1): 83. doi:10.1902/annals.1999.4.1.83. http://www.joponline.org/doi/pdf/10.1902/annals.1999.4.1.83.
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