Government of the Grand National Assembly
| Government of the Grand National Assembly Büyük Millet Meclisi Hükûmeti |
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| Provisional government | |||||
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| Anthem İstiklâl Marşı "Independence March" |
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| Capital | Ankara | ||||
| Languages | Turkish | ||||
| Government | Provisional government | ||||
| Speaker | |||||
| - | 1920–1923 | Mustafa Kemal | |||
| Prime Minister | |||||
| - | 1920–1921 | Mustafa Kemal | |||
| - | 1921–1922 | Fevzi Çakmak | |||
| - | 1922–1923 | Rauf Orbay | |||
| - | 1923 | Ali Fethi Okyar | |||
| Legislature | Grand National Assembly | ||||
| Historical era | Interwar period | ||||
| - | Proclamation | 23 April 1920 | |||
| - | Sultanate abolished | 1 November 1922 | |||
| - | Republic proclaimed | 29 October 1923 | |||
| Population | |||||
| - | est. | 6-7 million[1] | |||
| Currency | Ottoman lira | ||||
| Today part of |  Turkey |
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The Government of the Grand National Assembly (Turkish: Büyük Millet Meclisi Hükûmeti, since 8 February 1921, Government of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey) commonly termed Ankara Government (Turkish: Ankara Hükümeti[2][3][4][5][6][7]) was the name given to the temporary and revolutionary government of Ankara during the Turkish War of Independence (1919–1923), and during the final years of the Ottoman Empire.
Background[edit]
Even though in Constantinople there was still a nominal government of the Ottoman Empire, once the Grand National Assembly was established, on 23 April 1920, without rejecting at first, the legitimacy of the Sultanate, the new parliament formed its own government within the GNA. The Ministers were called "Vekil" (Acting) instead of the conventional "Nazır", to keep the appearance, as the reason utilised for forming a government was the fact that the real capital, Constantinople was under occupation. President of the GNA (the Grand National Assembly of Turkey since 8 February 1921) and later of the Republic of Turkey, was Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk). Once the Armistice of Mudanya was signed, replacing the Armistice of Mundros (signed by the Empire in 1918, at the end of World War I) and ending the Turkish War of Independence, the GNA abolished the Sultanate which was accused of collaborating with the Allies during the occupation of Turkey. The Treaty of Lausanne was signed on 24 July 1923, between the representatives of the Allies and of Ankara, thus officially recognizing the government of Ankara. On 29 October, the Republic of Turkey was proclaimed by the Grand National National Assembly of Turkey.
See also[edit]
- Turkish National Movement
- Turkish War of Independence
- Grand National Assembly of Turkey
- Abolition of the Ottoman Sultanate
References[edit]
- ^ Belgelerle Türk tarihi dergisi, Edition 18, Menteş Kitabevi, 1986, page 72. (Turkish)
- ^ Esra Yakut: Şeyhülislâmlık: yenileşme döneminde devlet ve din, Kitap Yayinevi Ltd., 2005, ISBN 9789758704941, page 198,199. (Turkish)
- ^ Pars Tuğlacı: Çağdaş Türkiye, Cem Yayınevi, 1987,Turkey page 358. (Turkish)
- ^ Hakan Alan, Avni Alan: Istanbul Şehir Rehberi, ASBOOK, 2007, ISBN 9750114701, page 12. (Turkish)
- ^ Yahya Kemal: Eğil Dağlar, Kubbealti Publishing, 1966, ISBN 9757618519, pages 13, 92-93, 138, 155, 170, 188, 204-205, 232, 302, 338. (Turkish)
- ^ William Hale: Turkish Foreign Policy, 1774-2000, Routledge, 2012, ISBN 0415599865, pages 36, 37, 38, 50, 265.
- ^ Kemal Kirişci, Gareth M. Winrow: The Kurdish Question and Turkey: An Example of a Trans-State Ethnic Conflict, Routledge, 1997, ISBN 0714647462, pages 71-75, 77-79, 80, 82-84.
