Land grading

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Section through railway track and foundation showing the sub-grade.

Grading in civil engineering and construction is the work of ensuring a level (or possibly sloped to specific degree) base for a construction work such as a foundation or the base course for a road or a railway. The earthworks created for such a purpose are often called the sub-grade (see diagram).

In the case of gravel roads and earthworks for certain purposes, grading forms not just the base but the cover and surface of the finished construction.

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