Green-water navy
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A Green-Water Navy is a naval term that refers to a naval force whose power projection capability is regional in nature.[1] This is a relatively new terminology, as earlier non blue-water navies used to be collectively referred to as brown-water navy.
Green-water navies are usually capable of sending their naval ships overseas on friendly port-visits, participating in joint-exercises with other navies and sustaining short-term regional deployments. But usually they either lack the ability for sustained long-distance combat operations or their naval-doctrine does not envisage deployments far away from their home bases.
In comparison to Green-Water Navy, a Blue-water navy is one which has a capability to project power anywhere across all oceans and is able to sustain itself for long-duration deployment far away from the home base. All Blue-water navy have aircraft carriers in their fleet, to provide air cover for defensive as well as offensive operations.
Until some years back, one main difference between Blue-water Navy and Green-water navies was that Green-Water navies usually lacked aircraft carriers, depending on land-based aircraft for air cover instead. However, in the current scenario, there are some navies which though do not technically qualify as Blue-water navy, but nevertheless can deploy full fledged Carrier battle group centered around an aircraft carrier, such as the Italian Navy and Indian Navy.
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Chilean Navy
The Chilean Navy is developing an amphibious expeditionary capability centered around the ex-French Navy vessel Foudre.
- Amphibious Warfare Ship - LSHD Sargento Aldea
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Italian Navy
The Italian Navy operates aircraft carriers and landing ships.
- Carrier Battle Group - centered around Portaerei Cavour
- Carrier Battle Group - centered around Giuseppe Garibaldi
- Amphibious Capability - centered around San Giorgio
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Indian Navy
The Indian Navy operates one aircraft carrier - INS Viraat and the landing ship INS Jalashwa. The Indian Navy has undertaken an extensive rearmament and modernization program.
- Carrier Battle Group - centered around INS Viraat
- Amphibious Capability - centered around INS Jalashwa
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Indonesian Navy
The Indonesian Navy operates Makassar class landing platform dock. There are 4 ships in this class. The first long-range operation conducted by the Indonesian Navy was to rescue 20 Indonesians that were kept hostage by Somali Pirates in the Gulf of Aden on March 2011.[2][3]
- Amphibious Capability - centered around Makassar class landing platform dock
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Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
The Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force operates one Hyuga Class helicopter carrier. Naval aviation consists of 179 fixed-wing aircraft and 135 helicopters.
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People's Liberation Army Navy
The People's Republic of China Navy is undergoing a modernization program The PRC Navy has deployed assets in the Mediterranean Sea and conducted counter-piracy operations off the Somali coast.
The navy currently comprises one aircraft carrier, 3 transport docks, ~80 major surface combatants (destroyers/frigates) and up to 70 submarines (nuclear and conventional), along with hundreds of auxiliary/support vessels and landing ships.
The People's Liberation Army Navy also operates a naval air arm consisting of 500 aircraft and 56,000 naval infantry marines.
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Republic of Korea Navy
The Republic of Korea Navy[4] aims to operate a blue-water navy by 2020.
- Amphibious Warfare Ship - ROKS Dokdo
- Amphibious Warfare Ship - ROKS Marado (Under Construction)
- Amphibious Warfare Ship - ROKS Baeknyeongdo (Under Construction)
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Royal Australian Navy
In December 2007 the Royal Australian Navy ordered 2 Canberra Class Helicopter Landing Docks (LHD) from a Spanish company based on the design of the Spanish Navy's Juan Carlos. It is expected that they will receive the two ships starting in 2014.
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Royal Netherlands Navy
The Royal Netherlands Navy is changing its role from national defence to intervention.[5] Royal Netherlands Navy operates Rotterdam class amphibious ships. Lead Ship was HNLMS Rotterdam, the second ship of the class is HNLMS Johan de Witt.
- Amphibious Warfare Ship - HNLMS Rotterdam
- Amphibious Warfare Ship - HNLMS Johan de Witt
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Russian Navy
The Cold War era Soviet Navy maintained a force on par with the United States Navy. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, it was renamed as the Russian Navy and the fleet experienced a rapid deterioration due to lack of financing.[6] The present status of Russian Navy is controversial: 300 ships are claimed to be in service, but less than half are operational. Out of a fleet of 11 strategic missile submarines, only 2 are reported to be in immediate combat readiness.[7] The Russian Navy is undergoing a rearmament program through 2020.[8]
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Spanish Navy
The Spanish Navy is conducting a modernization program.
- Carrier Battle Group - centered around Principe de Asturias
- Carrier Battle Group - centered around Juan Carlos I
- Amphibious Capability - Galicia Class LPD
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ "Overview - People's Liberation Army Navy". http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/row/plan/overview.htm. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ http://www.allvoices.com/news/8799763-indonesia-sends-troops-for-hostage-rescue-operation-against-somali-pirates
- ^ http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/70303/ri-govt-already-sent-mlitary-troops-to-somalia
- ^ Global Security report on RoK Navy
- ^ Warship 2006, Conway's Maritime Press - World Navies in Review 2006)
- ^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Navy#Modern_Russian_Navy
- ^ Global Security report on Russian Navy
- ^ http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=11583
