Guineafowl

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For the guineafowl butterflies, see Hamanumida.

Guinea fowl
Helmeted Guineafowl (Numida meleagris)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Galliformes Family: Numididae de Sélys Longchamps, 1842
Genera
Agelastes Numida Guttera Acryllium

The guinea fowl (sometimes called guinea hen) are a family of birds in the Galliformes order, although some authorities (for example the American Ornithologists' Union) include the guinea fowl as a subfamily, Numidinae, of the family Phasianidae. The guinea fowl are native to Africa, but the Helmeted Guinea fowl has been domesticated and both feral and wild-type birds have been introduced elsewhere.

Contents 1 Description and ecology 2 List of species in taxonomic order 3 Domesticated guinea fowl 4 References 5 External links

[edit] Description and ecology

This is a family of insect and seed-eating, ground-nesting birds that resemble partridges, but with featherless heads, though both members of the genus Guttera have a distinctive black crest, and the Vulturine Guinea fowl has a downy brown patch on the nape. Most species of guinea fowl have a dark grey or blackish plumage with dense white spots, but both members of the genus Agelastes lack the spots (as do some domestic variants of the Helmeted Guinea fowl). While several species are relatively well known, the Plumed Guinea fowl and the two members of the genus Agelastes remain relatively poorly known.

The species for which the information is known are normally monogamous, mating for life. However, occasional bigamy has been recorded for the Helmeted Guinea fowl (Madge and McGowan, p345-352). All guinea fowl are social, and typically occur in small groups.

They are large birds which measure from 40-71 cm in length, and weigh 700-1600 g.

The Helmeted and Vulturine Guinea fowl generally occur in open or semi-open habitats such as savanna or semi-deserts, while the remaining species of guinea fowl mainly occur in forests.

The Helmeted Guinea fowl has been domesticated and introduced outside its natural range, for example in southern France, the West Indies, and the United States.

Crested Guineafowl in South Africa.

Head of a Vulturine Guineafowl.

Helmeted Guineafowl in Namibia.

[edit] List of species in taxonomic order

This is a list of guinea fowl species, presented in taxonomic order.

• Genus Agelastes
  • White-breasted Guineafowl, Agelastes meleagrides
  • Black Guineafowl, Agelastes niger
• Genus Numida
  • Helmeted Guineafowl, Numida meleagris
• Genus Guttera
  • Plumed Guineafowl, Guttera plumifera
  • Crested Guineafowl, Guttera pucherani
    • Kenya Crested Guineafowl, Guttera (pucherani) pucherani
    • Crested Guineafowl, Guttera (pucherani) edouardi
• Genus Acryillium
  • Vulturine Guineafowl, Acryllium vulturinum

[edit] Domesticated guinea fowl

Guinea fowl have a long history of domestication, mainly involving the Helmeted Guinea fowl; in the UK they were usually known as "Gleanies". The young (called "keets") are very small at birth. The keets are kept in a brooder box inside the house until about six weeks of age, before being moved into a proper coop or enclosure. They eat lice, worms, ants, spiders, weedseeds, and ticks while on range or they can also eat chicken layer crumbles (one kind of commercial bird food) while housed in a coop. The cooked flesh of guinea fowl resembles chicken in texture, with a flavour somewhere between chicken and turkey.

[edit] References

• Madge and McGowan, Pheasants, Partridges and Grouse. ISBN 0-7136-3966-0
• Martínez, I. (1994). "Family Numididae (Guinea fowl)". Pp.554-570 in; del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Sargatal, J. eds. Handbook of the Birds of the World, Vol. 2. New World Vultures to Guineafowl. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ISBN 8487334156

[edit] External links

• Guineafowl videos on the Internet Bird Collection