Dhuwal language
| Dhuwal | |
|---|---|
| Dhay'yi | |
| Native to | Australia |
| Region | Northern Territory |
| Native speakers | (5,000 cited 1983–1996)[1] |
| Language family |
Pama–Nyungan
|
| Dialects |
Gupapuyngu
Gumatj
Djambarrpuyngu
Djapu
Liyagalawumirr
Guyamirlili
Dhalwangu [Dhay'yi]
Djarrwark [Dhay'yi]
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Variously: duj – Dhuwal djr – Djambarrpuyngu gnn – Gumatj guf – Gupapuyngu dax – Dayi (Dhay'yi) |
Dhuwal (Dual, Duala) is a dialect cluster of the Australian Aboriginal Yolŋu language, spoken in Australia's Northern Territory. All varieties of Yolŋu are mutually intelligible to some extent.
Dialects of the Yirritja moiety are (a) Gupapuyngu and Gumatj; those of the Dhuwa moiety are (b) Djambarrpuyngu, Djapu, Liyagalawumirr, and Guyamirlili (Gwijamil). In addition, it would appear that the Dhay'yi (Dayi) dialects, (a) Dhalwangu and (b) Djarrwark, are part of the same language.[2]
Ethnologue divides Dhuwal into four languages, plus Dayi:
- Dhuwal proper (Wulamba), 3,650 speakers recorded in the 1996 census
- Djampbarrpuyŋu, 450 speakers reported in 1983
- Gumatj, 300 speakers (1983)
- Gupapuyngu, 450 speakers (1983)
- Dhay'yi (Dayi), 70 speakers (1996 census)
The total number of speakers is uncertain. Dhuwal proper and Dhay'yi were reported to be spoken by some 500 and 200 people in a survey published in 1983,[3] but in the 1996 census 3,650 and 70 speakers self-identified as speakers.[1]
[edit] References
- ^ a b Dhuwal at Ethnologue (16th ed., 2009)
Djambarrpuyngu at Ethnologue (16th ed., 2009)
Gumatj at Ethnologue (16th ed., 2009) - ^ Dixon, R. M. W. (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge University Press. p. xxxvi.
- ^ Dhuwal and Dayi at Ethnologue (15th ed., 2005)
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