Guozijian
The Guozijian (simplified Chinese: 国子监; traditional Chinese: 國子監; pinyin: guózǐjiàn), or Kuo Tzu Chien, the School of the Sons of State,[1] sometimes called the Imperial Academy, Imperial College, Imperial Central School, was the national central institute of learning in Chinese dynasties after the Sui. It was the highest institute of learning in China's traditional educational system. In Vietnam, the Imperial Academy (Quốc Tử Giám) existed after the Lý dynasty.
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[edit] History
Formerly it was called the Taixue, while Taixue for Gongsheng (tribute students) from the populace was still part of Guozijian, along with Guozixue for noble students. The central schools of taixue were established as far back as 3 CE, when a standard nationwide school system was established and funded during the reign of Emperor Ping of Han.[2] When disbanded during the 1898 reform of the Qing Dynasty, the Guozijian was replaced by the Imperial Capital University, later known as Peking University.
[edit] Locations
Guozijian were located in the national capital of each dynasty, such as Chang'an, Luoyang and Kaifeng. In Ming there were two capitals; thus there were two Guozijian, one in Nanjing and one in Beijing. In Qing there were also two Guozijian, one in Changsha and one in Beijing. The Guozijian, located in the Guozijian Street (or Chengxian street) in the Dongcheng District, Beijing, the imperial college during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties (although most of its buildings were built during the Ming Dynasty)[3] was the last Guozijian in China and is an important national cultural asset.
The Quốc Tử Giám was located in the Temple of Literature, Hanoi and later moved as the Imperial Academy, Huế.
[edit] References
[edit] Notes
- ^ Yuan, 194.
- ^ Yuan, 193.
- ^ "Guozijian". James P. Geiss Foundation. http://www.geissfoundation.org/insider_beijing/temples/guozijian.htm.
[edit] Reference sources
- Yuan, Zheng. "Local Government Schools in Sung China: A Reassessment," History of Education Quarterly (Volume 34, Number 2; Summer 1994): 193–213.
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